Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Heather Buchheim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Heather Buchheim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
How you feel towards yourself can profoundly impact your relationships, work, school, and more. And a lot can make it hard to feel your best. You might be: Exhausted by a relentless self-critical voice...Considering your next steps to feel authentically aligned with your gender and sexuality...Struggling with boundaries and people-pleasing... Stressed and stuck in your closest relationships...Curious about non-monogamy but unsure where to start...Looking for nonjudgmental guidance navigating dynamics within polyamory and kink — not to mention managing all of this under capitalism. No wonder you'd like support!
How you feel towards yourself can profoundly impact your relationships, work, school, and more. And a lot can make it hard to feel your best. You might be: Exhausted by a relentless self-critical voice...Considering your next steps to feel authentically aligned with your gender and sexuality...Struggling with boundaries and people-pleasing... Stressed and stuck in your closest relationships...Curious about non-monogamy but unsure where to start...Looking for nonjudgmental guidance navigating dynamics within polyamory and kink — not to mention managing all of this under capitalism. No wonder you'd like support!
(925) 438-6553 View (925) 438-6553
Photo of Randall Wyatt, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Randall Wyatt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Often clients come into therapy with me when they are stuck in life, in a crisis, or in transition in a relationship or job or when emotions are just becoming too much to cope with. They want a change but are not always sure how to go about it. Taking the step to begin therapy is not easy for most people, but starting therapy often leads to a real opportunity to change, in ways that are not always expected. My style is warm, inviting and engaging, and I seek to connect to each person where they are at in life.
Often clients come into therapy with me when they are stuck in life, in a crisis, or in transition in a relationship or job or when emotions are just becoming too much to cope with. They want a change but are not always sure how to go about it. Taking the step to begin therapy is not easy for most people, but starting therapy often leads to a real opportunity to change, in ways that are not always expected. My style is warm, inviting and engaging, and I seek to connect to each person where they are at in life.
(510) 972-1731 View (510) 972-1731
Photo of Sonia Telle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sonia Telle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I strongly believe that the most healing aspect of therapy is directly related to the safe connection with the therapist. Trainings inform the therapy but only feeling safe and seen will provide the ground for deep exploration and emergence of the new... almost like a birthing process. Client based, my style is warm, compassionate, nonetheless, assertive. Experience and various trainings keep supporting the importance of breath, grounded presence and mindfulness in any therapeutic setting and healing/life process. Therefore, those are central to my work. My sessions combines several psychotherapy approaches together with various somatic practices such as bioenergetics, movement, mindfulness & trauma work.
I strongly believe that the most healing aspect of therapy is directly related to the safe connection with the therapist. Trainings inform the therapy but only feeling safe and seen will provide the ground for deep exploration and emergence of the new... almost like a birthing process. Client based, my style is warm, compassionate, nonetheless, assertive. Experience and various trainings keep supporting the importance of breath, grounded presence and mindfulness in any therapeutic setting and healing/life process. Therefore, those are central to my work. My sessions combines several psychotherapy approaches together with various somatic practices such as bioenergetics, movement, mindfulness & trauma work.
(510) 788-2703 View (510) 788-2703
Photo of Rebecca Olsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rebecca Olsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
All people deserve to experience safety within their minds and bodies however due to overwhelming and difficult experiences this does not always feel achievable. I seek to create a caring, non-judgmental, and trustworthy relationship with you where we can process your past and present experiences and develop skills that will enhance a sense of calm within your thoughts and body.
All people deserve to experience safety within their minds and bodies however due to overwhelming and difficult experiences this does not always feel achievable. I seek to create a caring, non-judgmental, and trustworthy relationship with you where we can process your past and present experiences and develop skills that will enhance a sense of calm within your thoughts and body.
(510) 777-6579 View (510) 777-6579
Photo of Alisa Birgy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alisa Birgy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I am a change oriented therapist and would like to support you in finding new solutions to old problems. I am part of a group practice that provides individual and group DBT, and I have experience working with addiction/alcoholism, trauma, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and psychosis. My other passion is parenting and pregnancy as I ran a parenting program for 12 years. I understand the stresses facing parents with young children, and will provide a trusting relationship where you can develop skills and experience more joy in parenting.
I am a change oriented therapist and would like to support you in finding new solutions to old problems. I am part of a group practice that provides individual and group DBT, and I have experience working with addiction/alcoholism, trauma, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and psychosis. My other passion is parenting and pregnancy as I ran a parenting program for 12 years. I understand the stresses facing parents with young children, and will provide a trusting relationship where you can develop skills and experience more joy in parenting.
(415) 663-5488 View (415) 663-5488
Photo of Eileen Heo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Eileen Heo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I am skilled in treating clients with the following problems: work stress; depression and anxiety; post traumatic stress syndrome; domestic violence, physical, emotional and sexual abuse; issues of acculturation and inter-generational conflict; relationship and women's health; as well as aging, losses and bereavement.
I am skilled in treating clients with the following problems: work stress; depression and anxiety; post traumatic stress syndrome; domestic violence, physical, emotional and sexual abuse; issues of acculturation and inter-generational conflict; relationship and women's health; as well as aging, losses and bereavement.
(510) 860-4216 View (510) 860-4216
Photo of Shirin Shoai, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Shirin Shoai
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, L3 IFS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
If you often find yourself feeling out of place or struggling inside—even though other people think you have it all together—I can help. I work with individual adults who are familiar with psychotherapy and want deeper, root-level healing for symptoms related to anxiety and relational trauma. This can include concerns around relationships, life transitions, overthinking, people-pleasing, self-doubt, self-limiting beliefs and thought patterns, boundaries, and self-criticism. My style is active, spacious, and focused on supporting you in slowing down, tuning into yourself, and feeling the healing wisdom that thrives within you.
If you often find yourself feeling out of place or struggling inside—even though other people think you have it all together—I can help. I work with individual adults who are familiar with psychotherapy and want deeper, root-level healing for symptoms related to anxiety and relational trauma. This can include concerns around relationships, life transitions, overthinking, people-pleasing, self-doubt, self-limiting beliefs and thought patterns, boundaries, and self-criticism. My style is active, spacious, and focused on supporting you in slowing down, tuning into yourself, and feeling the healing wisdom that thrives within you.
(415) 366-8346 View (415) 366-8346
Photo of Dr. Meena Saleh in Oakland, CA
Dr. Meena Saleh
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I provide neuropsychological evaluations (testing) to adults with cognitive concerns, such as difficulty with memory, attention, multitasking, "slowing down," or changes in language or personality. I investigate neurological and/or psychiatric factors that may contribute to someone's condition. These evaluations allow for more precise diagnoses and prognoses (what to expect in the future). I provide services in English or Persian (Farsi), and I am well-experienced in working with professional translators for assessment in other languages (for example, Spanish or Cantonese).
I provide neuropsychological evaluations (testing) to adults with cognitive concerns, such as difficulty with memory, attention, multitasking, "slowing down," or changes in language or personality. I investigate neurological and/or psychiatric factors that may contribute to someone's condition. These evaluations allow for more precise diagnoses and prognoses (what to expect in the future). I provide services in English or Persian (Farsi), and I am well-experienced in working with professional translators for assessment in other languages (for example, Spanish or Cantonese).
(510) 988-5750 View (510) 988-5750
Photo of Jonathan Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jonathan Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
You’ve needed changes but for too long, your efforts get complicated by self-sabotage and triggered reactions. When triggered, you prefer to isolate and withdraw so you don’t need to worry more about straining your relationships. You’ve had to be self-reliant for so long that you can’t imagine asking for what you need without feeling selfish or worrying about burdening others. Much of your attention is preoccupied with anticipating harm or preventing social rejection. You know that you’re self-aware and knowledgeable about your struggles. But you don’t know how to implement the steps towards actual deep, lasting healing and change.
You’ve needed changes but for too long, your efforts get complicated by self-sabotage and triggered reactions. When triggered, you prefer to isolate and withdraw so you don’t need to worry more about straining your relationships. You’ve had to be self-reliant for so long that you can’t imagine asking for what you need without feeling selfish or worrying about burdening others. Much of your attention is preoccupied with anticipating harm or preventing social rejection. You know that you’re self-aware and knowledgeable about your struggles. But you don’t know how to implement the steps towards actual deep, lasting healing and change.
(510) 930-3465 View (510) 930-3465
Photo of Shirley Wong, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Shirley Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MASW, MAC, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety? If you find it difficult to make friends or experience loneliness, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address your difficulties and build meaningful social connections. I am there to walk beside you, listen and offer you my insights, and support you as together we look into whatever it is you bring. Counseling can help you to explore your difficulties and understand the emotions behind them. The process aims to help you find ways of managing your life, perhaps by seeing things differently or gaining a deeper understanding.
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety? If you find it difficult to make friends or experience loneliness, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address your difficulties and build meaningful social connections. I am there to walk beside you, listen and offer you my insights, and support you as together we look into whatever it is you bring. Counseling can help you to explore your difficulties and understand the emotions behind them. The process aims to help you find ways of managing your life, perhaps by seeing things differently or gaining a deeper understanding.
(510) 737-5476 View (510) 737-5476
Photo of Nanyonjo Mukungu, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Nanyonjo Mukungu
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
My framework as a psychotherapist is inspired by black feminist sci-fi writer, Octavia E. Butler who saw the possibility of many more worlds than just our own. I believe that transformative internal healing is critical to envisioning and building these worlds without the presence of imperialism, white supremacy, capitalism and cishet-patriarchy. The tools I use to support the exploration of individual, interpersonal and intergenerational trauma are shaped by abolition that rejects punitive and scarcity mindsets and disability justice which strives to value every body.
My framework as a psychotherapist is inspired by black feminist sci-fi writer, Octavia E. Butler who saw the possibility of many more worlds than just our own. I believe that transformative internal healing is critical to envisioning and building these worlds without the presence of imperialism, white supremacy, capitalism and cishet-patriarchy. The tools I use to support the exploration of individual, interpersonal and intergenerational trauma are shaped by abolition that rejects punitive and scarcity mindsets and disability justice which strives to value every body.
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Photo of Violet Alcantar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Violet Alcantar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Therapy isn’t always easy, which is why feeling comfortable and safe with your therapist is most important to your success. I take a collaborative approach in therapy, starting where you are and working together to make positive changes. You are in the driver's seat and help to establish meaningful goals for your treatment.
Therapy isn’t always easy, which is why feeling comfortable and safe with your therapist is most important to your success. I take a collaborative approach in therapy, starting where you are and working together to make positive changes. You are in the driver's seat and help to establish meaningful goals for your treatment.
(510) 974-7884 View (510) 974-7884
Photo of Terri J Brenneman, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Terri J Brenneman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
(510) 573-7350 View (510) 573-7350
Photo of Jillian Settle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jillian Settle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Hi there! Welcome. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting adults, children, and families. At this time, I work with adults in 1:1 therapy sessions with the primary goal of creating a safe and supportive environment for you to process challenging feelings and thoughts as well as explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are trying times, and I applaud your courage in taking the first step!
Hi there! Welcome. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting adults, children, and families. At this time, I work with adults in 1:1 therapy sessions with the primary goal of creating a safe and supportive environment for you to process challenging feelings and thoughts as well as explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are trying times, and I applaud your courage in taking the first step!
(510) 405-3898 View (510) 405-3898
Photo of Cassandra Wells, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cassandra Wells
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I am a Black therapist with about 10 years of experience working with a wide breadth of clients from various cultural backgrounds and diversities. I primarily work from a Cognitive Behavioral background looking at how your thoughts can influence your feelings and behaviors and developing coping skills to manage thoughts and better regulate feelings. My main goal in therapy is to meet the client where they are at and provide treatment and support based on the goals and needs of the client. I am very energetic, positive, and down to earth while also being mindful to match my client’s energy and personality.
I am a Black therapist with about 10 years of experience working with a wide breadth of clients from various cultural backgrounds and diversities. I primarily work from a Cognitive Behavioral background looking at how your thoughts can influence your feelings and behaviors and developing coping skills to manage thoughts and better regulate feelings. My main goal in therapy is to meet the client where they are at and provide treatment and support based on the goals and needs of the client. I am very energetic, positive, and down to earth while also being mindful to match my client’s energy and personality.
(510) 630-1007 View (510) 630-1007
Photo of Jennifer Fatzler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Fatzler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Welcome. Are you repeating the same patterns and don't understand why? Have you attempted to change only to find yourself in the same situations with the same problems? I am a CA licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping people address their mental health needs and to improve their relationships and their quality of life. I am educated and trained in both psychodynamic and family systems therapy which informs my work.
Welcome. Are you repeating the same patterns and don't understand why? Have you attempted to change only to find yourself in the same situations with the same problems? I am a CA licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping people address their mental health needs and to improve their relationships and their quality of life. I am educated and trained in both psychodynamic and family systems therapy which informs my work.
(510) 945-1007 View (510) 945-1007
Photo of Jocelyn Lam, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jocelyn Lam
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
I work with folks in the intersection of being neurodivergent, BIPOC and queer to navigate the oppressive structures that prevent us from expressing ourselves authentically. Together we can process intergenerational trauma to truly meet your needs. My areas of focus include conscious parenting, eating disorders, and postpartum/perinatal mental health. In our therapeutic relationship, genuine, empathetic care and connection come first. I understand that healing is not only individual but also systemic.
I work with folks in the intersection of being neurodivergent, BIPOC and queer to navigate the oppressive structures that prevent us from expressing ourselves authentically. Together we can process intergenerational trauma to truly meet your needs. My areas of focus include conscious parenting, eating disorders, and postpartum/perinatal mental health. In our therapeutic relationship, genuine, empathetic care and connection come first. I understand that healing is not only individual but also systemic.
(650) 249-7703 View (650) 249-7703
Photo of Sara Rabinovitch, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Sara Rabinovitch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Welcome! It is so nice to meet you. I work best with clients who are motivated to change and looking for a short-term and skills-based approach. You can expect sharp clinical precision, collaboration, deep human kindness, realness, and radical open-mindedness. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and professor at USC Keck School of Medicine. I am also a certified Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) teacher with 15+ years of formal mindfulness training. I specialize in research-supported Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based therapies.
Welcome! It is so nice to meet you. I work best with clients who are motivated to change and looking for a short-term and skills-based approach. You can expect sharp clinical precision, collaboration, deep human kindness, realness, and radical open-mindedness. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and professor at USC Keck School of Medicine. I am also a certified Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) teacher with 15+ years of formal mindfulness training. I specialize in research-supported Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based therapies.
(510) 619-2297 View (510) 619-2297
Photo of Stephanie Kaufman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stephanie Kaufman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Not accepting new clients
In every phase of life, we are presented with new challenges: stress, issues at work, challenging relationships, feeling stuck, depression, difficulties with your kids, difficulties with your parents, pain, loss, anxiety, fear. It is not always easy to manage these challenges when they come our way, and sometimes we just need some support in processing it all, and figuring out what to do next. Everyone needs support, therapy is for everyone. In my practice, I want to get to know you, understand your challenges, understand your needs, and understand your goals. Together we can work toward overcoming the challenges you are facing.
In every phase of life, we are presented with new challenges: stress, issues at work, challenging relationships, feeling stuck, depression, difficulties with your kids, difficulties with your parents, pain, loss, anxiety, fear. It is not always easy to manage these challenges when they come our way, and sometimes we just need some support in processing it all, and figuring out what to do next. Everyone needs support, therapy is for everyone. In my practice, I want to get to know you, understand your challenges, understand your needs, and understand your goals. Together we can work toward overcoming the challenges you are facing.
(650) 480-1920 View (650) 480-1920
Photo of Alex Tipton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Alex Tipton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
(415) 322-5279 View (415) 322-5279

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.