Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Jessica Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jessica Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Welcome! My therapy practice is explorative, supportive, and transformative; my clients appreciate both their breakthrough moments and steady progress towards larger goals. No matter what, I anchor each session in acceptance. It's so important that you feel I am rooting for you, however you show up or whatever you choose. I only ask for you to be brave enough to explore your inner world with honesty. Together, we will approach your healing through deeper connection with your emotions and body. Remember, healing is possible wherever you are in your journey. You just have to choose it.
Welcome! My therapy practice is explorative, supportive, and transformative; my clients appreciate both their breakthrough moments and steady progress towards larger goals. No matter what, I anchor each session in acceptance. It's so important that you feel I am rooting for you, however you show up or whatever you choose. I only ask for you to be brave enough to explore your inner world with honesty. Together, we will approach your healing through deeper connection with your emotions and body. Remember, healing is possible wherever you are in your journey. You just have to choose it.
(341) 999-7167 View (341) 999-7167
Photo of Sonja Baumer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sonja Baumer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708
I have over 10 years of clinical experience in outpatient clinics, schools, private practice, and humanitarian organizations. My practice has been informed by clinical training and extensive academic background in developmental psychology. It also incorporates my life experience in coping with challenges of immigration, parenthood, career transitions and aging. I believe that healing entails personal growth. You may need to develop a new awareness, an insight, or a specific coping skill to resolve your problem. I provide a safe space for you to explore what is that you need in order to live a more productive and enjoyable life.
I have over 10 years of clinical experience in outpatient clinics, schools, private practice, and humanitarian organizations. My practice has been informed by clinical training and extensive academic background in developmental psychology. It also incorporates my life experience in coping with challenges of immigration, parenthood, career transitions and aging. I believe that healing entails personal growth. You may need to develop a new awareness, an insight, or a specific coping skill to resolve your problem. I provide a safe space for you to explore what is that you need in order to live a more productive and enjoyable life.
(858) 922-3855 View (858) 922-3855
Photo of Ever After Individual and Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ever After Individual and Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702  (Online Only)
Are you stressed, worried, or struggling with your day to day feelings? Are you seeking support and guidance on your journey towards a happier and more fulfilling life? Welcome to Ever After, we provide a safe and nurturing space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. We understand that life's challenges can leave us feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain, but we believe that everyone has the strength within themselves to overcome obstacles and achieve personal growth.
Are you stressed, worried, or struggling with your day to day feelings? Are you seeking support and guidance on your journey towards a happier and more fulfilling life? Welcome to Ever After, we provide a safe and nurturing space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. We understand that life's challenges can leave us feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain, but we believe that everyone has the strength within themselves to overcome obstacles and achieve personal growth.
(925) 406-3091 View (925) 406-3091
Photo of Josh Kirsch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Josh Kirsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94702  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Up all night tossing and turning? Worried and preoccupied with sleep? Worried your lack of sleep might be harming you? This is another area we can work on. I know your time is valuable so I will work with you to provide the right amount of support, so you can maintain these changes on your own. Not sure if you are drinking too much? Maybe your partner thinks so, but you are not so sure. Has your cannabis use increased since COVID? I can help you to evaluate your concerns and experiment with change. I can also help with anxiety, depression, and life transitions.
Up all night tossing and turning? Worried and preoccupied with sleep? Worried your lack of sleep might be harming you? This is another area we can work on. I know your time is valuable so I will work with you to provide the right amount of support, so you can maintain these changes on your own. Not sure if you are drinking too much? Maybe your partner thinks so, but you are not so sure. Has your cannabis use increased since COVID? I can help you to evaluate your concerns and experiment with change. I can also help with anxiety, depression, and life transitions.
(510) 650-0337 View (510) 650-0337
Photo of Hannah Wedgley Nystrom, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Hannah Wedgley Nystrom
Psychologist, PhD, Analyst
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Has Covid changed you? Are you looking at 2023 and wanting to make significant life changes, but aren't sure how? Perhaps it feels too big, too overwhelming, to even begin. You may find yourself frustrated with yourself, knowing you need to make changes but not sure how to start. Good therapy can be the floor under your feet to get yourself unstuck, and to begin to really understand what has been been holding you back!
Has Covid changed you? Are you looking at 2023 and wanting to make significant life changes, but aren't sure how? Perhaps it feels too big, too overwhelming, to even begin. You may find yourself frustrated with yourself, knowing you need to make changes but not sure how to start. Good therapy can be the floor under your feet to get yourself unstuck, and to begin to really understand what has been been holding you back!
(650) 209-7805 View (650) 209-7805
Photo of Nathan Michael, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nathan Michael
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Life can be hard. Sometimes we feel stuck. It may be that recent events, difficult feelings or relationship challenges are making it clear that some things are not working. It could be that stress, worry or confusion have felt overwhelming and lead to unhelpful patterns with yourself and the others you care most about. Within the frameworks of relational psychodynamic and somatic psychotherapy I offer a warm, supportive presence so you can explore whats difficult, hone your strengths and become more fully yourself.
Life can be hard. Sometimes we feel stuck. It may be that recent events, difficult feelings or relationship challenges are making it clear that some things are not working. It could be that stress, worry or confusion have felt overwhelming and lead to unhelpful patterns with yourself and the others you care most about. Within the frameworks of relational psychodynamic and somatic psychotherapy I offer a warm, supportive presence so you can explore whats difficult, hone your strengths and become more fully yourself.
(415) 792-1901 View (415) 792-1901
Photo of Ryan Gertz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Ryan Gertz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I provide healing support to individuals, couples and children who want a sense of control over their lives, deeply understand themselves, to connect with meaning and embodiment. Challenges I work with are trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, identity issues, mens issues, ADHD/Autism/neurodivergence, eco-anxiety and psychedelic integration. I help couples recognize repeating patterns, substituting defensiveness with clear vulnerable communication, and strengthen intimacy.
I provide healing support to individuals, couples and children who want a sense of control over their lives, deeply understand themselves, to connect with meaning and embodiment. Challenges I work with are trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, identity issues, mens issues, ADHD/Autism/neurodivergence, eco-anxiety and psychedelic integration. I help couples recognize repeating patterns, substituting defensiveness with clear vulnerable communication, and strengthen intimacy.
(341) 444-2650 View (341) 444-2650
Photo of Marlen Kanagui-Muñoz, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Marlen Kanagui-Muñoz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Whether addressing the debilitating impact of anxiety and depression or unraveling complex relationship issues, I am dedicated to assisting my clients in achieving meaningful growth and transformation. I believe that we can meet our challenges with self-compassion and resilience and in this way, return to ourselves and what we value. My background integrates experience from 10+ years in integrated mental healthcare, teaching and research, and specialized training in multicultural psychology.
Whether addressing the debilitating impact of anxiety and depression or unraveling complex relationship issues, I am dedicated to assisting my clients in achieving meaningful growth and transformation. I believe that we can meet our challenges with self-compassion and resilience and in this way, return to ourselves and what we value. My background integrates experience from 10+ years in integrated mental healthcare, teaching and research, and specialized training in multicultural psychology.
(510) 447-1542 View (510) 447-1542
Photo of Caitlin Finnell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Caitlin Finnell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
While I work with a diversity of people, I specialize in working with LGBTQ individuals, couples and youth. As a Marriage and Family psychotherapist, I seek to help my clients find their way through the hardships that life can bring. I believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship as well as each individual having the power to heal themselves. I believe in a strength based, solution focused approach to therapy and work with my clients to not only overcome their current circumstances but to also develop tools and strategies that they can use moving forward in their lives.
While I work with a diversity of people, I specialize in working with LGBTQ individuals, couples and youth. As a Marriage and Family psychotherapist, I seek to help my clients find their way through the hardships that life can bring. I believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship as well as each individual having the power to heal themselves. I believe in a strength based, solution focused approach to therapy and work with my clients to not only overcome their current circumstances but to also develop tools and strategies that they can use moving forward in their lives.
(415) 630-6595 View (415) 630-6595
Photo of Stephanie McCarty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Stephanie McCarty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I have worked in health and human services in different parts of California for the past 25 years. I have specifically worked with people who need support around housing and food insecurity, opioid use or dependency, as well as child welfare and grief or loss. I have a good understanding of social services and mental health resources in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially Contra Costa County. I have been providing virtual therapy since January 2021.
I have worked in health and human services in different parts of California for the past 25 years. I have specifically worked with people who need support around housing and food insecurity, opioid use or dependency, as well as child welfare and grief or loss. I have a good understanding of social services and mental health resources in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially Contra Costa County. I have been providing virtual therapy since January 2021.
(415) 801-0106 View (415) 801-0106
Photo of Elizabeth Starmann, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Elizabeth Starmann
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Now accepting new clients. Navigating life with other human beings can be challenging. I work with individuals, couples and partners who are struggling with relationship challenges and life transitions. This includes helping couples with repetitive fights, affairs, non-traditional relationships and life decisions. Work with individuals includes cultivating relationships, dating challenges, finding purpose and transitions (career, moving, loss). My aim is help you figure out what is getting in the way and provide tools to get you where you’d like to be. I bring warmth, hope, openness and a non-judgmental approach.
Now accepting new clients. Navigating life with other human beings can be challenging. I work with individuals, couples and partners who are struggling with relationship challenges and life transitions. This includes helping couples with repetitive fights, affairs, non-traditional relationships and life decisions. Work with individuals includes cultivating relationships, dating challenges, finding purpose and transitions (career, moving, loss). My aim is help you figure out what is getting in the way and provide tools to get you where you’d like to be. I bring warmth, hope, openness and a non-judgmental approach.
(341) 895-5752 View (341) 895-5752
Photo of Rosalie Stillford, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Rosalie Stillford
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a trauma-informed, somatic therapist passionate about supporting and empowering adults, teens, and children through therapy. I have a special interest in working with adults and teens on: complex & acute trauma, emotion regulation, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, grief, and life transitions. With children, I treat: anger, traumatic events, adjusting to change, general/social/separation anxiety, friendship, bullying, frequent arguing, school-based issues, OCD, and PANS/PANDAS, and more. I am affirming of those who are queer, gender-nonconforming, kink, and in poly/ENM/non-traditional relationship structures.
I am a trauma-informed, somatic therapist passionate about supporting and empowering adults, teens, and children through therapy. I have a special interest in working with adults and teens on: complex & acute trauma, emotion regulation, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, grief, and life transitions. With children, I treat: anger, traumatic events, adjusting to change, general/social/separation anxiety, friendship, bullying, frequent arguing, school-based issues, OCD, and PANS/PANDAS, and more. I am affirming of those who are queer, gender-nonconforming, kink, and in poly/ENM/non-traditional relationship structures.
(510) 279-4533 View (510) 279-4533
Photo of Katie Lieberman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Katie Lieberman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS Ed, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Hi. My name is Katie and I'm so glad you found me. I am here to support you on your journey - whatever that might look like. Clients say that they are surprised at how quickly they can be themselves when they work with me. Let's learn to set boundaries, develop self-compassion, identify your values, and assert your power!
Hi. My name is Katie and I'm so glad you found me. I am here to support you on your journey - whatever that might look like. Clients say that they are surprised at how quickly they can be themselves when they work with me. Let's learn to set boundaries, develop self-compassion, identify your values, and assert your power!
(510) 800-7816 View (510) 800-7816
Photo of Lesley Cherry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lesley Cherry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Life can resemble an ocean. Distress may seem like waves coming ashore, back and forth, sometimes so large they knock us off balance. In one's pursuit of discovering calm waters, the unforeseen tides of life can make peace and relief difficult to grasp. The silver lining is that you don't have to navigate these waters alone. Whether your goal is to heal, process grief and loss, repair a relationship, navigate difficult life transitions, better manage your emotions, address unprocessed trauma, unpack racial and cultural life factors, experience relief from depression and anxiety or to just rediscover YOU, hope is here for you!
Life can resemble an ocean. Distress may seem like waves coming ashore, back and forth, sometimes so large they knock us off balance. In one's pursuit of discovering calm waters, the unforeseen tides of life can make peace and relief difficult to grasp. The silver lining is that you don't have to navigate these waters alone. Whether your goal is to heal, process grief and loss, repair a relationship, navigate difficult life transitions, better manage your emotions, address unprocessed trauma, unpack racial and cultural life factors, experience relief from depression and anxiety or to just rediscover YOU, hope is here for you!
(510) 892-2867 View (510) 892-2867
Photo of Laura Muzaffar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Laura Muzaffar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Stepping into therapy isn't easy. Being highly visible to another human takes courage, so I commend you for reaching out for support! I want to be a reparative, healing presence in your life and to empower you to have the life you deserve. I work with adolescents, adults and couples. Both individual, and couples, work encompasses gaining insight about early childhood attachment, and also identifying, and shifting, problematic ways of coping and communicating. My style is relational, warm and I am trauma informed. I see clients both in person, and virtually, and have flexible appointment times (Day, Evening and Weekend).
Stepping into therapy isn't easy. Being highly visible to another human takes courage, so I commend you for reaching out for support! I want to be a reparative, healing presence in your life and to empower you to have the life you deserve. I work with adolescents, adults and couples. Both individual, and couples, work encompasses gaining insight about early childhood attachment, and also identifying, and shifting, problematic ways of coping and communicating. My style is relational, warm and I am trauma informed. I see clients both in person, and virtually, and have flexible appointment times (Day, Evening and Weekend).
(510) 913-9383 View (510) 913-9383
Photo of Alli Yates, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Alli Yates
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
As a therapist with a focus on developmental trauma and working with queer and trans adults and teens, I believe that early life experiences and ongoing structural contexts immensely inform our relationship to ourselves and each other. I hold this framework with my background in somatic psychotherapy, which considers the ways our bodies and nervous systems relate to our emotions and experiences. There is no one way to relate to the past, embody our feelings, or find healing. In therapy, we find a way for you together. My role is to hold consistent curiosity, rigor, and care throughout the process of your own self-discovery.
As a therapist with a focus on developmental trauma and working with queer and trans adults and teens, I believe that early life experiences and ongoing structural contexts immensely inform our relationship to ourselves and each other. I hold this framework with my background in somatic psychotherapy, which considers the ways our bodies and nervous systems relate to our emotions and experiences. There is no one way to relate to the past, embody our feelings, or find healing. In therapy, we find a way for you together. My role is to hold consistent curiosity, rigor, and care throughout the process of your own self-discovery.
(510) 288-3582 View (510) 288-3582
Photo of Susan Ryan, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Susan Ryan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Whether you are experiencing anxiety, low mood, trauma, or noticing relationship patterns you want to change, we can join forces to understand what’s beneath your difficulties so you can grieve losses, live more freely, deepen your relationships, and feel better.
Whether you are experiencing anxiety, low mood, trauma, or noticing relationship patterns you want to change, we can join forces to understand what’s beneath your difficulties so you can grieve losses, live more freely, deepen your relationships, and feel better.
(341) 999-3350 View (341) 999-3350
Photo of L. Darlene Pratt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
L. Darlene Pratt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Your choice to work with a therapist can be an enriching experience. You are bringing your unique challenges and/or quests into a collaborative relationship. I can assist you whether your desired changes are explicit or are awaiting discovery in a process of exploration. I have extensive experience in Relational Therapy, Individual Therapy, Anger Management, Sex Addiction, Depression and Trauma. Perhaps a Life-Style Coach or a Transpersonal guide is what you seek at this life cycle stage--I can help and change can come.
Your choice to work with a therapist can be an enriching experience. You are bringing your unique challenges and/or quests into a collaborative relationship. I can assist you whether your desired changes are explicit or are awaiting discovery in a process of exploration. I have extensive experience in Relational Therapy, Individual Therapy, Anger Management, Sex Addiction, Depression and Trauma. Perhaps a Life-Style Coach or a Transpersonal guide is what you seek at this life cycle stage--I can help and change can come.
(510) 401-3700 View (510) 401-3700
Photo of Tom Schluckebier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Tom Schluckebier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Since 1982 I’ve been fortunate to work with diverse clients & issues, starting in college as a peer sexuality counselor. After college I saw psychiatric & chemical dependency clients for some years. In grad school I trained in employee & family therapy, then came to the SF area in 1993. Here I’ve had extensive clinical experience, as well as training in hypnosis, interfaith spirituality, & coaching. Now part-time, I stay selectively up to date on evolving news & popular culture that affect us all. My values include health, mindfulness, the arts, and conservation. This background creates an adaptable, effective approach with clients.
Since 1982 I’ve been fortunate to work with diverse clients & issues, starting in college as a peer sexuality counselor. After college I saw psychiatric & chemical dependency clients for some years. In grad school I trained in employee & family therapy, then came to the SF area in 1993. Here I’ve had extensive clinical experience, as well as training in hypnosis, interfaith spirituality, & coaching. Now part-time, I stay selectively up to date on evolving news & popular culture that affect us all. My values include health, mindfulness, the arts, and conservation. This background creates an adaptable, effective approach with clients.
(341) 895-6269 View (341) 895-6269
Photo of Lori Goldman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lori Goldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am direct, genuine and collaborative, and bring a natural curiosity and empathy to my work with clients. I use a relational depth-oriented therapeutic approach with a focus on present moment bodily and emotional experience to help my clients work through hard places, release emotional blocks and feel more creative and free in their lives.
I am direct, genuine and collaborative, and bring a natural curiosity and empathy to my work with clients. I use a relational depth-oriented therapeutic approach with a focus on present moment bodily and emotional experience to help my clients work through hard places, release emotional blocks and feel more creative and free in their lives.
(510) 901-4487 View (510) 901-4487

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.