Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Athena Panzar, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Athena Panzar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist providing compassionate evidenced-based psychotherapy to adults in the Bay Area. I specialize in helping people with difficulties like depression, anxiety, work stress, relationship problems, life transitions including pregnancy and parenthood, health problems and pain conditions. Through my work I aim to help people improve their well-being, self-fulfillment, health and relationships. I enjoy my work as a therapist immensely and feel honored to be given the opportunity to work with people during some of the more challenging times of their lives.
I am a licensed psychologist providing compassionate evidenced-based psychotherapy to adults in the Bay Area. I specialize in helping people with difficulties like depression, anxiety, work stress, relationship problems, life transitions including pregnancy and parenthood, health problems and pain conditions. Through my work I aim to help people improve their well-being, self-fulfillment, health and relationships. I enjoy my work as a therapist immensely and feel honored to be given the opportunity to work with people during some of the more challenging times of their lives.
(925) 568-8951 View (925) 568-8951
Photo of Mary-Jo Foresta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mary-Jo Foresta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I believe what leads people to seek therapy is the feeling of uncertainty about life choices, the ineffective behavioral and thinking patterns that are acted on over and over again. These patterns can show up in our relationship to ourselves, to substances, and especially to others. I approach therapy with the genuine belief that all people are worthy and capable of breaking these patterns and creating healthy relationships with themselves, with others and creating an authentic life.
I believe what leads people to seek therapy is the feeling of uncertainty about life choices, the ineffective behavioral and thinking patterns that are acted on over and over again. These patterns can show up in our relationship to ourselves, to substances, and especially to others. I approach therapy with the genuine belief that all people are worthy and capable of breaking these patterns and creating healthy relationships with themselves, with others and creating an authentic life.
(415) 634-5722 View (415) 634-5722
Photo of Eve Aceves, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Eve Aceves
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
I integrate mindfulness, somatic awareness, and traditional psychotherapy to help clients explore what's getting in the way of living fully. Rather than approaching therapy as a form of "self-improvement," I see it as a way to reclaim authenticity and a sense of wholeness and aliveness. I'll support you in trusting and valuing yourself as you are, and, at the same time, encourage you to explore new ways of relating to others and being in the world, helping you recognize more possibility. My approach is compassionate, interactive, collaborative and emphasizes empathy as a prelude to change and relief. Licensed since 2011.
I integrate mindfulness, somatic awareness, and traditional psychotherapy to help clients explore what's getting in the way of living fully. Rather than approaching therapy as a form of "self-improvement," I see it as a way to reclaim authenticity and a sense of wholeness and aliveness. I'll support you in trusting and valuing yourself as you are, and, at the same time, encourage you to explore new ways of relating to others and being in the world, helping you recognize more possibility. My approach is compassionate, interactive, collaborative and emphasizes empathy as a prelude to change and relief. Licensed since 2011.
(510) 988-5319 View (510) 988-5319
Photo of Barbara Hooks, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Hooks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
(530) 250-4129 View (530) 250-4129
Photo of Nancy Sarah Rothschild, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nancy Sarah Rothschild
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Waitlist for new clients
As a long-time practitioner, my way of working has evolved from a more traditional dynamic approach to a deep interest in the bridge between mind/body spiritual traditions and contemporary psychology. I have much varied experience working with both men and women who struggle with the challenges of loneliness and living a conscious, fulfilling and spontaneous life. If you are feeling stressed, or if anxiety or depression have you wrestling with problems that never seem to resolve, perhaps it's time to turn for help to a compassionate and engaged therapist.
As a long-time practitioner, my way of working has evolved from a more traditional dynamic approach to a deep interest in the bridge between mind/body spiritual traditions and contemporary psychology. I have much varied experience working with both men and women who struggle with the challenges of loneliness and living a conscious, fulfilling and spontaneous life. If you are feeling stressed, or if anxiety or depression have you wrestling with problems that never seem to resolve, perhaps it's time to turn for help to a compassionate and engaged therapist.
(510) 730-3867 View (510) 730-3867
Photo of Melissa Rapp, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Melissa Rapp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I work with individuals and couples to help reduce struggles and find ways to live more fulfilling, gratifying lives. Our relationship is the context in which we work to find where you're stuck, what's getting in your way, and ways to do things differently. My specialty areas include grief and loss, adoption, ADHD, race/class issues, work/life balance, LGBTQ issues, and divorce. I help people manage anxiety and mood problems. I help couples with concerns related to parenting, managing conflict, and addressing needs and expectations. I see communication as the grease that keeps relationships running smoothly, and I help facilitate good communication.
I work with individuals and couples to help reduce struggles and find ways to live more fulfilling, gratifying lives. Our relationship is the context in which we work to find where you're stuck, what's getting in your way, and ways to do things differently. My specialty areas include grief and loss, adoption, ADHD, race/class issues, work/life balance, LGBTQ issues, and divorce. I help people manage anxiety and mood problems. I help couples with concerns related to parenting, managing conflict, and addressing needs and expectations. I see communication as the grease that keeps relationships running smoothly, and I help facilitate good communication.
(510) 822-7911 View (510) 822-7911
Photo of Jenny Randt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jenny Randt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Therapy with me involves working with the body as much as the mind. This can be challenging for some, but leads to long-term resolution and healing in a more complete, organic nature. Through Somatic Experiencing (SE), I have been trained to work with various forms of trauma (developmental, event specific, chronic/long-term) and the way in which our survival energy becomes trapped in our bodies. We embody our lived experience.
Therapy with me involves working with the body as much as the mind. This can be challenging for some, but leads to long-term resolution and healing in a more complete, organic nature. Through Somatic Experiencing (SE), I have been trained to work with various forms of trauma (developmental, event specific, chronic/long-term) and the way in which our survival energy becomes trapped in our bodies. We embody our lived experience.
(510) 319-1271 View (510) 319-1271
Photo of Madeline Girard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Madeline Girard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
It is my passion to support and walk alongside others as they explore the depths of their being- that which makes them truly unique. As a clinician, my holistic therapeutic approach is informed by the wisdom and strength that I derive from the body, nature, creative expression and deep inquiry. I am also relational in my orientation- bringing warmth, openness, curiosity, patience, and flexibility to my clients in order to support their dynamic needs as they emerge in the present. I see every individual as autonomous and worthy of respect, compassion and care.
It is my passion to support and walk alongside others as they explore the depths of their being- that which makes them truly unique. As a clinician, my holistic therapeutic approach is informed by the wisdom and strength that I derive from the body, nature, creative expression and deep inquiry. I am also relational in my orientation- bringing warmth, openness, curiosity, patience, and flexibility to my clients in order to support their dynamic needs as they emerge in the present. I see every individual as autonomous and worthy of respect, compassion and care.
(341) 888-6467 View (341) 888-6467
Photo of Joel Crohn, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Joel Crohn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a clinical psychologist in private practice who specializes in couples and family therapy. I have researched, written, and lectured nationally for mental health professionals and general audiences about relationships and cross-cultural issues in love and work for over 30 years.
I am a clinical psychologist in private practice who specializes in couples and family therapy. I have researched, written, and lectured nationally for mental health professionals and general audiences about relationships and cross-cultural issues in love and work for over 30 years.
(510) 545-9600 View (510) 545-9600
Photo of Elayne Savage, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Elayne Savage
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Rejection Hurts. Miscommunication leads to misunderstandings and hurt feelings, feeling disrespected and taking things personally. • Are you ‘filling in the blanks’ with your own assumptions? • Do feelings of rejection turn into self-blaming, shaming and self-rejection? • Is resentment growing in your work or personal relationships, barely leaving room for connection or intimacy? And if you are ADHD, you likely already know how rejection sensitivity affects you.• Consider how you will benefit from practicing respectfully direct communication and effective checking-out skills? • Let's tap into and enhance your resilience!
Rejection Hurts. Miscommunication leads to misunderstandings and hurt feelings, feeling disrespected and taking things personally. • Are you ‘filling in the blanks’ with your own assumptions? • Do feelings of rejection turn into self-blaming, shaming and self-rejection? • Is resentment growing in your work or personal relationships, barely leaving room for connection or intimacy? And if you are ADHD, you likely already know how rejection sensitivity affects you.• Consider how you will benefit from practicing respectfully direct communication and effective checking-out skills? • Let's tap into and enhance your resilience!
(510) 540-6230 View (510) 540-6230
Photo of Ryan Gertz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Ryan Gertz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I provide healing support to individuals, couples and children who want a sense of control over their lives, deeply understand themselves, to connect with meaning and embodiment. Challenges I work with are trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, identity issues, mens issues, ADHD/Autism/neurodivergence, eco-anxiety and psychedelic integration. I help couples recognize repeating patterns, substituting defensiveness with clear vulnerable communication, and strengthen intimacy.
I provide healing support to individuals, couples and children who want a sense of control over their lives, deeply understand themselves, to connect with meaning and embodiment. Challenges I work with are trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, identity issues, mens issues, ADHD/Autism/neurodivergence, eco-anxiety and psychedelic integration. I help couples recognize repeating patterns, substituting defensiveness with clear vulnerable communication, and strengthen intimacy.
(341) 444-2650 View (341) 444-2650
Adrian Reyes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
My practice is informed by social justice and my experience growing up as a first generation Filipino-American in the Bay Area.
My practice is informed by social justice and my experience growing up as a first generation Filipino-American in the Bay Area.
(510) 275-7649 View (510) 275-7649
Photo of Luis Alberto Alvarado, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Luis Alberto Alvarado
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Not accepting new clients
Clients reach out to therapists because they have a need to heal some aspect of themselves or their life. They are being challenged, as we all are, because each life is a Master Class and no one is born with an instruction manual. Carl Rogers firmly believed that the human being by design is striving towards wholeness, light and dark, good and bad. I have over 40 years of work with clients. I am conversant with religious and spiritual practices, both personal and in community. As a Latinx gay man, I am sensitive to intersectionality, internalized oppression, and immigrant trauma.
Clients reach out to therapists because they have a need to heal some aspect of themselves or their life. They are being challenged, as we all are, because each life is a Master Class and no one is born with an instruction manual. Carl Rogers firmly believed that the human being by design is striving towards wholeness, light and dark, good and bad. I have over 40 years of work with clients. I am conversant with religious and spiritual practices, both personal and in community. As a Latinx gay man, I am sensitive to intersectionality, internalized oppression, and immigrant trauma.
(510) 405-3536 View (510) 405-3536
Photo of Rosanna Franklin, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Rosanna Franklin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I enjoy working with adults from diverse backgrounds who seek to improve the quality of their lives. Is there a place you find yourself stuck? Have you tried all you can and still find yourself in emotional pain? Do you have some insight into what may be happening, but want to seek professional support to grow and thrive? Whether you are familiar with counseling or not, each person's therapeutic journey is unique. Some people come with a specific goal in mind and others prefer a longer supportive therapy, traversing the many layers and aspects of their life.
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I enjoy working with adults from diverse backgrounds who seek to improve the quality of their lives. Is there a place you find yourself stuck? Have you tried all you can and still find yourself in emotional pain? Do you have some insight into what may be happening, but want to seek professional support to grow and thrive? Whether you are familiar with counseling or not, each person's therapeutic journey is unique. Some people come with a specific goal in mind and others prefer a longer supportive therapy, traversing the many layers and aspects of their life.
(341) 222-3597 View (341) 222-3597
Photo of Gail Tennant, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Gail Tennant
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I have created a unique approach to helping people change. My goal is to honor and respect your individuality and to empower you to access your internal resources and infinite potential for growth and healing. I use hypnosis, guided imagery, dream work, somatic awareness and meditation as well as psychodynamic, cognitive and behavioral approaches. I will make you a tape and teach you to use hypnosis to overcome anxiety and depression, stop smoking, change unwanted habits, control pain, improve performance, enhance self-esteem and deepen spirituality.
I have created a unique approach to helping people change. My goal is to honor and respect your individuality and to empower you to access your internal resources and infinite potential for growth and healing. I use hypnosis, guided imagery, dream work, somatic awareness and meditation as well as psychodynamic, cognitive and behavioral approaches. I will make you a tape and teach you to use hypnosis to overcome anxiety and depression, stop smoking, change unwanted habits, control pain, improve performance, enhance self-esteem and deepen spirituality.
(510) 470-7377 View (510) 470-7377
Photo of Scott Leiker, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Berkeley, CA
Scott Leiker
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
If you are struggling with finding meaning in your life, accessing basic joy and peace of mind, and wanting to build deep relationships with others, I want to help. My aim is to make sure you feel heard, and that we work on what you want to work on. I welcome you to address anxiety, addiction, trauma, depression, and pain in relationships in a way that will free you up to pursue your goals and realize your dreams and bring more love into your life.
If you are struggling with finding meaning in your life, accessing basic joy and peace of mind, and wanting to build deep relationships with others, I want to help. My aim is to make sure you feel heard, and that we work on what you want to work on. I welcome you to address anxiety, addiction, trauma, depression, and pain in relationships in a way that will free you up to pursue your goals and realize your dreams and bring more love into your life.
(510) 398-4620 x541 View (510) 398-4620 x541
Photo of Nashira Funn Kayode, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nashira Funn Kayode
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I think we all have moments where we feel like we don't fit in. I decided to embrace that feeling. I help my clients promote and accept that feeling of otherness through the therapeutic process. After all, that has to be what makes us each unique. The principles of authenticity, self-love, self-care, self-acceptance, believing in oneself, operating from a place of integrity, and self-determination are important factors in healing and wellness.
I think we all have moments where we feel like we don't fit in. I decided to embrace that feeling. I help my clients promote and accept that feeling of otherness through the therapeutic process. After all, that has to be what makes us each unique. The principles of authenticity, self-love, self-care, self-acceptance, believing in oneself, operating from a place of integrity, and self-determination are important factors in healing and wellness.
(415) 449-4838 View (415) 449-4838
Photo of Virginia Gale Bennett, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Virginia Gale Bennett
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
As a psychologist, I provide a bridge between traditional psychotherapy and alternative modalities, in a highly individualized approach.Hypnotherapy integrated with psychotherapy can effectively reduce stress and anxiety, while resolving issues of relationships, career, health, or self-development. Hypnosis is a natural way to empower you to "change your brain." Release negative beliefs, shift self-defeating habits to life enhancing ones, discover your "source self" and utilize creative inner resources that you may not even be aware you have.
As a psychologist, I provide a bridge between traditional psychotherapy and alternative modalities, in a highly individualized approach.Hypnotherapy integrated with psychotherapy can effectively reduce stress and anxiety, while resolving issues of relationships, career, health, or self-development. Hypnosis is a natural way to empower you to "change your brain." Release negative beliefs, shift self-defeating habits to life enhancing ones, discover your "source self" and utilize creative inner resources that you may not even be aware you have.
(341) 888-7688 View (341) 888-7688
Photo of Catherine Valdez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Catherine Valdez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
In this time of Covid I am providing therapy by phone, FaceTime or Zoom. We are all dealing with the unique emotional and physical impact of this time You may be feeling overwhelmed with feelings of sadness, worry, loss, despair, anger, fear, or confusion. These feelings may be personal or within your relationships. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgemental place where we can work together to understand the meaning of your experience and how to realize your goals for a happier life and for loving relationships. We can address emotional problems, communication, parenting, illness, grief, addiction, and intimacy issues.
In this time of Covid I am providing therapy by phone, FaceTime or Zoom. We are all dealing with the unique emotional and physical impact of this time You may be feeling overwhelmed with feelings of sadness, worry, loss, despair, anger, fear, or confusion. These feelings may be personal or within your relationships. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgemental place where we can work together to understand the meaning of your experience and how to realize your goals for a happier life and for loving relationships. We can address emotional problems, communication, parenting, illness, grief, addiction, and intimacy issues.
(510) 878-5325 View (510) 878-5325
Photo of Natalya Kuzmicheva, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Natalya Kuzmicheva
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703  (Online Only)
Every patient is unique, and so is every therapist. I have lived and practiced therapy in two very different cultures, which has given me insight into culturally specific and universal issues that underlie personal and interpersonal conflicts. I approach every client with acceptance and understanding, providing them with a compassionate space for exploring challenges and obstacles to happiness in themselves and their relationships. I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, seeking to understand each client's worldview and to help them to discover their own solutions to the difficulties they face, including anxiety, depression, and relationship conflicts.
Every patient is unique, and so is every therapist. I have lived and practiced therapy in two very different cultures, which has given me insight into culturally specific and universal issues that underlie personal and interpersonal conflicts. I approach every client with acceptance and understanding, providing them with a compassionate space for exploring challenges and obstacles to happiness in themselves and their relationships. I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, seeking to understand each client's worldview and to help them to discover their own solutions to the difficulties they face, including anxiety, depression, and relationship conflicts.
(858) 352-7322 View (858) 352-7322

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.