Therapists in Glastonbury, CT

Photo of Synergy Psychology Group, LLC, Psychologist in Glastonbury, CT
Synergy Psychology Group, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Synergy Psychology Group is a small private practice located in Glastonbury, Connecticut offering individualized and creative approaches to understanding problems and their solutions. Synergy provides diverse services to meet the needs of clients including psychotherapy for individuals and couples. Synergy additionally conducts psychological evaluations, consultations, and workshops. Our Team: Clinical Psychologist and owner Kristen Helin, Psy.D. and associate Courtney Chan, Licensed Clinical Social Worker
Synergy Psychology Group is a small private practice located in Glastonbury, Connecticut offering individualized and creative approaches to understanding problems and their solutions. Synergy provides diverse services to meet the needs of clients including psychotherapy for individuals and couples. Synergy additionally conducts psychological evaluations, consultations, and workshops. Our Team: Clinical Psychologist and owner Kristen Helin, Psy.D. and associate Courtney Chan, Licensed Clinical Social Worker
(860) 384-6691 View (860) 384-6691
Photo of Caryn Gill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glastonbury, CT
Caryn Gill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Is this you? You know what to do, but when it comes time to actually doing it, you fall into old patterns. You feel like no one gets you, and maybe you feel like no one actually cares. Some days, you wonder if you are even worth caring about. You float between feeling out of control of your emotions and pushing them down. You’re afraid of people getting too close, yet you want, more than anything, genuine human connection. If anxiety, depression, or trauma are creating burnout, stress, self-esteem, or relationship issues, I'm here to help.
Is this you? You know what to do, but when it comes time to actually doing it, you fall into old patterns. You feel like no one gets you, and maybe you feel like no one actually cares. Some days, you wonder if you are even worth caring about. You float between feeling out of control of your emotions and pushing them down. You’re afraid of people getting too close, yet you want, more than anything, genuine human connection. If anxiety, depression, or trauma are creating burnout, stress, self-esteem, or relationship issues, I'm here to help.
(860) 931-7123 View (860) 931-7123
Photo of John Thomas Lefevre, Professional Counselor Associate in Glastonbury, CT
John Thomas Lefevre
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
NOT accepting NEW Clients. I know the first step can be immensely hard trying to find someone that is the right fit. The non-profit that I work for works with First Responders (police, fire, ems, doc), Military members (active,retired), and their families.
NOT accepting NEW Clients. I know the first step can be immensely hard trying to find someone that is the right fit. The non-profit that I work for works with First Responders (police, fire, ems, doc), Military members (active,retired), and their families.
(860) 891-6989 View (860) 891-6989
Photo of Rich Neal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Rich Neal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
I bring 30 years of experience in clinical social work to your process with a focus on health challenges, grief and loss, military issues as well as common personal struggles. I served in the Massachusetts Army National Guard as a Behavioral Health Officer for over seven years and am quite familiar with the ups and downs of military service. I also have spent nearly half my career working in hospitals and dedicated to the process of redefining health when a medical issue occurs. In my varied work experience, I have focused on men’s psychology, relationships and the strengths and weaknesses we bring as men.
I bring 30 years of experience in clinical social work to your process with a focus on health challenges, grief and loss, military issues as well as common personal struggles. I served in the Massachusetts Army National Guard as a Behavioral Health Officer for over seven years and am quite familiar with the ups and downs of military service. I also have spent nearly half my career working in hospitals and dedicated to the process of redefining health when a medical issue occurs. In my varied work experience, I have focused on men’s psychology, relationships and the strengths and weaknesses we bring as men.
(860) 846-4829 View (860) 846-4829
Photo of Lighthouse Behavioral Solutions LLC, Psychologist in Glastonbury, CT
Lighthouse Behavioral Solutions LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
The ideal client is a late adolescent or adult experiencing anxiety, depression, or the impacts of trauma, seeking to improve their mental health and overall life satisfaction. They need effective tools to manage their emotions and are motivated to change negative thought patterns that hinder their well-being. Their goal is to achieve a greater sense of emotional balance and resilience. They value a therapeutic approach that empowers them with practical strategies, helping them understand the interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to foster lasting change and personal growth.
The ideal client is a late adolescent or adult experiencing anxiety, depression, or the impacts of trauma, seeking to improve their mental health and overall life satisfaction. They need effective tools to manage their emotions and are motivated to change negative thought patterns that hinder their well-being. Their goal is to achieve a greater sense of emotional balance and resilience. They value a therapeutic approach that empowers them with practical strategies, helping them understand the interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to foster lasting change and personal growth.
(860) 689-1598 View (860) 689-1598
Photo of Christian Haupt, Professional Counselor Associate in Glastonbury, CT
Christian Haupt
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Christian Haupt is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate (LPCA) who holds a Master’s degree in Counseling from California State University, Fullerton, and a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Marist College in New York. He uses a trauma-informed and person-centered approach to help clients heal from past events, support them through ongoing stressors, and collaborate with people seeking personal growth and improving their well-being. With his background of working with individuals from various backgrounds and identities, he tailors his counseling approach to address the unique needs of every client.
Christian Haupt is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate (LPCA) who holds a Master’s degree in Counseling from California State University, Fullerton, and a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Marist College in New York. He uses a trauma-informed and person-centered approach to help clients heal from past events, support them through ongoing stressors, and collaborate with people seeking personal growth and improving their well-being. With his background of working with individuals from various backgrounds and identities, he tailors his counseling approach to address the unique needs of every client.
(860) 943-5182 View (860) 943-5182
Photo of Jody Koval - Growth Through Change, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glastonbury, CT
Jody Koval - Growth Through Change
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Hello, I am experienced in helping successfully cope with life's adjustments (including stress and anger management, relationship issues, addiction, grief, and caregiver issues). Life's changes can leave us challenged with feelings of uncertainty, frustration, hopelessness, isolation, and depression. I utilize an eclectic approach (mostly Mindful Cognitive Behavorial) as everyone is different and within the complex individual, moments and experiences are different as well. I strive to work with each individual, with compassion, patience, and dignity, with the goal that they can fully function and live their life to its fullest.
Hello, I am experienced in helping successfully cope with life's adjustments (including stress and anger management, relationship issues, addiction, grief, and caregiver issues). Life's changes can leave us challenged with feelings of uncertainty, frustration, hopelessness, isolation, and depression. I utilize an eclectic approach (mostly Mindful Cognitive Behavorial) as everyone is different and within the complex individual, moments and experiences are different as well. I strive to work with each individual, with compassion, patience, and dignity, with the goal that they can fully function and live their life to its fullest.
(860) 756-5792 View (860) 756-5792
Photo of Rebecca Ruitto, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Rebecca Ruitto
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Hello, I am so excited that you found your way here! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of CT. I primarily work with women and couples struggling with anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and communication. My therapy style is genuine, empathetic, and real. I want to get to know you and for this to be the space you feel inspired to own who you are. I want therapy to be the space you feel comfortable, seen, and safe. I’ll hold the space for the hard and sometimes awkward stuff; and encourage you to seek your full potential.
Hello, I am so excited that you found your way here! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of CT. I primarily work with women and couples struggling with anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and communication. My therapy style is genuine, empathetic, and real. I want to get to know you and for this to be the space you feel inspired to own who you are. I want therapy to be the space you feel comfortable, seen, and safe. I’ll hold the space for the hard and sometimes awkward stuff; and encourage you to seek your full potential.
(203) 884-0954 View (203) 884-0954
Photo of Michael Reiss, Psychologist in Glastonbury, CT
Michael Reiss
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Everyone has a journey. Often times, journeys do not go as expected. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing significant life stressors that get in the way of how they wish to live their lives or go on their journey. Through the therapeutic process, I seek to partner with people in order to assist them in reducing stress, increasing awareness, and learning coping skills to be their own best advocate.
Everyone has a journey. Often times, journeys do not go as expected. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing significant life stressors that get in the way of how they wish to live their lives or go on their journey. Through the therapeutic process, I seek to partner with people in order to assist them in reducing stress, increasing awareness, and learning coping skills to be their own best advocate.
(860) 968-0277 x34 View (860) 968-0277 x34
Photo of Steven J Zimbel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Steven J Zimbel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Personal growth often occurs in a comfortable therapy process. I look forward to providing this for you. My areas of specialization include the treatment of depression, anxiety, panic, couples, relationships, divorce adjustment, ADHD,work stress , school problems, living with chronic illness, parenting, substance abuse ,self esteem building,life coaching. My work has involved treating individuals,couples, families, children, teens and adults. I am board certified as a Diplomat in Clinical Social Work by the American Board of Examiners in Clinical Social and by the National Association of Social Work and have 40 years of experience.
Personal growth often occurs in a comfortable therapy process. I look forward to providing this for you. My areas of specialization include the treatment of depression, anxiety, panic, couples, relationships, divorce adjustment, ADHD,work stress , school problems, living with chronic illness, parenting, substance abuse ,self esteem building,life coaching. My work has involved treating individuals,couples, families, children, teens and adults. I am board certified as a Diplomat in Clinical Social Work by the American Board of Examiners in Clinical Social and by the National Association of Social Work and have 40 years of experience.
(860) 375-5503 View (860) 375-5503
Photo of Tracey J Otero, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Glastonbury, CT
Tracey J Otero
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, MS, MPA
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
I am a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, specializing in co-occurring mental health disorders, with over 10 years of educational and clinical experience. My work targets ineffective behaviors, habits, and beliefs by helping individuals find purpose and fulfillment by exploring their motivations in life. To ensure the best care, I am committed in creating effective treatment plans in working with individuals and their families,
I am a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, specializing in co-occurring mental health disorders, with over 10 years of educational and clinical experience. My work targets ineffective behaviors, habits, and beliefs by helping individuals find purpose and fulfillment by exploring their motivations in life. To ensure the best care, I am committed in creating effective treatment plans in working with individuals and their families,
(860) 926-3098 View (860) 926-3098
Photo of Barbara S Bunk, Psychologist in Glastonbury, CT
Barbara S Bunk
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Not accepting new clients
Wouldn’t it be great if life was simple and uncomplicated? Fortunately or un…, life in 2020 is quite complex. Our busy, multifaceted lives sometimes create anxiety and stress that are difficult to manage. In a world filled with complications, a good therapist can often be helpful.
Wouldn’t it be great if life was simple and uncomplicated? Fortunately or un…, life in 2020 is quite complex. Our busy, multifaceted lives sometimes create anxiety and stress that are difficult to manage. In a world filled with complications, a good therapist can often be helpful.
(833) 551-0679 View (833) 551-0679
Photo of Michelle Willard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glastonbury, CT
Michelle Willard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
With 20 years’ experience, my core assumption is that each of us has the innate capacity to do all of the following:  feel happy; form close and satisfying relationships with others; manage situations effectively; make good decisions; and even heal from trauma and loss.  However, sometimes that innate capacity gets blocked.  That is when we run into emotional or behavioral problems.  It is my job to help you understand what is blocking your own innate capacity so those blocks can dissolve.
With 20 years’ experience, my core assumption is that each of us has the innate capacity to do all of the following:  feel happy; form close and satisfying relationships with others; manage situations effectively; make good decisions; and even heal from trauma and loss.  However, sometimes that innate capacity gets blocked.  That is when we run into emotional or behavioral problems.  It is my job to help you understand what is blocking your own innate capacity so those blocks can dissolve.
(860) 485-7714 View (860) 485-7714
Photo of Elli Levy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glastonbury, CT
Elli Levy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LADC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Elli is an LPC ( License Professional Counselor) and LADC (license drug and alcohol counselor, an MSW ( Master Social Work) ) and an EMDR specialist, who treats patients with anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, PTSD, addictions and other life stressors which hinder full participation in a joyful, satisfying life. Everyone has obstacles and challenges which get in the way of realizing their full potential and happiness. Elli is able to use his vast experience and various therapeutic modalities to help you address these issues and be free to live the life you envision.
Elli is an LPC ( License Professional Counselor) and LADC (license drug and alcohol counselor, an MSW ( Master Social Work) ) and an EMDR specialist, who treats patients with anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, PTSD, addictions and other life stressors which hinder full participation in a joyful, satisfying life. Everyone has obstacles and challenges which get in the way of realizing their full potential and happiness. Elli is able to use his vast experience and various therapeutic modalities to help you address these issues and be free to live the life you envision.
(860) 855-7923 View (860) 855-7923
Photo of Julie Ingenohl, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Julie Ingenohl
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Are you feeling unhappy, stuck and lonely in your relationship? Has there been an affair or betrayal? Would you like your partner to step it up at home, emotionally connect, or make you feel appreciated?
Are you feeling unhappy, stuck and lonely in your relationship? Has there been an affair or betrayal? Would you like your partner to step it up at home, emotionally connect, or make you feel appreciated?
(860) 268-6985 View (860) 268-6985
Photo of Julian Finnegan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Julian Finnegan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Life comes at us in waves of change. Some are predictable and gentle, while others seem to come out of nowhere and knock us completely off balance. Fears may arise about our future, or past trauma might bubble to the surface of our awareness. Confusion, anxiety and depression are normal responses to shifting insights, losses and transitions in life. Relationships can become challenging to navigate, especially when the waves keep coming at us. I will join you right where you are at, to help you catch your breath and establish stable footing so you can forge a path toward wholeness and wellness.
Life comes at us in waves of change. Some are predictable and gentle, while others seem to come out of nowhere and knock us completely off balance. Fears may arise about our future, or past trauma might bubble to the surface of our awareness. Confusion, anxiety and depression are normal responses to shifting insights, losses and transitions in life. Relationships can become challenging to navigate, especially when the waves keep coming at us. I will join you right where you are at, to help you catch your breath and establish stable footing so you can forge a path toward wholeness and wellness.
(860) 792-4609 View (860) 792-4609
Photo of Laura B DeAngelo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Laura B DeAngelo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AB, MBA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033  (Online Only)
Are you facing challenges coping with life stressors or relationships? Do you need help learning to manage your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to lead a productive and happy life? Are you a parent trying your best to parent a challenging child but still feel stuck? I offer compassionate, collaborative, results-oriented therapy and training for individuals and families who would like to improve the quality of life for themselves and/or their children. I use a warm and nonjudgmental approach to help you feel safe and comfortable. I want you to leave each session feeling hopeful, insightful, and empowered.
Are you facing challenges coping with life stressors or relationships? Do you need help learning to manage your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to lead a productive and happy life? Are you a parent trying your best to parent a challenging child but still feel stuck? I offer compassionate, collaborative, results-oriented therapy and training for individuals and families who would like to improve the quality of life for themselves and/or their children. I use a warm and nonjudgmental approach to help you feel safe and comfortable. I want you to leave each session feeling hopeful, insightful, and empowered.
(860) 325-4129 View (860) 325-4129
Photo of Mandy Lynn Phillips, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Mandy Lynn Phillips
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Emotional well-being much like physical health is a journey. It is a process that takes both time and effort. What you gain from your effort is entirely up to you, but it helps to have the right support! I believe you are the director of your life’s purpose and your potential for health and wholeness can be limitless! I believe our hurts, our traumas, our personal judgments of ourselves, and the judgments we internalize from others are things that disconnect us from our inner self, and our ability to heal, realize our potential and shine our light fully can be challenging. What holds you back or disconnects you from your inner self?
Emotional well-being much like physical health is a journey. It is a process that takes both time and effort. What you gain from your effort is entirely up to you, but it helps to have the right support! I believe you are the director of your life’s purpose and your potential for health and wholeness can be limitless! I believe our hurts, our traumas, our personal judgments of ourselves, and the judgments we internalize from others are things that disconnect us from our inner self, and our ability to heal, realize our potential and shine our light fully can be challenging. What holds you back or disconnects you from your inner self?
(860) 590-3193 View (860) 590-3193
Photo of Priscella Wen Si, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Priscella Wen Si
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
I am passionate about family work, especially helping teens self-regulate, understand themselves and build connections within families. I endeavor to give young people hope, tools for life, and confidence. I focus on increasing family communication, motivation, and confidence to make changes. I guide the therapy and empower parents to help make the changes.
I am passionate about family work, especially helping teens self-regulate, understand themselves and build connections within families. I endeavor to give young people hope, tools for life, and confidence. I focus on increasing family communication, motivation, and confidence to make changes. I guide the therapy and empower parents to help make the changes.
(860) 775-4446 View (860) 775-4446
Photo of Erica Thrall, Marriage & Family Therapist in Glastonbury, CT
Erica Thrall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Home-life feeling like a hot mess? Struggling as a parent or stepparent? Sick of the same problems coming up over and over again in your relationship? Or, maybe you're just overwhelmed with balancing the stress of kids and life. You're looking for someone to listen, to support you and to help you find a different way to bring peace back into your home and life. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I work to help couples, teens, and adults reduce conflict and stress, and find a different path forward.
Home-life feeling like a hot mess? Struggling as a parent or stepparent? Sick of the same problems coming up over and over again in your relationship? Or, maybe you're just overwhelmed with balancing the stress of kids and life. You're looking for someone to listen, to support you and to help you find a different way to bring peace back into your home and life. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I work to help couples, teens, and adults reduce conflict and stress, and find a different path forward.
(860) 530-6387 View (860) 530-6387

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Glastonbury, CT

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Glastonbury, CT who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
83% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
66% Husky | CT BHP

How Therapists in Glastonbury, CT see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Glastonbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.