Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Phoenix Song, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Phoenix Song
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CHT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
As an LGBTQIA empath, intuitive, or artist, you experience this world in a deeper, more complex, intuitive way - including painful experiences of trauma. With so much pain in the world, it's hard to care for your own feelings and needs, let alone heal from your experiences of trauma. I specialize in supporting LGBTQIA empaths, artists, and magic makers to heal from the trauma of oppression, abuse, and sexual violence and reclaim their gifts and voice. To embody their own sacred needs and ways of being. And to find sustainable, empowered ways to integrate empathy, spirituality, community, creativity, and nourished activism.
As an LGBTQIA empath, intuitive, or artist, you experience this world in a deeper, more complex, intuitive way - including painful experiences of trauma. With so much pain in the world, it's hard to care for your own feelings and needs, let alone heal from your experiences of trauma. I specialize in supporting LGBTQIA empaths, artists, and magic makers to heal from the trauma of oppression, abuse, and sexual violence and reclaim their gifts and voice. To embody their own sacred needs and ways of being. And to find sustainable, empowered ways to integrate empathy, spirituality, community, creativity, and nourished activism.
(415) 548-2797 View (415) 548-2797
Photo of Sally Covington, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Sally Covington
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Hello. I strive to provide a safe, respectful, and healing environment for every person who walks through my door. My approach is humanistic, collaborative and trauma-informed. I believe that we all possess, and can further develop, qualities of the self that include clarity, compassion, connectedness, and creativity. Finding a therapist who is a good fit is important. I offer an initial no-charge consultation to help you do this.
Hello. I strive to provide a safe, respectful, and healing environment for every person who walks through my door. My approach is humanistic, collaborative and trauma-informed. I believe that we all possess, and can further develop, qualities of the self that include clarity, compassion, connectedness, and creativity. Finding a therapist who is a good fit is important. I offer an initial no-charge consultation to help you do this.
(341) 999-5716 View (341) 999-5716
Photo of Erica Saini, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Erica Saini
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
A licensed clinical psychologist, I provide psychodynamic psychotherapy to individuals and couples throughout California. I offer compassion, patience, and safety as we endeavor to better understand what has brought you to therapy, and how to move through to something new. My work is trauma-informed and grounded in principles of empowerment.
A licensed clinical psychologist, I provide psychodynamic psychotherapy to individuals and couples throughout California. I offer compassion, patience, and safety as we endeavor to better understand what has brought you to therapy, and how to move through to something new. My work is trauma-informed and grounded in principles of empowerment.
(510) 491-9476 View (510) 491-9476
Photo of Meashline Titus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Meashline Titus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703  (Online Only)
To live in America in 2022 is to experience some sort of emotional stress and overwhelm. In the age of information, we are exposed to trauma on a daily basis. The messaging that the world gives us is "do more" and "work harder". We rarely are encouraged to prioritize ourselves, create and enforce healthy boundaries and make time for the things in our lives that bring us peace. If you've been "grinding" and you are now looking up and asking yourself "what is this all for if I'm not enjoying my life", then you are in the right place. I can support you in doing the work it takes to achieve your peace!
To live in America in 2022 is to experience some sort of emotional stress and overwhelm. In the age of information, we are exposed to trauma on a daily basis. The messaging that the world gives us is "do more" and "work harder". We rarely are encouraged to prioritize ourselves, create and enforce healthy boundaries and make time for the things in our lives that bring us peace. If you've been "grinding" and you are now looking up and asking yourself "what is this all for if I'm not enjoying my life", then you are in the right place. I can support you in doing the work it takes to achieve your peace!
(510) 454-8831 View (510) 454-8831
Photo of Jenny Randt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jenny Randt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Therapy with me involves working with the body as much as the mind. This can be challenging for some, but leads to long-term resolution and healing in a more complete, organic nature. Through Somatic Experiencing (SE), I have been trained to work with various forms of trauma (developmental, event specific, chronic/long-term) and the way in which our survival energy becomes trapped in our bodies. We embody our lived experience.
Therapy with me involves working with the body as much as the mind. This can be challenging for some, but leads to long-term resolution and healing in a more complete, organic nature. Through Somatic Experiencing (SE), I have been trained to work with various forms of trauma (developmental, event specific, chronic/long-term) and the way in which our survival energy becomes trapped in our bodies. We embody our lived experience.
(510) 319-1271 View (510) 319-1271
Photo of Kayoko Yokoyama, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Kayoko Yokoyama
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am dedicated to working with clients to face the challenges that life may bring with respect and compassion. I use my knowledge and training as a counseling psychologist to create a safe space for you to explore your challenges in the context of your strengths while taking the full complexity of who you are into consideration. I balance my traditional psychological and scientific training by grounding my work firmly within a sociocultural context. I utilize an integrative, strength-based approach informed by multicultural and feminist perspectives.
I am dedicated to working with clients to face the challenges that life may bring with respect and compassion. I use my knowledge and training as a counseling psychologist to create a safe space for you to explore your challenges in the context of your strengths while taking the full complexity of who you are into consideration. I balance my traditional psychological and scientific training by grounding my work firmly within a sociocultural context. I utilize an integrative, strength-based approach informed by multicultural and feminist perspectives.
(510) 900-8303 View (510) 900-8303
Photo of Emily Rose Heard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Emily Rose Heard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I believe that true transformation is possible when we are willing to take responsibility for our own healing and growth. By choosing to engage in therapy, you are choosing to embrace your power and make positive changes in your life. I am here to support you on this journey and help you uncover your true potential. In holistic psychotherapy, we address all aspects of a person's life - physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual. By looking at the whole person, we can identify underlying issues and work towards healing and growth in all areas. I am experienced in working with challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and PTSD.
I believe that true transformation is possible when we are willing to take responsibility for our own healing and growth. By choosing to engage in therapy, you are choosing to embrace your power and make positive changes in your life. I am here to support you on this journey and help you uncover your true potential. In holistic psychotherapy, we address all aspects of a person's life - physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual. By looking at the whole person, we can identify underlying issues and work towards healing and growth in all areas. I am experienced in working with challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and PTSD.
(650) 551-9870 View (650) 551-9870
Photo of Phebe Fletcher in Berkeley, CA
Phebe Fletcher
MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
I love working with clients who want to be free of ingrained patterns that aren't working, whether from sub-optimal parenting or other experiences. Often these patterns are held in place through painful and threatening feelings stemming from conditioning or our natural dependency on challenged parents. I resource and support clients' present lives, which may mean touching in to what happened to connect to a source of reactivity. Clients who enjoy working with me want more aliveness and freedom, more flow and resilience. They want encouragement & new challenges, and will attend to their experience, unfolding the paths forward.
I love working with clients who want to be free of ingrained patterns that aren't working, whether from sub-optimal parenting or other experiences. Often these patterns are held in place through painful and threatening feelings stemming from conditioning or our natural dependency on challenged parents. I resource and support clients' present lives, which may mean touching in to what happened to connect to a source of reactivity. Clients who enjoy working with me want more aliveness and freedom, more flow and resilience. They want encouragement & new challenges, and will attend to their experience, unfolding the paths forward.
(341) 766-0944 View (341) 766-0944
Photo of Ilyana Romanovsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ilyana Romanovsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Ilyana Romanovsky M.A. MFT., is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT 80096), specializing in treatment of adults, adolescents and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, mood disorders (Depression, Bipolar Disorder) and anxiety disorders (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). She also specializes in treating body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as Trichotillomania (hair pulling) and chronic skin picking.
Ilyana Romanovsky M.A. MFT., is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT 80096), specializing in treatment of adults, adolescents and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, mood disorders (Depression, Bipolar Disorder) and anxiety disorders (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). She also specializes in treating body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as Trichotillomania (hair pulling) and chronic skin picking.
(510) 587-9694 View (510) 587-9694
Photo of Susanna McKean Moore, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Susanna McKean Moore
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently full. I am taking no new clients, though I do have openings to meet with parents 1-3 sessions to think through next steps for you and your child. Please email me at susannamoorephd@gmail.com with your child's age, where you live, and a brief description of your situation. Se habla español. I work primarily with children and teens (and sometimes adults) who are marginalized in some way. I have extensive training in gender identity issues, the effects of trauma and loss, and the psychological impact of social injustice.
My practice is currently full. I am taking no new clients, though I do have openings to meet with parents 1-3 sessions to think through next steps for you and your child. Please email me at susannamoorephd@gmail.com with your child's age, where you live, and a brief description of your situation. Se habla español. I work primarily with children and teens (and sometimes adults) who are marginalized in some way. I have extensive training in gender identity issues, the effects of trauma and loss, and the psychological impact of social injustice.
(510) 240-5918 View (510) 240-5918
Photo of Karen Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Karen Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Finding or creating a career that you're passionate about may seem like a fantasy... But, no matter what challenges you face – be they emotional or logistical – the unique counseling and coaching services I provide at Career Therapy can help make sure you do NOT have to settle for second best! My name is Karen Rose, and I've created Career Therapy to bring together my three decades of experience as a career counselor, career coach, and psychotherapist to help you articulate your goals, overcome work-life challenges, improve your relationships and resilience, and make sure you turn your career goals into reality.
Finding or creating a career that you're passionate about may seem like a fantasy... But, no matter what challenges you face – be they emotional or logistical – the unique counseling and coaching services I provide at Career Therapy can help make sure you do NOT have to settle for second best! My name is Karen Rose, and I've created Career Therapy to bring together my three decades of experience as a career counselor, career coach, and psychotherapist to help you articulate your goals, overcome work-life challenges, improve your relationships and resilience, and make sure you turn your career goals into reality.
(510) 674-1811 View (510) 674-1811
Photo of Lauren Massell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lauren Massell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Connecting with your inner compass does not have to be an abstract concept. When you've survived difficult circumstances - learning trust your body's messages is challenging - but also how you can cultivate clarity in relationships, jobs, and everyday decisions. Somatic therapy offers the opportunity to bring awareness and compassion to your nervous system's response to your environment and integrate a greater sense of safety. From this place, your own wisdom becomes easier to hear and follow.
Connecting with your inner compass does not have to be an abstract concept. When you've survived difficult circumstances - learning trust your body's messages is challenging - but also how you can cultivate clarity in relationships, jobs, and everyday decisions. Somatic therapy offers the opportunity to bring awareness and compassion to your nervous system's response to your environment and integrate a greater sense of safety. From this place, your own wisdom becomes easier to hear and follow.
(510) 405-4241 View (510) 405-4241
Photo of Neda Ehya, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Neda Ehya
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703  (Online Only)
My therapy style is down to earth, warm, inviting and active. I believe therapy is most effective when it is a collaborative process between the client and the therapist. We will work together to explore, reflect and identify areas in which insight and change are needed to achieve your goals. In sessions, I openly share my thoughts and my perspective as a guiding force but respect and believe that you are the leader in the room. I provide therapy as a transformative experience or a space to just let go, it can be whatever you need it to be, as long as the purpose of this space is for you to heal and find more joy in your life.
My therapy style is down to earth, warm, inviting and active. I believe therapy is most effective when it is a collaborative process between the client and the therapist. We will work together to explore, reflect and identify areas in which insight and change are needed to achieve your goals. In sessions, I openly share my thoughts and my perspective as a guiding force but respect and believe that you are the leader in the room. I provide therapy as a transformative experience or a space to just let go, it can be whatever you need it to be, as long as the purpose of this space is for you to heal and find more joy in your life.
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Photo of Dr. Carey Shaffer, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Carey Shaffer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a seasoned Psychologist with over 20+ years of community mental health, private practice and organizational experience. I have worked with hundreds of children, adults and families in a variety of mental health settings in the Bay Area including Seneca Family of Agencies and A Better Way, Inc. both prominent East Bay Child and Family organizations. I currently work as a part-time staff Psychologist with Kaiser Permanente’s Child and Family Department of Psychiatry, where I provide assessment and therapeutic services to children and families.
I am a seasoned Psychologist with over 20+ years of community mental health, private practice and organizational experience. I have worked with hundreds of children, adults and families in a variety of mental health settings in the Bay Area including Seneca Family of Agencies and A Better Way, Inc. both prominent East Bay Child and Family organizations. I currently work as a part-time staff Psychologist with Kaiser Permanente’s Child and Family Department of Psychiatry, where I provide assessment and therapeutic services to children and families.
(341) 999-7187 View (341) 999-7187
Photo of Nakia Linzie-Shavers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nakia Linzie-Shavers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
“Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass. It's about learning how to dance in the rain.” —Vivian Greene. There is one thing for certain, life will at times leave you feeling breathless and confused. How are you navigating through the issues of life that feel overwhelming? Do you feel like you are just surviving? Is just getting out of bed a struggle? You are making so much progress even reading this! Processing these life events can be the difference between striving and thriving. Let me help!
“Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass. It's about learning how to dance in the rain.” —Vivian Greene. There is one thing for certain, life will at times leave you feeling breathless and confused. How are you navigating through the issues of life that feel overwhelming? Do you feel like you are just surviving? Is just getting out of bed a struggle? You are making so much progress even reading this! Processing these life events can be the difference between striving and thriving. Let me help!
(510) 250-3581 View (510) 250-3581
Photo of Norma Lee Myers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Norma Lee Myers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
Not accepting new clients
There are usually two types of reasons people come into therapy. One is that find themselves making the same mistakes over and over again and they want to do something different, but are just not sure how. The other is that they have been carrying around a deep pain in their life that they want to resolve. Often these things are connected. This is why I work with you on two levels. I help you change the current unwanted behavior, while also helping you resolve issues from your past that may be effecting your reactions.
There are usually two types of reasons people come into therapy. One is that find themselves making the same mistakes over and over again and they want to do something different, but are just not sure how. The other is that they have been carrying around a deep pain in their life that they want to resolve. Often these things are connected. This is why I work with you on two levels. I help you change the current unwanted behavior, while also helping you resolve issues from your past that may be effecting your reactions.
(510) 878-4296 View (510) 878-4296
Photo of Bill Burmester, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bill Burmester
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Waitlist for new clients
I have been in private practice as a psychotherapist in Berkeley since 1994, working with adults and teens individually and with couples and groups, on recovering from relationship and betrayal trauma. This trauma may manifest as recurring intrusive reminders of overwhelming and unresolved past experiences and as emotional / somatic distress in your present life. Or it may result from inadequate nurture and protection in childhood (attachment trauma). Often, both contribute to the need and desire for relief and a better life beyond trauma. Individualized trauma therapy addresses the need for a new relationship with your past.
I have been in private practice as a psychotherapist in Berkeley since 1994, working with adults and teens individually and with couples and groups, on recovering from relationship and betrayal trauma. This trauma may manifest as recurring intrusive reminders of overwhelming and unresolved past experiences and as emotional / somatic distress in your present life. Or it may result from inadequate nurture and protection in childhood (attachment trauma). Often, both contribute to the need and desire for relief and a better life beyond trauma. Individualized trauma therapy addresses the need for a new relationship with your past.
(510) 574-7508 View (510) 574-7508
Photo of Eric Koblenz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Eric Koblenz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
I offer psychotherapy for individual adults and teens. Starting therapy requires significant courage and vulnerability, so know that I am respectful of the way things have been and careful in helping you navigate your path forward.
I offer psychotherapy for individual adults and teens. Starting therapy requires significant courage and vulnerability, so know that I am respectful of the way things have been and careful in helping you navigate your path forward.
(341) 895-5845 View (341) 895-5845
Photo of Susanna Gilbert, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Susanna Gilbert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
You may be feeling overwhelmed by a recent turn of events--the death of a loved one, a bad break-up, becoming a parent, changing careers. Or perhaps you're struggling with more longstanding issues--low self-esteem, for instance--that you've tried to resolve on your own but just can't get a handle on. I enjoy helping people weather challenging transitions as well as see their longer term issues with fresh, more hopeful eyes. With support and insight, I've found people can move on and make the changes they want to make in their lives.
You may be feeling overwhelmed by a recent turn of events--the death of a loved one, a bad break-up, becoming a parent, changing careers. Or perhaps you're struggling with more longstanding issues--low self-esteem, for instance--that you've tried to resolve on your own but just can't get a handle on. I enjoy helping people weather challenging transitions as well as see their longer term issues with fresh, more hopeful eyes. With support and insight, I've found people can move on and make the changes they want to make in their lives.
(510) 328-4424 View (510) 328-4424
Photo of Herman Sandhu, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Herman Sandhu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
(510) 726-6247 View (510) 726-6247

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.