Therapists in Irvine, CA

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Photo of Debbie Jason, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Debbie Jason
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
Relationships are challenging - even in the best circumstances. This is certainly true when building or maintaining a relationship with someone who feels stressed, sad, or acting out in anger. Many people today feel overwhelmed, alone, judged or misunderstood. There is hope, though, in that you can be the solution! Through a unique approach, I work with children, teenagers, and adults to develop their sense of selves, decrease stress, and establish rewarding relationships. Having this space has helped many people better understand and manage their lives. Also proficient in complex psychological testing for Autism, ADHD, PTSD, BPD.
Relationships are challenging - even in the best circumstances. This is certainly true when building or maintaining a relationship with someone who feels stressed, sad, or acting out in anger. Many people today feel overwhelmed, alone, judged or misunderstood. There is hope, though, in that you can be the solution! Through a unique approach, I work with children, teenagers, and adults to develop their sense of selves, decrease stress, and establish rewarding relationships. Having this space has helped many people better understand and manage their lives. Also proficient in complex psychological testing for Autism, ADHD, PTSD, BPD.
(949) 943-1877 View (949) 943-1877
Photo of David Whitsett, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
David Whitsett
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
Not accepting new clients
Life can be really hard sometimes, whether you are a college student feeling overwhelmed or a parent watching a child struggle. If you or your child/adolescent is regularly experiencing overwhelming feelings of worry, anxiety, panic, sadness (or all of the above!) and feel stuck in them, I can help. I specialize in therapy that brings an enduring sense of calm and confidence, frees us to focus on what really matters in life, and is grounded in the latest science. I am often described as a supportive, warm, and relatable clinician who gives freedom for authenticity, humor and exploration.
Life can be really hard sometimes, whether you are a college student feeling overwhelmed or a parent watching a child struggle. If you or your child/adolescent is regularly experiencing overwhelming feelings of worry, anxiety, panic, sadness (or all of the above!) and feel stuck in them, I can help. I specialize in therapy that brings an enduring sense of calm and confidence, frees us to focus on what really matters in life, and is grounded in the latest science. I am often described as a supportive, warm, and relatable clinician who gives freedom for authenticity, humor and exploration.
(949) 519-4328 View (949) 519-4328
Photo of Sara Hicks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Sara Hicks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Hi, I'm Sara. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and EMDR trained clinician who is committed to working collaboratively with clients to achieve their goals. I utilize a calm and compassionate approach when working with clients as I strive to provide a safe environment to facilitate opportunities for clients to grow and enhance their strengths. I had the honor of working at a residential treatment center where I supported teens, adults, and families navigate complex trauma, past abuse, and persistent mental health struggles like depression and anxiety, disordered eating, & substance use.
Hi, I'm Sara. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and EMDR trained clinician who is committed to working collaboratively with clients to achieve their goals. I utilize a calm and compassionate approach when working with clients as I strive to provide a safe environment to facilitate opportunities for clients to grow and enhance their strengths. I had the honor of working at a residential treatment center where I supported teens, adults, and families navigate complex trauma, past abuse, and persistent mental health struggles like depression and anxiety, disordered eating, & substance use.
(949) 868-6351 View (949) 868-6351
Photo of Ann Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Ann Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92604
Nobody’s childhood dream was to grow up and feel overwhelmed, alone, stuck or unworthy. I aim to help individuals heal from trauma-related issues such as anxiety, depression, and relationship/family issues. If you find yourself living without a navigation system to understand emotional terrain or trauma that impacts your well-being; you are not alone. All of us go through rough patches in our lives. My approach is specific to meet your unique needs in a safe and non-judgemental space.
Nobody’s childhood dream was to grow up and feel overwhelmed, alone, stuck or unworthy. I aim to help individuals heal from trauma-related issues such as anxiety, depression, and relationship/family issues. If you find yourself living without a navigation system to understand emotional terrain or trauma that impacts your well-being; you are not alone. All of us go through rough patches in our lives. My approach is specific to meet your unique needs in a safe and non-judgemental space.
(949) 694-2972 View (949) 694-2972
Photo of Marinda Kurpius-Brock, Counselor in Irvine, CA
Marinda Kurpius-Brock
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Therapy works! However, it requires three ingredients: right person, right place, and right time. (1) The right person means being paired with a therapist who is a good fit. Good fit means you leave your session feeling heard and understood and that your therapist is ahead of you on the issues you're seeking help with; (2) The right place means a convenient and comfortable location to meet with your therapist, or being satisfied with telehealth if you prefer that format; (3) The right time means you are ready to begin therapy and are motivated to reach your goals and prioritize the therapeutic process.
Therapy works! However, it requires three ingredients: right person, right place, and right time. (1) The right person means being paired with a therapist who is a good fit. Good fit means you leave your session feeling heard and understood and that your therapist is ahead of you on the issues you're seeking help with; (2) The right place means a convenient and comfortable location to meet with your therapist, or being satisfied with telehealth if you prefer that format; (3) The right time means you are ready to begin therapy and are motivated to reach your goals and prioritize the therapeutic process.
(949) 676-8275 View (949) 676-8275
Photo of Kristie Cain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Kristie Cain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
We are unique. We specialize with families. On your first visit, we ask the whole family come play in our specialized family playroom together. During this family assessment we watch, interact, play and get a feel for your family, personalities, struggles and dynamics. Our hope is for your family to have a place to see what is going on, get some information and collaborate to help your family be the family you envision. We tailor therapy to what you and your family need each week. Come play with us! www.ConnectedLife.Family
We are unique. We specialize with families. On your first visit, we ask the whole family come play in our specialized family playroom together. During this family assessment we watch, interact, play and get a feel for your family, personalities, struggles and dynamics. Our hope is for your family to have a place to see what is going on, get some information and collaborate to help your family be the family you envision. We tailor therapy to what you and your family need each week. Come play with us! www.ConnectedLife.Family
(949) 397-6605 View (949) 397-6605
Photo of Tina Luke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Irvine, CA
Tina Luke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92620
My name is Tina Luke, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with clients struggling with various forms of anxiety, managing stress, trauma, depression, social and specific phobias, relationships transitions, self-esteem concerns, life transitions, brief crisis intervention and PTSD. I like to use a strength based approach to allow identifying of strengths of the client to draw from when advancing into sessions. My main approach is cognitive behavioral therapy. My approach to therapy is ensuring that the client is being heard and that services are tailored to meet the needs of the client.
My name is Tina Luke, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with clients struggling with various forms of anxiety, managing stress, trauma, depression, social and specific phobias, relationships transitions, self-esteem concerns, life transitions, brief crisis intervention and PTSD. I like to use a strength based approach to allow identifying of strengths of the client to draw from when advancing into sessions. My main approach is cognitive behavioral therapy. My approach to therapy is ensuring that the client is being heard and that services are tailored to meet the needs of the client.
(657) 216-7356 View (657) 216-7356
Photo of Holly Pittaway, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Irvine, CA
Holly Pittaway
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Whether you’re going through life transitions; or just feeling stuck and not sure why, I enjoy sitting with and listening to the inner workings of your thoughts while trying to understand what is either holding you back or keeping you from moving forward and healing. I get to sit alongside clients who are navigating life concerns, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, complex trauma, relational and identity concerns and more.
Whether you’re going through life transitions; or just feeling stuck and not sure why, I enjoy sitting with and listening to the inner workings of your thoughts while trying to understand what is either holding you back or keeping you from moving forward and healing. I get to sit alongside clients who are navigating life concerns, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, complex trauma, relational and identity concerns and more.
(949) 894-4942 View (949) 894-4942
Photo of Bridges Therapy Group of CA, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Bridges Therapy Group of CA
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92603  (Online Only)
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we understand that life’s challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship challenges or simply seeking personal growth, our dedicated team of over 50 experienced and compassionate mental health professionals is here to guide and support you on your path toward healing and happiness. Our practice uses a fully virtual model to offer affordable, accessible and effective mental health care for individuals across the state of California.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we understand that life’s challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship challenges or simply seeking personal growth, our dedicated team of over 50 experienced and compassionate mental health professionals is here to guide and support you on your path toward healing and happiness. Our practice uses a fully virtual model to offer affordable, accessible and effective mental health care for individuals across the state of California.
(714) 947-1384 View (714) 947-1384
Photo of Janelle De Veyra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Janelle De Veyra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92604
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma? Do you experience difficulties managing family and relationship issues? I believe that healing happens when we pay attention to all the parts that make us whole—our mind, body, and soul. The subconscious mind controls most of our reality and choices, so building awareness and active presence can improve the quality of daily living and assist in not only surviving but thriving through life. As an intuitive & holistic therapist, I will assist you in strengthening your inner psyche and developing new tools to manage negative feelings and thoughts.
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma? Do you experience difficulties managing family and relationship issues? I believe that healing happens when we pay attention to all the parts that make us whole—our mind, body, and soul. The subconscious mind controls most of our reality and choices, so building awareness and active presence can improve the quality of daily living and assist in not only surviving but thriving through life. As an intuitive & holistic therapist, I will assist you in strengthening your inner psyche and developing new tools to manage negative feelings and thoughts.
(949) 528-8436 View (949) 528-8436
Photo of The Mindful Lemon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
The Mindful Lemon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
(949) 468-3964 View (949) 468-3964
Photo of Roberto Dominguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Roberto Dominguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92620
My name is Roberto Dominguez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am committed to helping my clients develop a deeper understanding of their pressing issues, conflicts, and challenges to create a better quality of life. I treat Adult clients who are experiencing the following issues: depression, anxiety, grief, self-esteem, coping skills, stress, and life transitions. I work creatively and collaboratively with my clients and help them gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors to help improve their personal life outcomes.
My name is Roberto Dominguez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am committed to helping my clients develop a deeper understanding of their pressing issues, conflicts, and challenges to create a better quality of life. I treat Adult clients who are experiencing the following issues: depression, anxiety, grief, self-esteem, coping skills, stress, and life transitions. I work creatively and collaboratively with my clients and help them gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors to help improve their personal life outcomes.
(949) 649-7571 View (949) 649-7571
Photo of Ellen Kotkin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Irvine, CA
Ellen Kotkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92606
Anxiety hurts. Whether it wakes you up in the morning and lingers all day or hits you like gang busters when you least expect it. Whether you know where it's coming from or not, anxiety tells you something is wrong and needs fixing. Anxiety is often tied to trauma and grief. You lose a person, relationship or perhaps a dream and you're left in a puddle of pain. Therapy is about working through grief and finding the courage to start again. You develop coping skills to feel better and communication skills to express your needs. You identify personal goals, and together, we chart your course toward your best and truest self.
Anxiety hurts. Whether it wakes you up in the morning and lingers all day or hits you like gang busters when you least expect it. Whether you know where it's coming from or not, anxiety tells you something is wrong and needs fixing. Anxiety is often tied to trauma and grief. You lose a person, relationship or perhaps a dream and you're left in a puddle of pain. Therapy is about working through grief and finding the courage to start again. You develop coping skills to feel better and communication skills to express your needs. You identify personal goals, and together, we chart your course toward your best and truest self.
(949) 326-2982 View (949) 326-2982
Photo of Mind Thrive Health in Irvine, CA
Mind Thrive Health
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
Mind Thrive Health specializes in Mental Health, Anxiety and Addiction disorders. we specialize in Intensive outpatient, Group Therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy and Indvidual therapy. please reach out if you are looking for support.
Mind Thrive Health specializes in Mental Health, Anxiety and Addiction disorders. we specialize in Intensive outpatient, Group Therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy and Indvidual therapy. please reach out if you are looking for support.
(949) 876-5682 View (949) 876-5682
Photo of Justine Gordon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Irvine, CA
Justine Gordon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92604
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
(949) 749-6613 View (949) 749-6613
Photo of Ava Elmzadeh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Ava Elmzadeh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92614  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people from a variety of backgrounds. Working with a diverse population has allowed me to understand that people have unique life-goals and hopes for the future.
I enjoy working with people from a variety of backgrounds. Working with a diverse population has allowed me to understand that people have unique life-goals and hopes for the future.
(714) 410-6820 View (714) 410-6820
Photo of Jamie Stern, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Irvine, CA
Jamie Stern
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92606
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
(949) 301-8460 View (949) 301-8460
Photo of Miriam Seglin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Irvine, CA
Miriam Seglin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92614  (Online Only)
I have been a licensed therapist since 1989. I've been trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is very helpful in treating depression and anxiety. Later on, I became interested in effective treatments for trauma and became a certified EMDR therapist in 2009. Since I also provide therapy in Spanish I have an understanding and sensitivity of the immigrant experience and the experience of children of immigrants. I believe my clients have innate strengths and wisdom and it's my pleasure and privilege to help them rediscover this.
I have been a licensed therapist since 1989. I've been trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is very helpful in treating depression and anxiety. Later on, I became interested in effective treatments for trauma and became a certified EMDR therapist in 2009. Since I also provide therapy in Spanish I have an understanding and sensitivity of the immigrant experience and the experience of children of immigrants. I believe my clients have innate strengths and wisdom and it's my pleasure and privilege to help them rediscover this.
(949) 776-8298 View (949) 776-8298
Photo of Angela Chwe, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Angela Chwe
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Do you feel misunderstood? Do you find it difficult to explain yourself or talk about your feelings? It can be challenging trying to navigate life’s hard times by yourself. I would like to offer you a safe space where you can explore your voice, narrative, and identity.
Do you feel misunderstood? Do you find it difficult to explain yourself or talk about your feelings? It can be challenging trying to navigate life’s hard times by yourself. I would like to offer you a safe space where you can explore your voice, narrative, and identity.
(714) 862-2708 View (714) 862-2708
Photo of Kristin Kleppe, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Kristin Kleppe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Waitlist for new clients
I am committed to helping people achieve a sense of happiness, health, and well-being and to maximize their potential in life. In our first session, we will explore the changes you want to make and together we will collaborate on a treatment plan designed to help you reach your goals. I see clients from age 16 to late adulthood for individual, couples or family therapy. I see people for a variety of issues and am especially skilled in working with families, older adults, executives, and other professionals. I'm skilled in many different types of evidenced based therapies.
I am committed to helping people achieve a sense of happiness, health, and well-being and to maximize their potential in life. In our first session, we will explore the changes you want to make and together we will collaborate on a treatment plan designed to help you reach your goals. I see clients from age 16 to late adulthood for individual, couples or family therapy. I see people for a variety of issues and am especially skilled in working with families, older adults, executives, and other professionals. I'm skilled in many different types of evidenced based therapies.
(949) 381-5121 View (949) 381-5121

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Irvine, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Irvine, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Irvine, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Irvine?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.