Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Maria Jeffery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Maria Jeffery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I utilize a person-centered approach tailored to the unique needs of the individual client. I am dedicated to addressing life transitions, trauma, and maladaptive communication patterns to re-activate resilience by creating a warm, non-judgmental, attentive and safe space to process and develop healthy skillsets to promote healing.
I utilize a person-centered approach tailored to the unique needs of the individual client. I am dedicated to addressing life transitions, trauma, and maladaptive communication patterns to re-activate resilience by creating a warm, non-judgmental, attentive and safe space to process and develop healthy skillsets to promote healing.
(510) 945-3635 View (510) 945-3635
Photo of Cary Littell, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Cary Littell
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
People seek therapy when they feel unhappy, anxious, stuck in patterns and relationships that don't serve them or acting in ways that are self-destructive. Therapy can address and change outmoded ways of being. The therapeutic relationship is key to this work: It offers the possibility of exploring and understanding more effective and satisfying ways of relating to ourselves and others. I work with children, adolescents and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, curiosity and exploration.
People seek therapy when they feel unhappy, anxious, stuck in patterns and relationships that don't serve them or acting in ways that are self-destructive. Therapy can address and change outmoded ways of being. The therapeutic relationship is key to this work: It offers the possibility of exploring and understanding more effective and satisfying ways of relating to ourselves and others. I work with children, adolescents and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, curiosity and exploration.
(510) 544-8237 View (510) 544-8237
Photo of Bret T Alderman in Oakland, CA
Bret T Alderman
PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
As a life coach with a doctorate in depth psychology, I work in a psychologically savvy way, without losing the dynamism of coaching. I facilitate ‘lucid living’ in my clients – an ability to act, think, and feel in agreement with one’s truest self. Whatever issue you are addressing, I assume that something in you knows the right approach to it, although discovering this may require the help of others. I also assume that no-one wants to merely make the dysfunctional functional: We all desire exceptional levels of vitality, creativity, and resilience.
As a life coach with a doctorate in depth psychology, I work in a psychologically savvy way, without losing the dynamism of coaching. I facilitate ‘lucid living’ in my clients – an ability to act, think, and feel in agreement with one’s truest self. Whatever issue you are addressing, I assume that something in you knows the right approach to it, although discovering this may require the help of others. I also assume that no-one wants to merely make the dysfunctional functional: We all desire exceptional levels of vitality, creativity, and resilience.
(628) 240-0896 View (628) 240-0896
Photo of Nat Torrens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nat Torrens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
“I dwell in possibility.” – Emily Dickinson The possibility that you can feel better. The possibility that you can grow stronger. The possibility that you can harness your strengths in the service of your visions. The possibility that you can learn and change and become more self-aware, and that that can make a tremendous difference in your quality of life. Therapy can help. Sitting in a room and talking and thinking and feeling with someone with kind, focused attention on what’s troubling you, can help things shift, and can help you come to know yourself better. This is true for couples as well.
“I dwell in possibility.” – Emily Dickinson The possibility that you can feel better. The possibility that you can grow stronger. The possibility that you can harness your strengths in the service of your visions. The possibility that you can learn and change and become more self-aware, and that that can make a tremendous difference in your quality of life. Therapy can help. Sitting in a room and talking and thinking and feeling with someone with kind, focused attention on what’s troubling you, can help things shift, and can help you come to know yourself better. This is true for couples as well.
(510) 907-4051 View (510) 907-4051
Photo of Summar Abdallah, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Summar Abdallah
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
Transforming our inner dialogues and practicing radical self compassion is an important part of healing. Speaking to oneself with gentleness and compassion can be a challenge for many, but we are all worthy of our own kindness. I am here to offer support in your healing journey with yourself. My approach is warm, patient, strengths based, and practical. I offer tools that clients can use to support their personal growth and healing, both during and outside of sessions. This includes learning how to build distress tolerance, learning emotional regulation skills, and practicing strategies for transforming inner thoughts.
Transforming our inner dialogues and practicing radical self compassion is an important part of healing. Speaking to oneself with gentleness and compassion can be a challenge for many, but we are all worthy of our own kindness. I am here to offer support in your healing journey with yourself. My approach is warm, patient, strengths based, and practical. I offer tools that clients can use to support their personal growth and healing, both during and outside of sessions. This includes learning how to build distress tolerance, learning emotional regulation skills, and practicing strategies for transforming inner thoughts.
(510) 405-3903 View (510) 405-3903
Photo of Victoria Alberini, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Victoria Alberini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
In 2015, I left my job at Google to pursue a career that better catered to my lifelong passion for human interaction and relationships. My background in tech tailors my practice to those working in Silicon Valley, but my clients yield from all walks of life. I specialize in working with couples, adult individuals, those who have experienced trauma, those struggling with questions about their career and work life, mothers, women, pregnancy, and postpartum clients. To learn more about me, please visit victoriaalberini.com.
In 2015, I left my job at Google to pursue a career that better catered to my lifelong passion for human interaction and relationships. My background in tech tailors my practice to those working in Silicon Valley, but my clients yield from all walks of life. I specialize in working with couples, adult individuals, those who have experienced trauma, those struggling with questions about their career and work life, mothers, women, pregnancy, and postpartum clients. To learn more about me, please visit victoriaalberini.com.
(415) 594-4144 View (415) 594-4144
Photo of Richard S Barth, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Richard S Barth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
(510) 817-0429 View (510) 817-0429
Photo of Psychological Services, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Life is full of challenges that generate varied degrees of stress, anxiety and depression, even substance abuse. Challenges may include: Personal and family relationships, finances, career, illness and loss of creative engagement with your self and the world. Psychotherapy can offer time and a special place for self discovery, reflection, revitalization, resilience, insight, empowerment and access to your creativity; creative expression and creative living. Our lives can be what we imagine and want them to be. We can develop our active imagination to envision a life of purpose, meaning and the joy we are meant to have.
Life is full of challenges that generate varied degrees of stress, anxiety and depression, even substance abuse. Challenges may include: Personal and family relationships, finances, career, illness and loss of creative engagement with your self and the world. Psychotherapy can offer time and a special place for self discovery, reflection, revitalization, resilience, insight, empowerment and access to your creativity; creative expression and creative living. Our lives can be what we imagine and want them to be. We can develop our active imagination to envision a life of purpose, meaning and the joy we are meant to have.
(510) 880-3857 View (510) 880-3857
Photo of Richard Peng, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Richard Peng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Mental health affects us all in big and small ways – it’s present in everything we do and every day of our lives. It can be overwhelming at times, but it is not something anyone has to do on their own. Therapy is a place to lift that burden off your shoulders and shape your old ineffective behaviors into new meaningful next steps. If you're wanting to learn how to better understand your emotions, tame your thoughts, stress, and worries, build healthier relationships, and live a more fulfilling life, then you're in the right place.
Mental health affects us all in big and small ways – it’s present in everything we do and every day of our lives. It can be overwhelming at times, but it is not something anyone has to do on their own. Therapy is a place to lift that burden off your shoulders and shape your old ineffective behaviors into new meaningful next steps. If you're wanting to learn how to better understand your emotions, tame your thoughts, stress, and worries, build healthier relationships, and live a more fulfilling life, then you're in the right place.
(415) 214-8747 View (415) 214-8747
Photo of Melissa Murphy, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Melissa Murphy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, JD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Whether you or your child struggle with depression, anxiety, phobias, trauma, grief, life transitions, addiction or other conditions, I would be honored to accompany you or your loved ones on your healing journey. Our work will focus on creating the safety and acceptance that allows for change. Because our lives are shaped by the culture in which we live, we can also consider the social forces that may have shaped you, including racial, gender, and class biases.
Whether you or your child struggle with depression, anxiety, phobias, trauma, grief, life transitions, addiction or other conditions, I would be honored to accompany you or your loved ones on your healing journey. Our work will focus on creating the safety and acceptance that allows for change. Because our lives are shaped by the culture in which we live, we can also consider the social forces that may have shaped you, including racial, gender, and class biases.
(415) 792-0372 View (415) 792-0372
Jeff Sliemers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Being felt, heard and seen is the most important part of healing. I believe in giving an attuned presence to help you be the most embodied you can be. This process happens through emotional attunement and somatic mirroring. My training with Thomas Hubl has been instrumental in my own psycho-spiritual transformation. I have experienced my own wounds and view myself as a wounded healer. My own self growth journey and spiritual engagement has made my presence as a therapist one that is likely unique for you. I see wounded humans in a different light. My style of therapy integrates many modalities that help you reach your potential.
Being felt, heard and seen is the most important part of healing. I believe in giving an attuned presence to help you be the most embodied you can be. This process happens through emotional attunement and somatic mirroring. My training with Thomas Hubl has been instrumental in my own psycho-spiritual transformation. I have experienced my own wounds and view myself as a wounded healer. My own self growth journey and spiritual engagement has made my presence as a therapist one that is likely unique for you. I see wounded humans in a different light. My style of therapy integrates many modalities that help you reach your potential.
(341) 222-3678 View (341) 222-3678
Photo of Dallas Mark, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dallas Mark
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Difficulties in life limit one’s capacity to experience joy, to move through painful experiences with flexibility and strength, and to live fully. The difficulty might manifest as depression, anxiety, and perhaps just a feeling that more is possible. Is a persistent feeling of lethargy or being down keeping you from taking the steps you feel you need to take? Do you worry excessively about the future, or about what others think? Do you feel that you are missing something? Are you trying to come to terms with existential realities?
Difficulties in life limit one’s capacity to experience joy, to move through painful experiences with flexibility and strength, and to live fully. The difficulty might manifest as depression, anxiety, and perhaps just a feeling that more is possible. Is a persistent feeling of lethargy or being down keeping you from taking the steps you feel you need to take? Do you worry excessively about the future, or about what others think? Do you feel that you are missing something? Are you trying to come to terms with existential realities?
(510) 892-5765 View (510) 892-5765
Photo of Sita G Patel, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Sita G Patel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I have been a licensed clinical psychologist in California since 2010. Using an authentic and direct approach, I treat a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal and family challenges, and trauma. I work collaboratively with clients to develop collaborative therapy goals, track progress, build ongoing coping skills, and deepen emotional insight. In sessions, my approach is client-centered, warm, and culturally-sensitive.
I have been a licensed clinical psychologist in California since 2010. Using an authentic and direct approach, I treat a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal and family challenges, and trauma. I work collaboratively with clients to develop collaborative therapy goals, track progress, build ongoing coping skills, and deepen emotional insight. In sessions, my approach is client-centered, warm, and culturally-sensitive.
(510) 288-5165 View (510) 288-5165
Photo of Lori Mothersell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lori Mothersell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I work with individuals, couples, and families to guide them to achieve more satisfying, meaningful relationships and social adjustment. I believe therapy is a collaborative, creative process to unveil hidden strengths and courage to motivate change and create new experiences in your life. Creating a therapeutic relationship that feels safe and trusting enough to take personal and emotional risks is important. Through an eclectic approach best suited for my client, I have had success treating a wide range of issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, past trauma, and grief/loss.
I work with individuals, couples, and families to guide them to achieve more satisfying, meaningful relationships and social adjustment. I believe therapy is a collaborative, creative process to unveil hidden strengths and courage to motivate change and create new experiences in your life. Creating a therapeutic relationship that feels safe and trusting enough to take personal and emotional risks is important. Through an eclectic approach best suited for my client, I have had success treating a wide range of issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, past trauma, and grief/loss.
(415) 689-9058 View (415) 689-9058
Photo of Stephen Colgan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stephen Colgan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
It’s not new insight that will free you, but new experience- new experience of yourself. If you’re trapped in a cycle of the same experiences, inner and outer- you’re suffering. You’re moving through the same patterns over and over- an emotional Groundhog Day. That’s why you’re seeking help. Growth, change, new neural pathways, new freedom, come from new experience. That’s what effective therapy offers.
It’s not new insight that will free you, but new experience- new experience of yourself. If you’re trapped in a cycle of the same experiences, inner and outer- you’re suffering. You’re moving through the same patterns over and over- an emotional Groundhog Day. That’s why you’re seeking help. Growth, change, new neural pathways, new freedom, come from new experience. That’s what effective therapy offers.
(510) 241-4246 View (510) 241-4246
Photo of Kyla M Brooke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kyla M Brooke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CMT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I work with the person that you are and the body that you have. Together, we can examine and release unwanted patterns in mind, body & spirit. You have choice in your life! Every day you can chose to be your best. I customize my work to meet your individual needs. I use techniques from Control Mastery, a powerful psychodynamic tool that supports letting go of unwanted belief systems. I have been working with body/mind medicine for 20 years. I believe that we CAN heal our past and create our future while focusing on living well in the present.
I work with the person that you are and the body that you have. Together, we can examine and release unwanted patterns in mind, body & spirit. You have choice in your life! Every day you can chose to be your best. I customize my work to meet your individual needs. I use techniques from Control Mastery, a powerful psychodynamic tool that supports letting go of unwanted belief systems. I have been working with body/mind medicine for 20 years. I believe that we CAN heal our past and create our future while focusing on living well in the present.
(707) 385-1927 View (707) 385-1927
Photo of Lauren Grayman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lauren Grayman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Life can naturally get so busy that it leads to overstimulation, as well as a feeling of being overwhelmed. Add in any life transition, such as parenting, blended family structures, relationship changes and professional transitions, and those feelings are amplified. Hitting the pause button, taking a deep breath, gaining the tools to meet any issue that arises, is one way to lessen those overwhelming feelings. Finding a therapist is a great way to take that pause, take that time for yourself. It will allow you the space to slow down, breathe and talk about what you are experiencing and to find ways to live a balanced life.
Life can naturally get so busy that it leads to overstimulation, as well as a feeling of being overwhelmed. Add in any life transition, such as parenting, blended family structures, relationship changes and professional transitions, and those feelings are amplified. Hitting the pause button, taking a deep breath, gaining the tools to meet any issue that arises, is one way to lessen those overwhelming feelings. Finding a therapist is a great way to take that pause, take that time for yourself. It will allow you the space to slow down, breathe and talk about what you are experiencing and to find ways to live a balanced life.
(510) 319-0113 View (510) 319-0113
Photo of Jordana Delory, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Jordana Delory
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, PRDT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
When challenges and struggles in life arise, you do not have to walk alone. Whether you have experienced a recent life transition, loss, setback, have struggled with mental health or addiction challenges, or, are seeking support to heal from a recent or childhood trauma, I will be honored to guide you to gain control of your life and reclaim your personal power. I have committed nearly two decades holding a safe and empowered space for adults, children, and adolescents to discover their human potential, heal from trauma, and develop the tools to live a life of vitality and empowerment.
When challenges and struggles in life arise, you do not have to walk alone. Whether you have experienced a recent life transition, loss, setback, have struggled with mental health or addiction challenges, or, are seeking support to heal from a recent or childhood trauma, I will be honored to guide you to gain control of your life and reclaim your personal power. I have committed nearly two decades holding a safe and empowered space for adults, children, and adolescents to discover their human potential, heal from trauma, and develop the tools to live a life of vitality and empowerment.
(510) 372-2274 View (510) 372-2274
Photo of David Chung, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
David Chung
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I care deeply about supporting my clients on their evolving journey towards healing and returning to the truth of who they really are, and I honor their autonomy and unique life experiences as essential to their growth and unfolding. Coming from a first-gen immigrant family, I know that our lives can often be impacted by layers of familial & cultural pressures, trauma, and childhood wounding. I hold compassionate space to explore these aspects of experience through a holistic and trauma-informed lens. As an integrative therapist, I use a variety of approaches including EMDR.
I care deeply about supporting my clients on their evolving journey towards healing and returning to the truth of who they really are, and I honor their autonomy and unique life experiences as essential to their growth and unfolding. Coming from a first-gen immigrant family, I know that our lives can often be impacted by layers of familial & cultural pressures, trauma, and childhood wounding. I hold compassionate space to explore these aspects of experience through a holistic and trauma-informed lens. As an integrative therapist, I use a variety of approaches including EMDR.
(510) 330-0465 View (510) 330-0465
Photo of Kamila LaShaun Houston Baker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kamila LaShaun Houston Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Everyone deserves the freedom to define themselves and access services that genuinely meet their needs. I am here to support you process through past experiences that are keeping you stuck and build your confidence to create the life you want. As a Black, Queer, and Genderqueer therapist, I offer individual and group therapy services that honor and center Black and other POC communities. I am currently offering bi-weekly, in-person appointments.
Everyone deserves the freedom to define themselves and access services that genuinely meet their needs. I am here to support you process through past experiences that are keeping you stuck and build your confidence to create the life you want. As a Black, Queer, and Genderqueer therapist, I offer individual and group therapy services that honor and center Black and other POC communities. I am currently offering bi-weekly, in-person appointments.
(510) 876-4897 View (510) 876-4897

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.