Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

View neighborhoods in Minneapolis
Photo of Kelly Fern, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Kelly Fern
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
I love working with people who are ready to work to grow. Being in therapy takes courage, and it takes commitment to growth. While I meet my clients where they are, I love encouraging growth at the same time. I use a somatic whole-body and mind approach. I believe people are incredibly resilient when they feel supported and safe enough to express their feelings, thoughts, sensations, meaning making, and to be themselves.
I love working with people who are ready to work to grow. Being in therapy takes courage, and it takes commitment to growth. While I meet my clients where they are, I love encouraging growth at the same time. I use a somatic whole-body and mind approach. I believe people are incredibly resilient when they feel supported and safe enough to express their feelings, thoughts, sensations, meaning making, and to be themselves.
(763) 452-9132 View (763) 452-9132
Photo of Janice Winchester Nadeau, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Janice Winchester Nadeau
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LMFT, RN, FT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403  (Online Only)
I am an experienced psychologist, couple and family therapist and nurse. Having had a career as a nurse clinician and educator before I became a mental health professional I can address a broad range of issues. I enjoy helping people find ways to improve the quality of their lives and their relationships. I believe that, in general, people do the best they can under the circumstances. I also believe that people are most likely made desired change in a positive environment where they feel accepted and respected. My goal is to create that kind of an environment. Welcome.
I am an experienced psychologist, couple and family therapist and nurse. Having had a career as a nurse clinician and educator before I became a mental health professional I can address a broad range of issues. I enjoy helping people find ways to improve the quality of their lives and their relationships. I believe that, in general, people do the best they can under the circumstances. I also believe that people are most likely made desired change in a positive environment where they feel accepted and respected. My goal is to create that kind of an environment. Welcome.
(612) 255-9277 x1 View (612) 255-9277 x1
Photo of Jessi Leader, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Jessi Leader
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
I am honored to work with individuals, couples and families who experience conflict and disconnection. With couples and families this may look like: infidelity, lack of intimacy, sexual concerns, parenting challenges, broken trust, lack of communication, difficult transitions and not feeling validated. You will have a safe place to share your reality, while being held accountable. Let's get you seen and heard by one another!
I am honored to work with individuals, couples and families who experience conflict and disconnection. With couples and families this may look like: infidelity, lack of intimacy, sexual concerns, parenting challenges, broken trust, lack of communication, difficult transitions and not feeling validated. You will have a safe place to share your reality, while being held accountable. Let's get you seen and heard by one another!
(612) 502-8926 View (612) 502-8926
Photo of Brooke Keilholtz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Minneapolis, MN
Brooke Keilholtz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PhD, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55439
There are many stressors and situations in life that may cause disconnect from our selves and others. This may lead to feelings of irritability, sadness, stuck-ness, or resentment, as well as less fulfillment in relationships or at work. In my approach, I aim to reestablish or strengthen the connection one has with themself and others. I work to understand your perspective, build awareness and compassion, and increase resources, like coping and communication skills, that assist you in living an intentional and enjoyable life.
There are many stressors and situations in life that may cause disconnect from our selves and others. This may lead to feelings of irritability, sadness, stuck-ness, or resentment, as well as less fulfillment in relationships or at work. In my approach, I aim to reestablish or strengthen the connection one has with themself and others. I work to understand your perspective, build awareness and compassion, and increase resources, like coping and communication skills, that assist you in living an intentional and enjoyable life.
(612) 887-3416 x101 View (612) 887-3416 x101
Photo of Alexis Bartholomew, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Alexis Bartholomew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55418  (Online Only)
Life can be messy at times. I am here to help you sort out the messy parts in addition to celebrating your wins! I privilege, honor, and center the experiences and inner wisdom of my clients to help them resolve problems and improve their relationships. I believe that people are inherently good, capable, and resilient. You are the expert on your life, and my job is to witness and respond creatively to the challenges you experience with creative, effective interventions in a safe, shame-free space where you can feel heard and understood. I am also a board approved supervisor with the BMFT and the BBHT.
Life can be messy at times. I am here to help you sort out the messy parts in addition to celebrating your wins! I privilege, honor, and center the experiences and inner wisdom of my clients to help them resolve problems and improve their relationships. I believe that people are inherently good, capable, and resilient. You are the expert on your life, and my job is to witness and respond creatively to the challenges you experience with creative, effective interventions in a safe, shame-free space where you can feel heard and understood. I am also a board approved supervisor with the BMFT and the BBHT.
(763) 347-2723 View (763) 347-2723
Photo of Patricia Ann Lucas, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Patricia Ann Lucas
Counselor, PhD, R-DMT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
It is my experience that the fullest, most satisfying healing involves our whole person, mind, body, and spirit. By focusing on patterns of movement in the body as well as thinking, we work together to achieve your goals for therapy. A body based and energetic focus is often a new and effective way for people to resolve issues that only talking about them did not reach. I look for resistance and protective actions that no longer serve a person. I emphasize developing aliveness in the body, feeling joyful, free, and peace.
It is my experience that the fullest, most satisfying healing involves our whole person, mind, body, and spirit. By focusing on patterns of movement in the body as well as thinking, we work together to achieve your goals for therapy. A body based and energetic focus is often a new and effective way for people to resolve issues that only talking about them did not reach. I look for resistance and protective actions that no longer serve a person. I emphasize developing aliveness in the body, feeling joyful, free, and peace.
(612) 326-6793 View (612) 326-6793
William Drescher
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409  (Online Only)
I help people remember how awesome they truly are. Prior to entering private practice, I spent three years at a leading treatment center where I worked with a variety of people in a variety of unique circumstances. I am passionate about working with clients to improve their sense of self-compassion, and well-being, and transcend maladapted beliefs. My practice and work is inspired by the work of Gabor Mate, Richard Schwartz, and Buddhist Psychology. I am a Master's level pre-mental health licensure professional with experience working with individuals with co-occurring disorders.
I help people remember how awesome they truly are. Prior to entering private practice, I spent three years at a leading treatment center where I worked with a variety of people in a variety of unique circumstances. I am passionate about working with clients to improve their sense of self-compassion, and well-being, and transcend maladapted beliefs. My practice and work is inspired by the work of Gabor Mate, Richard Schwartz, and Buddhist Psychology. I am a Master's level pre-mental health licensure professional with experience working with individuals with co-occurring disorders.
(612) 662-2364 View (612) 662-2364
Photo of Maddy Grubb, LPC Intern in Minneapolis, MN
Maddy Grubb
LPC Intern, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
My ideal client is curious and authentic about the ways in which they conceptualize their struggles. I believe there is not just a meaning of life, there is also meaning in life - we suffer when we lose sight of our "why." It takes great bravery to trust another while on the path to healing, and I take that trust very seriously. No matter the circumstance bringing you to therapy, you deserve to live a purposeful and happy life. Therapy is individual and unique, and I want to share in an experience that is meaningful for you and your goals.
My ideal client is curious and authentic about the ways in which they conceptualize their struggles. I believe there is not just a meaning of life, there is also meaning in life - we suffer when we lose sight of our "why." It takes great bravery to trust another while on the path to healing, and I take that trust very seriously. No matter the circumstance bringing you to therapy, you deserve to live a purposeful and happy life. Therapy is individual and unique, and I want to share in an experience that is meaningful for you and your goals.
(651) 448-7669 View (651) 448-7669
Photo of Christine Mia Kerno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Christine Mia Kerno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in trauma focused EMDR and Adaptive Internal Relations (AIR Network), substance use issues, and the care and treatment of the LGBTQIA community including transgender folk. As a male to female transgender person and a mental health professional I provide culturally specific services to the LGBTQIA community. I am an expert in the care and treatment of people living with or at high risk for HIV.
I specialize in trauma focused EMDR and Adaptive Internal Relations (AIR Network), substance use issues, and the care and treatment of the LGBTQIA community including transgender folk. As a male to female transgender person and a mental health professional I provide culturally specific services to the LGBTQIA community. I am an expert in the care and treatment of people living with or at high risk for HIV.
(612) 261-0871 View (612) 261-0871
Photo of Connie G. Palacio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Connie G. Palacio
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA, LMFT, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439
Helping those experiencing personal, emotional, relationship, family, traumatic experiences or psychological struggles. Therapy is a journey of growth and self discovery. Let's embark on that life journey together. It takes courage to seek for a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. As you get ready to start this journey, I will be there to support and empower you. My counseling style is warm, patient, kind and interactive. I believe in treating anyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
Helping those experiencing personal, emotional, relationship, family, traumatic experiences or psychological struggles. Therapy is a journey of growth and self discovery. Let's embark on that life journey together. It takes courage to seek for a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. As you get ready to start this journey, I will be there to support and empower you. My counseling style is warm, patient, kind and interactive. I believe in treating anyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
(612) 662-6560 View (612) 662-6560
Photo of Theresa J Crawford, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Theresa J Crawford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Waitlist for new clients
If you're feeling alone in whatever you're struggling with, I'm here to help. I have compassion and vast life experience to help support and guide you through this. I provide a safe and accepting space, where you can access your most creative, intuitive self, and find answers within. Together, things won't seem so hard. I am offering my regular services via telehealth or in person. Email me for more information.
If you're feeling alone in whatever you're struggling with, I'm here to help. I have compassion and vast life experience to help support and guide you through this. I provide a safe and accepting space, where you can access your most creative, intuitive self, and find answers within. Together, things won't seem so hard. I am offering my regular services via telehealth or in person. Email me for more information.
(612) 223-7495 x2 View (612) 223-7495 x2
Photo of Annie Schwain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Annie Schwain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LADC, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55439
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about helping people who haven't felt supported before or who are struggling to feel supported and connected in their relationships now. Every person, every relationship, is unique. I strive to understand who YOU are and what unique experiences, history, and values have shaped your life.
I am passionate about helping people who haven't felt supported before or who are struggling to feel supported and connected in their relationships now. Every person, every relationship, is unique. I strive to understand who YOU are and what unique experiences, history, and values have shaped your life.
(612) 325-2919 View (612) 325-2919
Photo of Stacy Rankin Greco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Stacy Rankin Greco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Through the process of psychotherapy, I work together with my clients to help them: develop a better understanding of their histories, triggers and patterns in order to get unstuck and create new endings to old stories; build coping skills and capacity for resiliency in order to face stressors and fears that are blocking growth; learn to live authentically in order to create a life congruent with what matters to them. I feel passionate about my work. I always hope to help people realize their worth and competency so they can feel empowered to take charge of their lives and live with more purpose and fulfillment.
Through the process of psychotherapy, I work together with my clients to help them: develop a better understanding of their histories, triggers and patterns in order to get unstuck and create new endings to old stories; build coping skills and capacity for resiliency in order to face stressors and fears that are blocking growth; learn to live authentically in order to create a life congruent with what matters to them. I feel passionate about my work. I always hope to help people realize their worth and competency so they can feel empowered to take charge of their lives and live with more purpose and fulfillment.
(612) 294-8651 View (612) 294-8651
Photo of Jason Kell, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Jason Kell
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55413
I’ve received my Masters Degree in Mental Health Counseling at Denver Seminary, and practice as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). I specializes in therapies that work towards the healing of people who have experienced trauma and other stress-related disorders. I’m fully trained as an EMDR (Eye-Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) therapist. Moreover, I have completed the Somatic Experiencing (Beginning I, II & III) training modules through the SE Trauma Institute focused on healing and restoration.
I’ve received my Masters Degree in Mental Health Counseling at Denver Seminary, and practice as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). I specializes in therapies that work towards the healing of people who have experienced trauma and other stress-related disorders. I’m fully trained as an EMDR (Eye-Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) therapist. Moreover, I have completed the Somatic Experiencing (Beginning I, II & III) training modules through the SE Trauma Institute focused on healing and restoration.
(763) 878-7568 View (763) 878-7568
Photo of Larry Suess, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Larry Suess
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
You can grow through crisis and challenge! As a psychologist and family therapist I am interested in the family dynamics that have contributed to the issues my clients are facing. I'm especially interested in couples' issues because it's such a challenge to live with someone who inevitably brings up your issues. I'm a seasoned therapist, originally trained as a music therapist, who works with a wide range of issues from personal coaching to parenting, from depression/anxiety to spiritual growth. My view is that every crisis and difficult issue is an opportunity for personal growth.
You can grow through crisis and challenge! As a psychologist and family therapist I am interested in the family dynamics that have contributed to the issues my clients are facing. I'm especially interested in couples' issues because it's such a challenge to live with someone who inevitably brings up your issues. I'm a seasoned therapist, originally trained as a music therapist, who works with a wide range of issues from personal coaching to parenting, from depression/anxiety to spiritual growth. My view is that every crisis and difficult issue is an opportunity for personal growth.
(612) 293-7041 View (612) 293-7041
Photo of Kerry Aikman, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Kerry Aikman
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
My goal as a therapist is to offer my clients a relationship that is safe, empowering, and collaborative. Together, we will explore and understand your unique struggles and obstacles to greater self-awareness and personal growth. Through the therapy process, I help my clients more effectively cope with the demands of their lives. At the same time, I help them develop a greater understanding of the underlying causes and patterns that contribute to the stress in their lives.
My goal as a therapist is to offer my clients a relationship that is safe, empowering, and collaborative. Together, we will explore and understand your unique struggles and obstacles to greater self-awareness and personal growth. Through the therapy process, I help my clients more effectively cope with the demands of their lives. At the same time, I help them develop a greater understanding of the underlying causes and patterns that contribute to the stress in their lives.
(612) 223-7505 View (612) 223-7505
Photo of Nancy Giffen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Nancy Giffen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Pathway to peace. Hope and change. Possibility and potential. These are just a few of the words I think of when describing therapy. As a seasoned professional I've guided countless people out of confusion and despair and back into a place of strength and empowerment. My ultimate goal with everyone is to increase their understanding of themselves. I do this by teaching you how to notice information that is currently being missed. Or you notice it, but don't know what do to about it. I place an emphasis on the “Now what?” phase of therapy that shifts the focus from an intellectual understanding to the application of the material.
Pathway to peace. Hope and change. Possibility and potential. These are just a few of the words I think of when describing therapy. As a seasoned professional I've guided countless people out of confusion and despair and back into a place of strength and empowerment. My ultimate goal with everyone is to increase their understanding of themselves. I do this by teaching you how to notice information that is currently being missed. Or you notice it, but don't know what do to about it. I place an emphasis on the “Now what?” phase of therapy that shifts the focus from an intellectual understanding to the application of the material.
(612) 482-5815 View (612) 482-5815
Photo of Joe Molinari, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Joe Molinari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55401
You're here because something about sex or your relationship has been a concern for months or maybe years. You wonder "will it always be this way? Is it possible to feel better?" It's lonely and overwhelming to feel disconnected from your sexuality and your partner. It can cause a rift in your social life, trickle into your work, and your general ability to relax. I'm here to help you discover, heal, and renew erotic pleasure.
You're here because something about sex or your relationship has been a concern for months or maybe years. You wonder "will it always be this way? Is it possible to feel better?" It's lonely and overwhelming to feel disconnected from your sexuality and your partner. It can cause a rift in your social life, trickle into your work, and your general ability to relax. I'm here to help you discover, heal, and renew erotic pleasure.
(612) 354-8103 View (612) 354-8103
Photo of Karen S Sonnenberg, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Karen S Sonnenberg
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
Not accepting new clients
Working with people overwhelmed by trauma, depressed, anxious, or simply stuck, is a passion of mine. Why? Because I have found in both my own life & professional experience that, paradoxically, these painful areas of our life can offer us opportunity for personal growth and understanding ourselves. To be clear, this is not easy, and takes lots of courage. It's a journey, a practice, which leads to self-compassion & a healthy way to live authentically in the world. In a relationship of trust, I will support & challenge you to find your own inner wisdom, your own answers to wholehearted living.
Working with people overwhelmed by trauma, depressed, anxious, or simply stuck, is a passion of mine. Why? Because I have found in both my own life & professional experience that, paradoxically, these painful areas of our life can offer us opportunity for personal growth and understanding ourselves. To be clear, this is not easy, and takes lots of courage. It's a journey, a practice, which leads to self-compassion & a healthy way to live authentically in the world. In a relationship of trust, I will support & challenge you to find your own inner wisdom, your own answers to wholehearted living.
(612) 564-4339 View (612) 564-4339
Photo of Elizabeth Sederburg, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Elizabeth Sederburg
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Currently accepting new clients! I am a clinical psychology doctoral student with experience working with individuals (16+) dealing with a range of mental health concerns. I particularly enjoy working with individuals experiencing tough life transitions, anxiety, chemical dependency, grief/loss, and serious and persistent mental illnesses. My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that every individual possesses the capacity for self-awareness, personal growth, and finding meaning in their life regardless of their circumstances.
Currently accepting new clients! I am a clinical psychology doctoral student with experience working with individuals (16+) dealing with a range of mental health concerns. I particularly enjoy working with individuals experiencing tough life transitions, anxiety, chemical dependency, grief/loss, and serious and persistent mental illnesses. My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that every individual possesses the capacity for self-awareness, personal growth, and finding meaning in their life regardless of their circumstances.
(612) 324-4589 View (612) 324-4589

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% UCare
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.