Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Kitty Kloud, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Kitty Kloud
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97215
You feel lost, hopeless, and overwhelmed. You may have just received a diagnosis or started to question if you may have ADHD. Or, You may have complex trauma and feel therapy isn't working. If you have struggled healing trauma in the past, are having problems managing your ADHD symptoms, I have proven techniques and skills that will help you take back control in your life and emotional world. Whatever your situation, you deserve relief. Give yourself the chance to thrive.
You feel lost, hopeless, and overwhelmed. You may have just received a diagnosis or started to question if you may have ADHD. Or, You may have complex trauma and feel therapy isn't working. If you have struggled healing trauma in the past, are having problems managing your ADHD symptoms, I have proven techniques and skills that will help you take back control in your life and emotional world. Whatever your situation, you deserve relief. Give yourself the chance to thrive.
(503) 832-6218 View (503) 832-6218
Photo of Raquel Mayer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Raquel Mayer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202  (Online Only)
Seeking therapeutic support can be a crucial step in a journey towards growth and healing. You are the expert of you -- You can help decide what your process in therapy will look like - whether that is getting support around a life transition, seeking coping strategies for pandemic fatigue, managing anxiety, processing body image concerns, navigating boundary issues in relationships, coming to terms with identity, or struggling with feelings of shame, I am here to listen without judgment and sit beside you with care. My hope is to hold space and offer tools along the way that help to build upon your unique identities and strengths.
Seeking therapeutic support can be a crucial step in a journey towards growth and healing. You are the expert of you -- You can help decide what your process in therapy will look like - whether that is getting support around a life transition, seeking coping strategies for pandemic fatigue, managing anxiety, processing body image concerns, navigating boundary issues in relationships, coming to terms with identity, or struggling with feelings of shame, I am here to listen without judgment and sit beside you with care. My hope is to hold space and offer tools along the way that help to build upon your unique identities and strengths.
(971) 224-7620 View (971) 224-7620
Photo of Jennifer Navarro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Jennifer Navarro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97215
Waitlist for new clients
The human condition is stressful for everyone right now. Healthcare providers, LGBTQ2SIA + and those with chronic pain/medical illness are feeling it more than ever. Depression, anxiety and trauma responses can be overlooked/minimized. What you are experiencing is real and you deserve the time, space and support to explore this. Are your thoughts, feelings and behaviors getting in the way of your relationships/work/goals/well-being? Are you taking better care of others than you are of yourself? Is it time to move beyond surviving and begin thriving? If so, perhaps it's time to reach out for a helping hand. All are welcome here.
The human condition is stressful for everyone right now. Healthcare providers, LGBTQ2SIA + and those with chronic pain/medical illness are feeling it more than ever. Depression, anxiety and trauma responses can be overlooked/minimized. What you are experiencing is real and you deserve the time, space and support to explore this. Are your thoughts, feelings and behaviors getting in the way of your relationships/work/goals/well-being? Are you taking better care of others than you are of yourself? Is it time to move beyond surviving and begin thriving? If so, perhaps it's time to reach out for a helping hand. All are welcome here.
(503) 868-2273 View (503) 868-2273
Photo of Tracy Braden, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Tracy Braden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
If you are struggling you don't have to be. I can help you figure out how to let go of what's got you stuck and how to find more joy in your life. Clients dealing with stress, lack of focus, emotional issues, feelings of hopeless, and self defeating attitudes find new ways of thinking and being by working with me. Interested in using insurance? I am paneled with BCBS, UBH, MODA, Aetna, Cigna, and Pacific Source.
If you are struggling you don't have to be. I can help you figure out how to let go of what's got you stuck and how to find more joy in your life. Clients dealing with stress, lack of focus, emotional issues, feelings of hopeless, and self defeating attitudes find new ways of thinking and being by working with me. Interested in using insurance? I am paneled with BCBS, UBH, MODA, Aetna, Cigna, and Pacific Source.
(971) 274-5954 View (971) 274-5954
Photo of Susan Richmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Susan Richmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205  (Online Only)
Welcome and thank you for including me in your search! Taking the brave step to learn more about who you are is a great gift to yourself. If you are experiencing anxious and/or depressed feelings due to issues regarding work, relationships, life transitions, social pressures, sexual identity, grief, illness, trauma, or abuse, we can address and work through these challenges together.
Welcome and thank you for including me in your search! Taking the brave step to learn more about who you are is a great gift to yourself. If you are experiencing anxious and/or depressed feelings due to issues regarding work, relationships, life transitions, social pressures, sexual identity, grief, illness, trauma, or abuse, we can address and work through these challenges together.
(503) 683-7027 View (503) 683-7027
Photo of Natalie Rhodes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Natalie Rhodes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97204  (Online Only)
I consider myself to be a body inclusive therapist who specializes in helping clients recover from disordered eating behaviors, weight stigma, body image concerns and impacts from diet culture. I also serve clients experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms, family issues (such as divorce & addiction), adjustment issues, impacts from COVID-19 and trauma (such as intimate partner violence & sexual assault). I currently offer individual therapy for teens and adults. I am LGBTQIA+ & BIPOC affirming and knowledgeable.
I consider myself to be a body inclusive therapist who specializes in helping clients recover from disordered eating behaviors, weight stigma, body image concerns and impacts from diet culture. I also serve clients experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms, family issues (such as divorce & addiction), adjustment issues, impacts from COVID-19 and trauma (such as intimate partner violence & sexual assault). I currently offer individual therapy for teens and adults. I am LGBTQIA+ & BIPOC affirming and knowledgeable.
(503) 433-8831 View (503) 433-8831
Photo of John Coyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
John Coyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, one of my primary intentions is to help my clients understand, respond to, successfully cope with, and make meaning of the difficulties they're going through. If you're dealing with symptoms of depression or anxiety, the impact of trauma or abuse, grief, or you suffer from symptoms of ADHD or Bipolar give me a call and let me help you achieve positive change, greater wellness, stability, and enrichment in life. I'm also a veteran of the US military, and so am uniquely qualified to understand the needs of veterans and their problems. I accept most major health insurance and private pay clients.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, one of my primary intentions is to help my clients understand, respond to, successfully cope with, and make meaning of the difficulties they're going through. If you're dealing with symptoms of depression or anxiety, the impact of trauma or abuse, grief, or you suffer from symptoms of ADHD or Bipolar give me a call and let me help you achieve positive change, greater wellness, stability, and enrichment in life. I'm also a veteran of the US military, and so am uniquely qualified to understand the needs of veterans and their problems. I accept most major health insurance and private pay clients.
(971) 339-0557 View (971) 339-0557
Photo of Carol S Jones, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Carol S Jones
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97217
Not accepting new clients
My practice provides psychological services for adults. My practice has developed out of a special concern for assisting individuals and their families understand their total psychological experience, including the significance of unconscious emotional processes, which greatly affect psychological well being. Psychotherapy helps individuals learn to use their internal and external resources to their fullest potential. Psychotherapy also encourages and supports healthy emotional development by helping individuals understand and utilize their emotional experience.
My practice provides psychological services for adults. My practice has developed out of a special concern for assisting individuals and their families understand their total psychological experience, including the significance of unconscious emotional processes, which greatly affect psychological well being. Psychotherapy helps individuals learn to use their internal and external resources to their fullest potential. Psychotherapy also encourages and supports healthy emotional development by helping individuals understand and utilize their emotional experience.
(503) 288-6066 View (503) 288-6066
Photo of Riah Sorn-Ampai, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Portland, OR
Riah Sorn-Ampai
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97209  (Online Only)
As our identities grow and shift as we move through life, it can be overwhelming to try and navigate those changes alone– especially when we feel like we're "supposed" to act, feel, or be a certain way. Those pressures may come from narratives that we’ve internalized from others, whether that be from our families, our peers, or society at large. My aim is to create a warm, collaborative, and affirming space where we can explore and bring awareness to the stories that make up your life narrative: celebrating the stories that honor your experiences and gently deconstructing the narratives that no longer serve you.
As our identities grow and shift as we move through life, it can be overwhelming to try and navigate those changes alone– especially when we feel like we're "supposed" to act, feel, or be a certain way. Those pressures may come from narratives that we’ve internalized from others, whether that be from our families, our peers, or society at large. My aim is to create a warm, collaborative, and affirming space where we can explore and bring awareness to the stories that make up your life narrative: celebrating the stories that honor your experiences and gently deconstructing the narratives that no longer serve you.
(971) 298-3521 View (971) 298-3521
Photo of Tricia O'Connor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Tricia O'Connor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97204  (Online Only)
Tricia O’Connor is a Licensed Professional Counselor. She has over a decade of clinical experience including residential, community, and private practice settings. Tricia specializes in providing therapy to individuals experiencing adjustment/life transition, depression, anxiety, stress management, religious/spiritual issues, and loss.
Tricia O’Connor is a Licensed Professional Counselor. She has over a decade of clinical experience including residential, community, and private practice settings. Tricia specializes in providing therapy to individuals experiencing adjustment/life transition, depression, anxiety, stress management, religious/spiritual issues, and loss.
(971) 599-2618 View (971) 599-2618
Photo of Congruent Therapy: Regan Cooke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Congruent Therapy: Regan Cooke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97215  (Online Only)
Healing is a journey, and I'm here to guide you through trauma, depression, anxiety, and the quest for self-worth. Come as you are.
Healing is a journey, and I'm here to guide you through trauma, depression, anxiety, and the quest for self-worth. Come as you are.
(503) 461-0064 View (503) 461-0064
Photo of Gillian Boudreau, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Gillian Boudreau
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed school psychologist. I hold a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY. Urban and rural, inpatient and outpatient work settings have taught me about the many challenges an individual may face including experiences of oppression and injustice, as well as a deep appreciation for the richness of the human experience. My style is described as warm, analytical and collaborative, balancing deep emotional work with elements of humor and lightness when appropriate. I aim to help clients address the root of complex challenges, in a safe and supported way.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed school psychologist. I hold a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY. Urban and rural, inpatient and outpatient work settings have taught me about the many challenges an individual may face including experiences of oppression and injustice, as well as a deep appreciation for the richness of the human experience. My style is described as warm, analytical and collaborative, balancing deep emotional work with elements of humor and lightness when appropriate. I aim to help clients address the root of complex challenges, in a safe and supported way.
(971) 306-4786 View (971) 306-4786
Photo of Jeff Whritenour, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Jeff Whritenour
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97209
I assist adults and couples with psycho-spiritual practices, relationships, parenting, life transitions, anxiety/depression, and loss. My practice is oriented toward psychological and spiritual integration. Through a combination of mindfulness, somatic and systems therapies, clients develop deeper relationship with all aspects of themself. Together, we'll help you access more Love and appreciation for parts of yourself you may judge harshly; and look for guidance from the Wisdom that you already embody.
I assist adults and couples with psycho-spiritual practices, relationships, parenting, life transitions, anxiety/depression, and loss. My practice is oriented toward psychological and spiritual integration. Through a combination of mindfulness, somatic and systems therapies, clients develop deeper relationship with all aspects of themself. Together, we'll help you access more Love and appreciation for parts of yourself you may judge harshly; and look for guidance from the Wisdom that you already embody.
(503) 567-4975 View (503) 567-4975
Photo of Katia Duncan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Katia Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97221  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with teens & adults (ages 14-25) and offer Telehealth sessions. If you are feeling ready to explore your intersectional identities, wanting tools to overcome feelings of overwhelm or anxiety, or just want someone to talk to about life as you try to navigate it, we might be a good fit! It is our task in therapy to help you find the parts of yourself you want to explore and lean into, to find ways to exist fully realized.
I specialize in working with teens & adults (ages 14-25) and offer Telehealth sessions. If you are feeling ready to explore your intersectional identities, wanting tools to overcome feelings of overwhelm or anxiety, or just want someone to talk to about life as you try to navigate it, we might be a good fit! It is our task in therapy to help you find the parts of yourself you want to explore and lean into, to find ways to exist fully realized.
(503) 217-6133 View (503) 217-6133
Photo of Alissa Holmes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Alissa Holmes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
While we can't always change our circumstances, we can always learn to respond to life's challenges in a way that correspond with our most deeply-held values. If depression or anxiety are stealing joy from your life, we can use the therapeutic space to help increase your resiliency and coping skills so you can refocus on the things that matter most to you. If you are struggling with substances or alcohol, we can non-judgmentally explore what kind of change you may wish to make. If you're not sure what you need, you just know you need some kind of help, that's okay too! Therapy is a place for compassionate self-exploration.
While we can't always change our circumstances, we can always learn to respond to life's challenges in a way that correspond with our most deeply-held values. If depression or anxiety are stealing joy from your life, we can use the therapeutic space to help increase your resiliency and coping skills so you can refocus on the things that matter most to you. If you are struggling with substances or alcohol, we can non-judgmentally explore what kind of change you may wish to make. If you're not sure what you need, you just know you need some kind of help, that's okay too! Therapy is a place for compassionate self-exploration.
(503) 966-9455 View (503) 966-9455
Photo of Greg Lucas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Greg Lucas
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97219
Accepting new clients June 15th 2024. I work with individuals and couples facing a variety of challenges. I will help you tackle depression, anxiety, conflict, PTSD, grief and other challenges so that pain and fear do not block you from life satisfaction and good relationships. Where you feel stuck can be what propels you forward. What causes you pain can be what ultimately changes your life situation. My approach is sensitive, compassionate, humorous at times, and defined by a passion for helping others live their best life.
Accepting new clients June 15th 2024. I work with individuals and couples facing a variety of challenges. I will help you tackle depression, anxiety, conflict, PTSD, grief and other challenges so that pain and fear do not block you from life satisfaction and good relationships. Where you feel stuck can be what propels you forward. What causes you pain can be what ultimately changes your life situation. My approach is sensitive, compassionate, humorous at times, and defined by a passion for helping others live their best life.
(503) 479-4789 View (503) 479-4789
Photo of Jillynn Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Jillynn Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97202  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a humanistic, strengths-based queer identified therapist. I have 20+ years experience supporting clients from the LGBTQIA2S+ community, neurodivergent clients and individuals navigating trauma, anxiety, depression and various life transitions. I believe that trust is the foundation of a healthy therapeutic relationship and as such, I commit to showing up to our work together as authentically, and with as much transparency, as possible. I will support you in exploring the deeper questions related to whatever challenge you are navigating and hold space for you as you explore the thoughts, feelings and insights that arise.
I am a humanistic, strengths-based queer identified therapist. I have 20+ years experience supporting clients from the LGBTQIA2S+ community, neurodivergent clients and individuals navigating trauma, anxiety, depression and various life transitions. I believe that trust is the foundation of a healthy therapeutic relationship and as such, I commit to showing up to our work together as authentically, and with as much transparency, as possible. I will support you in exploring the deeper questions related to whatever challenge you are navigating and hold space for you as you explore the thoughts, feelings and insights that arise.
(503) 479-2095 View (503) 479-2095
Photo of Daniella Marchick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Daniella Marchick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, MS
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
5am -1pm Telehealth spots OPEN for you or your parents! I support elder caregivers learn coping skills and emotional awareness so that they can provide consistent, sustainable, and compassionate care to a recipient. As a seasoned therapist specializing in eldercaregivers, I understand the challenges faced by both adult children and spouses as they navigate the complexities including navigating difficult decisions, working together with others, attending to relationship to death and managing burnout. Grappling with a myriad of emotions, including guilt, stress, grief and uncertainty is supported through the safe therapy space.
5am -1pm Telehealth spots OPEN for you or your parents! I support elder caregivers learn coping skills and emotional awareness so that they can provide consistent, sustainable, and compassionate care to a recipient. As a seasoned therapist specializing in eldercaregivers, I understand the challenges faced by both adult children and spouses as they navigate the complexities including navigating difficult decisions, working together with others, attending to relationship to death and managing burnout. Grappling with a myriad of emotions, including guilt, stress, grief and uncertainty is supported through the safe therapy space.
(971) 274-5611 View (971) 274-5611
Photo of Anna Esko, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Anna Esko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My approach begins with where you are feeling emotionally or physically stuck. We can feel tethered to the past, unsure about the future and not fully present in the now. I work with adults (18+) who are struggling with their identities within their personal beliefs, their relationships and our adapting environment. I will support you in building your understanding of your sense of self, explore your personal/professional boundaries and how that has impacted your relationships, learn your personal power of communication and work to have you be seen, heard and feeling safe in all areas of your life.
My approach begins with where you are feeling emotionally or physically stuck. We can feel tethered to the past, unsure about the future and not fully present in the now. I work with adults (18+) who are struggling with their identities within their personal beliefs, their relationships and our adapting environment. I will support you in building your understanding of your sense of self, explore your personal/professional boundaries and how that has impacted your relationships, learn your personal power of communication and work to have you be seen, heard and feeling safe in all areas of your life.
(458) 224-8703 View (458) 224-8703
Photo of James Matthew Mol, Psychologist in Portland, OR
James Matthew Mol
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97209
Your history and your goals for treatment are the most important parts of whatever kind of psychological services you engage in, and because of this, our work will begin with a careful and collaborative conversation about your situation and your narrative. This will culminate in a thoughtful discussion of treatment goals. You will find that I am an active participant in the work we do together, providing feedback and encouragement as you interact with new ways of approaching your self and your daily life.
Your history and your goals for treatment are the most important parts of whatever kind of psychological services you engage in, and because of this, our work will begin with a careful and collaborative conversation about your situation and your narrative. This will culminate in a thoughtful discussion of treatment goals. You will find that I am an active participant in the work we do together, providing feedback and encouragement as you interact with new ways of approaching your self and your daily life.
(971) 306-4734 View (971) 306-4734

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.