Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of M. Anne Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
M. Anne Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Change is a constant in life, while growth is a choice. Some life changes are desired and thrilling, some life changes are unwelcome and painful. The journey into older adulthood brings with it many changes and it’s not unusual to get stuck along the way. Perhaps you are exploring therapy at this time because you feel stuck, dissatisfied, lost or isolated. And maybe you feel ready to set aside time just for you. I’m an engaged and interactive therapist who believes that you have the answers within.
Change is a constant in life, while growth is a choice. Some life changes are desired and thrilling, some life changes are unwelcome and painful. The journey into older adulthood brings with it many changes and it’s not unusual to get stuck along the way. Perhaps you are exploring therapy at this time because you feel stuck, dissatisfied, lost or isolated. And maybe you feel ready to set aside time just for you. I’m an engaged and interactive therapist who believes that you have the answers within.
(510) 916-3363 View (510) 916-3363
Photo of Trish (Trishanjit) Singh, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Trish (Trishanjit) Singh
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Is your child having difficulty at school, with learning or being social? Is your child being called hyperactive, withdrawn, or distracted? Is your child seem angry, sad, worried, or nervous? Do you wonder if your child might benefit from special education services? Or if they need therapy? Do you wonder if your child is functioning at a level that is comparable to children within their peer group? Having a Psychological Assessment or Psycho-Ed Evaluation can help you learn how to help your child develop and grow in a safe manner and give your family answers to the above.
Is your child having difficulty at school, with learning or being social? Is your child being called hyperactive, withdrawn, or distracted? Is your child seem angry, sad, worried, or nervous? Do you wonder if your child might benefit from special education services? Or if they need therapy? Do you wonder if your child is functioning at a level that is comparable to children within their peer group? Having a Psychological Assessment or Psycho-Ed Evaluation can help you learn how to help your child develop and grow in a safe manner and give your family answers to the above.
(415) 570-7417 View (415) 570-7417
Photo of Kristie A Vogel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kristie A Vogel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Hi, I am an experienced therapist with over 25 years of working with individuals, groups, couples and families. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, fear, sadness, anger, or confusion, and the serenity and peace in your life is being compromised, I have experience helping people work through and understand these emotions. You can come out on the other side. I believe that everyone is wise and has their own solutions within themselves. I am dedicated to helping you find your solutions and your inner wisdom, so that you can live your life with joy, peace and serenity.
Hi, I am an experienced therapist with over 25 years of working with individuals, groups, couples and families. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, fear, sadness, anger, or confusion, and the serenity and peace in your life is being compromised, I have experience helping people work through and understand these emotions. You can come out on the other side. I believe that everyone is wise and has their own solutions within themselves. I am dedicated to helping you find your solutions and your inner wisdom, so that you can live your life with joy, peace and serenity.
(510) 358-8596 View (510) 358-8596
Photo of Michael Mayer, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Michael Mayer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
(510) 878-4268 View (510) 878-4268
Photo of Sophia Green Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sophia Green Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
You deserve support navigating life's challenges. You may be feeling overwhelm, worry, stuckness, perfectionism, self-doubt, difficult relationships, or any number of challenges many of us face. Together, we will work on what matters to you.
You deserve support navigating life's challenges. You may be feeling overwhelm, worry, stuckness, perfectionism, self-doubt, difficult relationships, or any number of challenges many of us face. Together, we will work on what matters to you.
(510) 340-7287 View (510) 340-7287
Photo of Takako J Ainsworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Takako J Ainsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I specialize in working with individuals with a focus on Jungian Depth Psychotherapy. Patients in my practice often feel a sense of being lost, stuck feeling empty, and confused and are looking for something to unlock the keys to their difficulties. These can be challenging times with today’s fast pace, with a daily influx of information and rapid changes in technology that make it difficult for us to find the truth and our best interest sometimes. The difficulties may manifest in depression, anxiety, or other somatic symptoms.
I specialize in working with individuals with a focus on Jungian Depth Psychotherapy. Patients in my practice often feel a sense of being lost, stuck feeling empty, and confused and are looking for something to unlock the keys to their difficulties. These can be challenging times with today’s fast pace, with a daily influx of information and rapid changes in technology that make it difficult for us to find the truth and our best interest sometimes. The difficulties may manifest in depression, anxiety, or other somatic symptoms.
(858) 943-2152 View (858) 943-2152
Photo of Carol Paxson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Carol Paxson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
If you would like to get to the root of your challenges in life and make lasting change, I'm here to help. You may have particular issues you want to work on. Or you may be discouraged, depressed, or constantly anxious. You may feel trapped by obligations and everyday pressures. Or you might just have a sense that you're not living your best, fullest life. I am here to affirm that your life can be better.
If you would like to get to the root of your challenges in life and make lasting change, I'm here to help. You may have particular issues you want to work on. Or you may be discouraged, depressed, or constantly anxious. You may feel trapped by obligations and everyday pressures. Or you might just have a sense that you're not living your best, fullest life. I am here to affirm that your life can be better.
(415) 634-9645 View (415) 634-9645
Photo of Sarika Bahl, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Sarika Bahl
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Feeling anxious or a decrease in self esteem? Is your child/teen struggling or having problems in school? Looking for support to live the life you want? Psychotherapy can help you form a better relationship with yourself, your family, and others. I work collaboratively with clients, establishing a warm, empathic environment that feels safe and free of judgement. I provide individual psychotherapy and family therapy across the lifespan, and have training and experience working with children, adolescents, parents, and individual adult clients. I offer office (Berkeley), walk & talk (East Bay) and virtual (anywhere in CA) appts.
Feeling anxious or a decrease in self esteem? Is your child/teen struggling or having problems in school? Looking for support to live the life you want? Psychotherapy can help you form a better relationship with yourself, your family, and others. I work collaboratively with clients, establishing a warm, empathic environment that feels safe and free of judgement. I provide individual psychotherapy and family therapy across the lifespan, and have training and experience working with children, adolescents, parents, and individual adult clients. I offer office (Berkeley), walk & talk (East Bay) and virtual (anywhere in CA) appts.
(510) 241-4323 View (510) 241-4323
Photo of Debra Milinsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Debra Milinsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Every journey.. your first thought to call a therapist when you need to talk to someone, begins with a single step. When anxiety, depression, stress, personal, family, work relationship problems lead you to reach out, I will listen and help you find the best way through. Experienced licensed psychotherapist, 40+ years in general psychotherapy practice, I provide a safe place to talk, explore, resolve, heal what is challenging or troubling. I bring compassion, perceptiveness combined with patience, curiosity and many years of knowledge and skill to our collaboration to help you find effective solutions and make better life choices.
Every journey.. your first thought to call a therapist when you need to talk to someone, begins with a single step. When anxiety, depression, stress, personal, family, work relationship problems lead you to reach out, I will listen and help you find the best way through. Experienced licensed psychotherapist, 40+ years in general psychotherapy practice, I provide a safe place to talk, explore, resolve, heal what is challenging or troubling. I bring compassion, perceptiveness combined with patience, curiosity and many years of knowledge and skill to our collaboration to help you find effective solutions and make better life choices.
(510) 761-5931 View (510) 761-5931
Photo of Monique Pierre-Louis, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Monique Pierre-Louis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
Not accepting new clients
We all can benefit from having a space to discuss our thoughts and learn more about ourselves. But deciding to go to therapy can be hard. My experience is working with Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with people with various issues including, with anxiety, depression, stress, relational issues, social/racial identity, people pondering life choices, grappling with belonging, dealing with health conditions, struggling with sleep, the elderly, engineers at NASA, and people in the Silicon valley technology community. We all need to be listened to and heard by others.
We all can benefit from having a space to discuss our thoughts and learn more about ourselves. But deciding to go to therapy can be hard. My experience is working with Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with people with various issues including, with anxiety, depression, stress, relational issues, social/racial identity, people pondering life choices, grappling with belonging, dealing with health conditions, struggling with sleep, the elderly, engineers at NASA, and people in the Silicon valley technology community. We all need to be listened to and heard by others.
(510) 896-3685 View (510) 896-3685
Photo of Peter Silen, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Peter Silen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Therapy is an opportunity. When familiar ways of being in the world no longer prove useful, therapy offers the possibility of discovering aspects of ourselves that can help us lead a richer, more fulfilling life. I offer both short-term treatment and long-term intensive treatment depending on your needs. Working to develop a safe relationship we can explore together how past events and patterns of relating to others contribute to difficulties with the goal of improving relationships and issues at work, and to help you achieve a more stable and fulfilling sense of who you are in the world.
Therapy is an opportunity. When familiar ways of being in the world no longer prove useful, therapy offers the possibility of discovering aspects of ourselves that can help us lead a richer, more fulfilling life. I offer both short-term treatment and long-term intensive treatment depending on your needs. Working to develop a safe relationship we can explore together how past events and patterns of relating to others contribute to difficulties with the goal of improving relationships and issues at work, and to help you achieve a more stable and fulfilling sense of who you are in the world.
(510) 606-9823 View (510) 606-9823
Photo of Willow Banks, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Willow Banks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Healthy relationships, including the one with ourselves, are essential to our well-being. When problems become too much to manage, the therapy relationship provides a supportive space for recovery and personal growth. Discussing your experiences with a caring professional makes it possible to explore thoughts and feelings as they show up. Regular meetings support the process, offering the chance to know yourself more fully over the course of therapy.
Healthy relationships, including the one with ourselves, are essential to our well-being. When problems become too much to manage, the therapy relationship provides a supportive space for recovery and personal growth. Discussing your experiences with a caring professional makes it possible to explore thoughts and feelings as they show up. Regular meetings support the process, offering the chance to know yourself more fully over the course of therapy.
(510) 291-4854 View (510) 291-4854
Photo of Amrit Schneider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Amrit Schneider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
CURRENT OPENINGS Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who utilizes an integrative and collaborative approach to create a strong alliance with each individual. I provide a holding space that fosters healing through self-awareness and building insight. My style is respectful, compassionate, and direct. I have extensive experience with goal-oriented approaches, as well as a deep understanding for how social and cultural contexts impact our lives. In addition, my work is influenced by psychoanalytic theory and attachment theory, and is informed by an awareness of trauma, including complex and inter-generational trauma.
CURRENT OPENINGS Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who utilizes an integrative and collaborative approach to create a strong alliance with each individual. I provide a holding space that fosters healing through self-awareness and building insight. My style is respectful, compassionate, and direct. I have extensive experience with goal-oriented approaches, as well as a deep understanding for how social and cultural contexts impact our lives. In addition, my work is influenced by psychoanalytic theory and attachment theory, and is informed by an awareness of trauma, including complex and inter-generational trauma.
(510) 422-1106 View (510) 422-1106
Photo of Nancy Perry, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Nancy Perry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
After a full career as a psychotherapist and Clinical Director of a nonprofit program that served adults on the autism spectrum, I am now working as an advocate for families with a loved one with disabilities on the spectrum.
After a full career as a psychotherapist and Clinical Director of a nonprofit program that served adults on the autism spectrum, I am now working as an advocate for families with a loved one with disabilities on the spectrum.
(510) 306-7568 View (510) 306-7568
Photo of Helen Chao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Helen Chao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Hello there - my name is Helen, and I am highly skilled in working with depression, anxiety, and stress. More specifically, I work with emotion dysregulation (fear, anger, sadness, dissociation; even personality disorders and complex PTSD). I am deeply curious and enjoy exploring and adventuring, which is reflected in the attentive and inclusive way I work as a therapist. At the same time, I am organized and structured, and am highly motivated to guide you in consistently working towards your treatment goals.
Hello there - my name is Helen, and I am highly skilled in working with depression, anxiety, and stress. More specifically, I work with emotion dysregulation (fear, anger, sadness, dissociation; even personality disorders and complex PTSD). I am deeply curious and enjoy exploring and adventuring, which is reflected in the attentive and inclusive way I work as a therapist. At the same time, I am organized and structured, and am highly motivated to guide you in consistently working towards your treatment goals.
(341) 895-6437 View (341) 895-6437
Photo of Center for Creative Growth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Center for Creative Growth
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94706
My name is Daniel Lesny, and I'm a therapist, supervisor, and Training Director at Center for Creative Growth. I see myself as a catalyst who helps you to be with, heal, and grow in the areas of life that are most important to you. For over 25 years, I have offered individual, couples, family, and group therapy, including our Center's acclaimed "Healing Your Past - Transforming Your Future" 20-session Intensive, now available to California residents via Zoom. Our Program helps you heal these painful legacies of growing up in a family where there was emotional, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, abandonment, or addiction.
My name is Daniel Lesny, and I'm a therapist, supervisor, and Training Director at Center for Creative Growth. I see myself as a catalyst who helps you to be with, heal, and grow in the areas of life that are most important to you. For over 25 years, I have offered individual, couples, family, and group therapy, including our Center's acclaimed "Healing Your Past - Transforming Your Future" 20-session Intensive, now available to California residents via Zoom. Our Program helps you heal these painful legacies of growing up in a family where there was emotional, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, abandonment, or addiction.
(510) 466-1456 View (510) 466-1456
Photo of Jane E Hargrave, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jane E Hargrave
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I work with people who find themselves, often unexpectedly, in the midst of a crisis: feeling anxious, depressed or alone. Perhaps you're facing a sudden loss or illness, conflict in a relationship, or struggling to find your place in the world. You may have lost connection with what is meaningful and enlivening in your life. Starting where you are and listening carefully to the stories of your life, your dreams, desires and distress, we try to make sense of it together. My hope is that as we discover and engage with lost or dormant parts of your deeper self you'll begin to know who you are and who you are becoming in new ways.
I work with people who find themselves, often unexpectedly, in the midst of a crisis: feeling anxious, depressed or alone. Perhaps you're facing a sudden loss or illness, conflict in a relationship, or struggling to find your place in the world. You may have lost connection with what is meaningful and enlivening in your life. Starting where you are and listening carefully to the stories of your life, your dreams, desires and distress, we try to make sense of it together. My hope is that as we discover and engage with lost or dormant parts of your deeper self you'll begin to know who you are and who you are becoming in new ways.
(510) 616-9524 View (510) 616-9524
Photo of Carol Zeitlin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Carol Zeitlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
If you are curious about being in therapy with me, I invite you to set up a 30-minute consultation session at no charge. I am committed to helping adults who are struggling with painful situations such as depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or feelings of disconnection. Together, we will strive to understand your emotional suffering and recognize relationship patterns that have not served you well. Over time we will use our relationship to rework old patterns and allow you to see choices in life where before there had seemed to be none.
If you are curious about being in therapy with me, I invite you to set up a 30-minute consultation session at no charge. I am committed to helping adults who are struggling with painful situations such as depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or feelings of disconnection. Together, we will strive to understand your emotional suffering and recognize relationship patterns that have not served you well. Over time we will use our relationship to rework old patterns and allow you to see choices in life where before there had seemed to be none.
(510) 567-4196 View (510) 567-4196
Photo of Marsha Hiller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Marsha Hiller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
I have been licensed as an MFT working somatically, for over 30 years. I'm interested in what isn't working in your present life that brings you to therapy, what is unresolved from past relationships that you'd like to clear up, and what comes up in our relationship as we get to know one another. These facets help us create a complex experience which can transform old stuck patterns. Through the lens of my somatic training, clients can include their felt experiences in their bodies as an additional resource for exploring and understanding themselves. I also use a feminist and social justice orientation.
I have been licensed as an MFT working somatically, for over 30 years. I'm interested in what isn't working in your present life that brings you to therapy, what is unresolved from past relationships that you'd like to clear up, and what comes up in our relationship as we get to know one another. These facets help us create a complex experience which can transform old stuck patterns. Through the lens of my somatic training, clients can include their felt experiences in their bodies as an additional resource for exploring and understanding themselves. I also use a feminist and social justice orientation.
(510) 788-2856 View (510) 788-2856
Photo of Sarah Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sarah Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ORSCC, PPSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience. I work with individuals, couples and families using a strength-based, solution oriented approach. I am trained both psycho-dynamically and in family systems work. I utilize the Developmental Model for couples therapy. I work with adults, couples and families and with children and adolescents facing school issues, behavioral issues, grief and loss, trauma, life transitions, separation and step-parenting and family of origin issues. I will work with you to set achievable goals in therapy in order to promote positive individual and/or family change.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience. I work with individuals, couples and families using a strength-based, solution oriented approach. I am trained both psycho-dynamically and in family systems work. I utilize the Developmental Model for couples therapy. I work with adults, couples and families and with children and adolescents facing school issues, behavioral issues, grief and loss, trauma, life transitions, separation and step-parenting and family of origin issues. I will work with you to set achievable goals in therapy in order to promote positive individual and/or family change.
(510) 878-3606 View (510) 878-3606

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
72% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
38% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.