Therapists in Bloomington, MN

Photo of Dr. Jim Mosher, Psychologist in Bloomington, MN
Dr. Jim Mosher
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, LP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55420
I use EMDR and integrative-psychodynamic therapy, with a focus on treating trauma. Currently, I am seeking members for two therapy groups (see below). These are "traditional groups," like you see in the movies. We don't teaching coping skills and they are not psychoeducational. This is a group experience where you can talk openly and honestly with your peers about your problems, hear their problems, and ask for and receive feedback. All groups are online; if we don't take your insurance, the out-of-pocket fee is $75. Call to see if one of these groups is right for you.
I use EMDR and integrative-psychodynamic therapy, with a focus on treating trauma. Currently, I am seeking members for two therapy groups (see below). These are "traditional groups," like you see in the movies. We don't teaching coping skills and they are not psychoeducational. This is a group experience where you can talk openly and honestly with your peers about your problems, hear their problems, and ask for and receive feedback. All groups are online; if we don't take your insurance, the out-of-pocket fee is $75. Call to see if one of these groups is right for you.
(952) 260-9695 View (952) 260-9695
Photo of Heidi Edgett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Heidi Edgett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with a variety of presenting issues including but not limited to: depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and C-PTSD, grief, emotion regulation difficulties, sleep difficulties, self-harm and suicidal ideation, work and relationship stress, improving communication in important relationships and navigating life stress. I enjoy including family members in therapy sessions when desired or appropriate. I incorporate DBT, CBT, Mindfulness and strengths-based, solution-focused perspectives into my practice. I am not currently working with couples or children under 13.
I enjoy working with a variety of presenting issues including but not limited to: depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and C-PTSD, grief, emotion regulation difficulties, sleep difficulties, self-harm and suicidal ideation, work and relationship stress, improving communication in important relationships and navigating life stress. I enjoy including family members in therapy sessions when desired or appropriate. I incorporate DBT, CBT, Mindfulness and strengths-based, solution-focused perspectives into my practice. I am not currently working with couples or children under 13.
(855) 732-5705 x723 View (855) 732-5705 x723
Photo of Elizabeth Padilla, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Elizabeth Padilla
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
I focus on learning who a person is uniquely, and I take an active role in treatment, offering genuine warmth and support as well as practical feedback. I draw from various theoretical approaches but commonly use cognitive behavioral therapy, mindful self-compassion, exposure response prevention, and internal family systems. As a licensed clinical social worker I have had the pleasure of working in cities across the United States with a wide range of individuals from a variety of backgrounds.
I focus on learning who a person is uniquely, and I take an active role in treatment, offering genuine warmth and support as well as practical feedback. I draw from various theoretical approaches but commonly use cognitive behavioral therapy, mindful self-compassion, exposure response prevention, and internal family systems. As a licensed clinical social worker I have had the pleasure of working in cities across the United States with a wide range of individuals from a variety of backgrounds.
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Photo of Ellen Richmond, Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Ellen Richmond
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
(952) 260-4876 View (952) 260-4876
Photo of Craig Polsfuss, Psychologist in Bloomington, MN
Craig Polsfuss
Psychologist, MA, LP, MSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
(612) 400-7827 View (612) 400-7827
Photo of Mel Day, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Mel Day
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
Tired of Educating Your Therapist on Your Gender and Sexuality? Do you feel like you've been trained to hide parts of yourself and conform to societal expectations? Have you lost sight of what you truly want after pleasing others for so long? Therapy should be a place to embrace and affirm your authenticity, not educate or conform to your therapist. If you're neurodivergent, struggling with anxiety or depression, or dealing with challenges related to your gender and sexual identities, I provide a safe, affirming space for you to process your emotions and gain insights into your true self.
Tired of Educating Your Therapist on Your Gender and Sexuality? Do you feel like you've been trained to hide parts of yourself and conform to societal expectations? Have you lost sight of what you truly want after pleasing others for so long? Therapy should be a place to embrace and affirm your authenticity, not educate or conform to your therapist. If you're neurodivergent, struggling with anxiety or depression, or dealing with challenges related to your gender and sexual identities, I provide a safe, affirming space for you to process your emotions and gain insights into your true self.
(952) 592-1722 View (952) 592-1722
Photo of Savannah Rigert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Savannah Rigert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
Hello! I am a therapist who works with children and adults. I have been fortunate to work with a wide variety of individuals, families, and groups. I have a Master’s in Social Work and a Bachelor’s in American Indian Studies. I am a Licensed Graduate Social Worker through the Minnesota Board of Social Work. As I work towards my Licensed Clinical Social Work licensure I am under the supervision of Christine Hensgens.
Hello! I am a therapist who works with children and adults. I have been fortunate to work with a wide variety of individuals, families, and groups. I have a Master’s in Social Work and a Bachelor’s in American Indian Studies. I am a Licensed Graduate Social Worker through the Minnesota Board of Social Work. As I work towards my Licensed Clinical Social Work licensure I am under the supervision of Christine Hensgens.
(612) 682-1815 View (612) 682-1815
Photo of Christina Bourgeois, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Christina Bourgeois
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55435
Christina Bourgeois is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2010. Christina can help guide a client through understanding their symptoms and defining a plan to work towards their goals with compassion. Outside of work, Christina loves to read and spend time with her family!.
Christina Bourgeois is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2010. Christina can help guide a client through understanding their symptoms and defining a plan to work towards their goals with compassion. Outside of work, Christina loves to read and spend time with her family!.
(952) 234-6945 View (952) 234-6945
Photo of Jen McVay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Jen McVay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
Not accepting new clients
Seeking and making changes takes courage. The evolutions that happen in the therapeutic process take place within the relationship between client and therapist. It's my role not to provide instant or easy answers, but to help you discover and understand your strengths and the things that keep you feeling hurt and stuck. We find the way through together.
Seeking and making changes takes courage. The evolutions that happen in the therapeutic process take place within the relationship between client and therapist. It's my role not to provide instant or easy answers, but to help you discover and understand your strengths and the things that keep you feeling hurt and stuck. We find the way through together.
(952) 373-0517 View (952) 373-0517
Photo of Laura Rademacher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Laura Rademacher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CST, CSTS
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55425
Relationships can be the most important things in our lives and they can also be our greatest struggles. Sex is another important topic-our own sexual selves as well as our sexual relationships with others. But we don't always have a lot of places to talk about these important issues. This is why I specialize in relationship and sex therapy. I am a Certified Sex Therapist through AASECT and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I also offer online classes for couples and individuals at classes.laurarademacher.com.
Relationships can be the most important things in our lives and they can also be our greatest struggles. Sex is another important topic-our own sexual selves as well as our sexual relationships with others. But we don't always have a lot of places to talk about these important issues. This is why I specialize in relationship and sex therapy. I am a Certified Sex Therapist through AASECT and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I also offer online classes for couples and individuals at classes.laurarademacher.com.
(612) 879-0476 View (612) 879-0476
Photo of Ryan Gay, Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Ryan Gay
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
Hello! I provide Telehealth individual therapy sessions for adults who are primarily experiencing anxiety and depression struggles. I also have experience working with people who have challenges related to food and their body. I have worked in a variety of settings including an eating disorder clinic, residential treatment, outpatient therapy, and in-home skills services. It is my goal to help people work through intense emotions, unhelpful thoughts, and challenging life circumstances. Outside of the office, I enjoy spending time with my family, reading, and watching the MN Vikings.
Hello! I provide Telehealth individual therapy sessions for adults who are primarily experiencing anxiety and depression struggles. I also have experience working with people who have challenges related to food and their body. I have worked in a variety of settings including an eating disorder clinic, residential treatment, outpatient therapy, and in-home skills services. It is my goal to help people work through intense emotions, unhelpful thoughts, and challenging life circumstances. Outside of the office, I enjoy spending time with my family, reading, and watching the MN Vikings.
(952) 900-7793 View (952) 900-7793
Photo of Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC, Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
(651) 299-6298 View (651) 299-6298
Photo of Hannah Daniels, Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Hannah Daniels
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
People are unique human beings with a long list of remarkable qualities. Sometimes though, we feel that we have qualities that we need to work on to be our better selves. I work with individuals to find those qualities and strengthen the ones we want to stay around. You may be a good fit for me if you: have ADHD, have children, are a family with adult children in the home, are a lifelong learner, are tired of looking at the positive side all the time, and willing to work on your problems in and out of therapy!
People are unique human beings with a long list of remarkable qualities. Sometimes though, we feel that we have qualities that we need to work on to be our better selves. I work with individuals to find those qualities and strengthen the ones we want to stay around. You may be a good fit for me if you: have ADHD, have children, are a family with adult children in the home, are a lifelong learner, are tired of looking at the positive side all the time, and willing to work on your problems in and out of therapy!
(952) 522-7820 x720 View (952) 522-7820 x720
Photo of Christine Hensgens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Christine Hensgens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EPT-D, RPT-S, IMH-III
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55425
Not accepting new clients
I see my role as a therapist is walking with you while you navigate where you want to be. I trust that you know what you need and where you want to go even if it is not clear to you right now. My job is to help you find that clarity and stability, give you some tools that can help you along the way and cheer you on. As a therapist, I have a non- directive style that allows you to work on what is important to you. I have an interactive style that uses individual and family conversation. Also, I use play and sand tray to increase connection, and access painful content that can be difficult to express with words.
I see my role as a therapist is walking with you while you navigate where you want to be. I trust that you know what you need and where you want to go even if it is not clear to you right now. My job is to help you find that clarity and stability, give you some tools that can help you along the way and cheer you on. As a therapist, I have a non- directive style that allows you to work on what is important to you. I have an interactive style that uses individual and family conversation. Also, I use play and sand tray to increase connection, and access painful content that can be difficult to express with words.
(651) 615-3103 View (651) 615-3103
Photo of Yaneth Cunningham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Yaneth Cunningham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
“You were given this Life because you are strong enough to live it”. My personal journey of Adoption has fueled my passion to provide unconditional and authentic support for families and individuals with warmth & compassion. Since 2007 I’ve been working in the mental health field in a variety of roles which have enriched my clinical practice. I have been incredibly inspired by working with adolescent and young adults navigate the challenges of childhood & current life circumstances.
“You were given this Life because you are strong enough to live it”. My personal journey of Adoption has fueled my passion to provide unconditional and authentic support for families and individuals with warmth & compassion. Since 2007 I’ve been working in the mental health field in a variety of roles which have enriched my clinical practice. I have been incredibly inspired by working with adolescent and young adults navigate the challenges of childhood & current life circumstances.
(952) 649-5643 View (952) 649-5643
Photo of Lacie Glasser, Counselor in Bloomington, MN
Lacie Glasser
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Hello! My name is Lacie Glasser, LPCC. I am passionate about helping individuals decrease mental health symptoms holistically. We need to improve all areas of our lives to have better overall functioning. I utilize and am trained in, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy. I also have training in Nutritional and Integrative Medicine for Mental Health and am passionate about implementing these techniques to help my clients. I enjoy working with older adolescents, ages 15-18, or adults of any age.
Hello! My name is Lacie Glasser, LPCC. I am passionate about helping individuals decrease mental health symptoms holistically. We need to improve all areas of our lives to have better overall functioning. I utilize and am trained in, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy. I also have training in Nutritional and Integrative Medicine for Mental Health and am passionate about implementing these techniques to help my clients. I enjoy working with older adolescents, ages 15-18, or adults of any age.
(952) 260-8008 View (952) 260-8008
Photo of Molly B Samuelson Lcc, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Molly B Samuelson Lcc
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55435
Waitlist for new clients
Hello there, my name is Molly and I am grateful to be able to do the work I do. My experience is broad, but I have a special interest and passion for supporting those going through pregnancy, postpartum, and all things perinatal mental health. As a mother myself, it is a gift to be able to support and give back to a community I identify with.
Hello there, my name is Molly and I am grateful to be able to do the work I do. My experience is broad, but I have a special interest and passion for supporting those going through pregnancy, postpartum, and all things perinatal mental health. As a mother myself, it is a gift to be able to support and give back to a community I identify with.
(952) 900-2267 View (952) 900-2267
Photo of Open Fields Therapy PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Open Fields Therapy PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55420
At Open Fields Therapy, we understand and support adults who experience anxiety, depressed mood, and relationship difficulties. We all develop patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating to others. Often these patterns have served us in the past. However, during times of stress, loss, or traumatic experience, these patterns may be unhelpful, and we can feel stuck. This is when therapy can make a big difference in feeling better and help us live more effectively. At Open Fields Therapy we seek to understand your unique situation and help to remove the obstacles that interfere with living out the values that are important to you.
At Open Fields Therapy, we understand and support adults who experience anxiety, depressed mood, and relationship difficulties. We all develop patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating to others. Often these patterns have served us in the past. However, during times of stress, loss, or traumatic experience, these patterns may be unhelpful, and we can feel stuck. This is when therapy can make a big difference in feeling better and help us live more effectively. At Open Fields Therapy we seek to understand your unique situation and help to remove the obstacles that interfere with living out the values that are important to you.
(952) 592-9862 View (952) 592-9862
Photo of Brittany Clapshaw, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Brittany Clapshaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Not accepting new clients
Is your child or adolescent struggling? Maybe a recent divorce, life transition, or addiction in the family has brought out some behaviors that are concerning to you. While I also work with couples, my primary focus is kids and teenagers that need some support or help working through a traumatic event. Often children show symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma differently than adults do, but noticing a behavioral change in your child and getting them support right away can make all the difference.
Is your child or adolescent struggling? Maybe a recent divorce, life transition, or addiction in the family has brought out some behaviors that are concerning to you. While I also work with couples, my primary focus is kids and teenagers that need some support or help working through a traumatic event. Often children show symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma differently than adults do, but noticing a behavioral change in your child and getting them support right away can make all the difference.
(855) 977-0896 x722 View (855) 977-0896 x722
Photo of Cynthia Packer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, MN
Cynthia Packer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with 30+ years of experience providing mental health therapy to people of all ages facing a wide variety of issues, I am passionate about this work. I provide a flexible, non-judgmental, collaborative approach in a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment focused on the whole person which fosters healing, rapport and resilience.
As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with 30+ years of experience providing mental health therapy to people of all ages facing a wide variety of issues, I am passionate about this work. I provide a flexible, non-judgmental, collaborative approach in a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment focused on the whole person which fosters healing, rapport and resilience.
(612) 887-2426 View (612) 887-2426

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bloomington, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Bloomington, MN who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
94% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Trauma and PTSD
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
72% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Aetna
69% UCare

How Therapists in Bloomington, MN see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bloomington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.