Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Michael Mayer, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Michael Mayer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
(510) 878-4268 View (510) 878-4268
Photo of Caitlin Finnell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Caitlin Finnell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
While I work with a diversity of people, I specialize in working with LGBTQ individuals, couples and youth. As a Marriage and Family psychotherapist, I seek to help my clients find their way through the hardships that life can bring. I believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship as well as each individual having the power to heal themselves. I believe in a strength based, solution focused approach to therapy and work with my clients to not only overcome their current circumstances but to also develop tools and strategies that they can use moving forward in their lives.
While I work with a diversity of people, I specialize in working with LGBTQ individuals, couples and youth. As a Marriage and Family psychotherapist, I seek to help my clients find their way through the hardships that life can bring. I believe in the healing power of the therapeutic relationship as well as each individual having the power to heal themselves. I believe in a strength based, solution focused approach to therapy and work with my clients to not only overcome their current circumstances but to also develop tools and strategies that they can use moving forward in their lives.
(415) 630-6595 View (415) 630-6595
Photo of Jessica Shaddock, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jessica Shaddock
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
My specialties include working with adolescents, transitional-age youth and adults. I am particularly interested in working with those adjusting to major life transitions such as leaving home, attending college, building careers, beginning or ending relationships, parenthood, infertility, pregnancy loss, empty-nest and retirement.
My specialties include working with adolescents, transitional-age youth and adults. I am particularly interested in working with those adjusting to major life transitions such as leaving home, attending college, building careers, beginning or ending relationships, parenthood, infertility, pregnancy loss, empty-nest and retirement.
(510) 863-8849 View (510) 863-8849
Photo of Laura Rainville, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Laura Rainville
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I enjoy working with children and adults to help them find grounded ways of being with and moving through the struggles they face. I believe that strong relationships, with the self, the body, and with others, are central to a healthy lifestyle. Painful life experiences, transitions, trauma, anxiety, and depression are opportunities for growth, and helping people move through these challenges is incredibly rewarding. I love working with people of diverse sociocultural backgrounds and exploring how culture shapes experience. A deep understanding of development allows me to connect with people of all ages and help them move through difficult stages.
I enjoy working with children and adults to help them find grounded ways of being with and moving through the struggles they face. I believe that strong relationships, with the self, the body, and with others, are central to a healthy lifestyle. Painful life experiences, transitions, trauma, anxiety, and depression are opportunities for growth, and helping people move through these challenges is incredibly rewarding. I love working with people of diverse sociocultural backgrounds and exploring how culture shapes experience. A deep understanding of development allows me to connect with people of all ages and help them move through difficult stages.
(510) 900-5537 View (510) 900-5537
Photo of Herman Sandhu, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Herman Sandhu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
(510) 726-6247 View (510) 726-6247
Photo of Jessica Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jessica Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Not accepting new clients
Many of the people I work with are unsatisfied or struggling in key areas of their lives. They are challenged by unfulfilling relationships with co-workers, romantic partners, dating, friends, or family members. The difficulties they face can tend to feel familiar; patterns they have not yet been able to fully understand or find their way out of on their own. Many patterns are formed by relationships in our early lives, therefore it takes a healing and generative relationship to make real change. I also work with individuals and couples who are facing the major life transition of becoming parents.
Many of the people I work with are unsatisfied or struggling in key areas of their lives. They are challenged by unfulfilling relationships with co-workers, romantic partners, dating, friends, or family members. The difficulties they face can tend to feel familiar; patterns they have not yet been able to fully understand or find their way out of on their own. Many patterns are formed by relationships in our early lives, therefore it takes a healing and generative relationship to make real change. I also work with individuals and couples who are facing the major life transition of becoming parents.
(510) 616-9776 View (510) 616-9776
Photo of Sarika Bahl, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Sarika Bahl
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Feeling anxious or a decrease in self esteem? Is your child/teen struggling or having problems in school? Looking for support to live the life you want? Psychotherapy can help you form a better relationship with yourself, your family, and others. I work collaboratively with clients, establishing a warm, empathic environment that feels safe and free of judgement. I provide individual psychotherapy and family therapy across the lifespan, and have training and experience working with children, adolescents, parents, and individual adult clients. I offer office (Berkeley), walk & talk (East Bay) and virtual (anywhere in CA) appts.
Feeling anxious or a decrease in self esteem? Is your child/teen struggling or having problems in school? Looking for support to live the life you want? Psychotherapy can help you form a better relationship with yourself, your family, and others. I work collaboratively with clients, establishing a warm, empathic environment that feels safe and free of judgement. I provide individual psychotherapy and family therapy across the lifespan, and have training and experience working with children, adolescents, parents, and individual adult clients. I offer office (Berkeley), walk & talk (East Bay) and virtual (anywhere in CA) appts.
(510) 241-4323 View (510) 241-4323
Photo of Alex Weinstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Alex Weinstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
My name is Alex and I'm excited about the potential of working with you in developing a sense of integration and resiliency in your life. Are you feeling stuck? Dissatisfied in your relationships and/or work? Disconnected from a sense of deeper purpose? Feel that there is the potential for greater richness and joy in life, but it is just out of reach? Rooted in a compassionate curiosity and from a holistic lens, we can unpack the how's and why's of your patterns; gaining insight into your emotions and experiences, and work towards greater self-awareness and well-being.
My name is Alex and I'm excited about the potential of working with you in developing a sense of integration and resiliency in your life. Are you feeling stuck? Dissatisfied in your relationships and/or work? Disconnected from a sense of deeper purpose? Feel that there is the potential for greater richness and joy in life, but it is just out of reach? Rooted in a compassionate curiosity and from a holistic lens, we can unpack the how's and why's of your patterns; gaining insight into your emotions and experiences, and work towards greater self-awareness and well-being.
(510) 694-4655 View (510) 694-4655
Photo of Sheila Rubin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sheila Rubin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RDT, BCT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a leading authority on healing shame. I co-created the Healing Shame – Lyon/Rubin method and am the Co-Director of the Center for Healing Shame, a continuing education provider that offers workshops to therapists and other helping professionals. In my private practice, I developed therapy techniques integrating somatic and expressive processes to work with the all-pervasive shame and trauma that underlie toxic family dynamics, depression and eating disorders. I integrate Emotionally Focused Therapy and AEDP with Drama Therapy, Hakomi, Focusing and Expressive Arts. I work with the imposter syndrome and voracious inner critics.
I am a leading authority on healing shame. I co-created the Healing Shame – Lyon/Rubin method and am the Co-Director of the Center for Healing Shame, a continuing education provider that offers workshops to therapists and other helping professionals. In my private practice, I developed therapy techniques integrating somatic and expressive processes to work with the all-pervasive shame and trauma that underlie toxic family dynamics, depression and eating disorders. I integrate Emotionally Focused Therapy and AEDP with Drama Therapy, Hakomi, Focusing and Expressive Arts. I work with the imposter syndrome and voracious inner critics.
(415) 858-6869 View (415) 858-6869
Photo of Gioia Schuler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Gioia Schuler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
(510) 726-6246 View (510) 726-6246
Photo of Relationship Therapy. Judye Hess, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Relationship Therapy. Judye Hess
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Difficult times in relationships can often be gifts in that they open the door to a deeper exploration of ourselves and those closest to us. Seen in this light, therapy can be a step towards mutual evolution, rather than just a problem-solving endeavor. I work well with couples and families,helping to create a safe , trusting atmosphere where people can get more in touch with their feelings and express them to others close to them.I also work with individuals who have relationship issues.
Difficult times in relationships can often be gifts in that they open the door to a deeper exploration of ourselves and those closest to us. Seen in this light, therapy can be a step towards mutual evolution, rather than just a problem-solving endeavor. I work well with couples and families,helping to create a safe , trusting atmosphere where people can get more in touch with their feelings and express them to others close to them.I also work with individuals who have relationship issues.
(510) 843-5683 View (510) 843-5683
Photo of Vickie Chang, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Vickie Chang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
There is nothing wrong with you. Like the humble cones that grow into majestic redwood trees, in this very moment everything you need to realize your dreams is waiting inside. I work with people who are open to transformation; who know the seed of goodness in their hearts, and are determined to allow it to bloom in this lifetime. I work with those who are ready to move towards their dreams with fierce and tender courage, not only for themselves, but for their families and communities. With kindness, warmth, and patience, together we can move towards greater connection and joy inside and in relationships.
There is nothing wrong with you. Like the humble cones that grow into majestic redwood trees, in this very moment everything you need to realize your dreams is waiting inside. I work with people who are open to transformation; who know the seed of goodness in their hearts, and are determined to allow it to bloom in this lifetime. I work with those who are ready to move towards their dreams with fierce and tender courage, not only for themselves, but for their families and communities. With kindness, warmth, and patience, together we can move towards greater connection and joy inside and in relationships.
(510) 990-9897 View (510) 990-9897
Photo of Lindsey Antin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lindsey Antin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
We are a small practice specializing in resolving depression, anxiety, insomnia, and relationship issues. We practice research-based therapy using the science of good relationships and other evidence-based models. Cognitive behavioral therapy is our specialty and has excellent outcomes.
We are a small practice specializing in resolving depression, anxiety, insomnia, and relationship issues. We practice research-based therapy using the science of good relationships and other evidence-based models. Cognitive behavioral therapy is our specialty and has excellent outcomes.
(925) 252-5994 View (925) 252-5994
Photo of Ida Ahmadi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Ida Ahmadi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Waitlist for new clients
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
(510) 256-7495 View (510) 256-7495
Photo of Sarah Ackerman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sarah Ackerman
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
I see my role as a guide and facilitator to help you discover the resources within to become an active agent of your own healing and growth. You'll develop new awareness about the patterns in your life that no longer serve you and new skills to transform those patterns. For couples, I'll help you lower reactivity and shift the dynamics so that you can restore safety and create a more connected and intimate bond.
I see my role as a guide and facilitator to help you discover the resources within to become an active agent of your own healing and growth. You'll develop new awareness about the patterns in your life that no longer serve you and new skills to transform those patterns. For couples, I'll help you lower reactivity and shift the dynamics so that you can restore safety and create a more connected and intimate bond.
(925) 238-8929 View (925) 238-8929
Photo of Rachel Heitler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Rachel Heitler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and stress-related disorders. I apply evidence-based techniques and teach clients concrete skills to help address unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. I strive to build a positive and supportive environment for my clients while setting high expectations for what they can accomplish.
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and stress-related disorders. I apply evidence-based techniques and teach clients concrete skills to help address unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. I strive to build a positive and supportive environment for my clients while setting high expectations for what they can accomplish.
(510) 674-1839 View (510) 674-1839
Photo of Alexis Adorador, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Alexis Adorador
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
With twenty plus years of experience, I have had the pleasure of working with many clients from various cultural contexts. As a Latina, I am very familiar with the psycho social contexts and cultural considerations needed for culturally competent therapy. Since my practice is very close to U.C. Berkeley, I have also enjoyed working with many graduate and undergraduate students as well as adolescents in both school and private practice settings.
With twenty plus years of experience, I have had the pleasure of working with many clients from various cultural contexts. As a Latina, I am very familiar with the psycho social contexts and cultural considerations needed for culturally competent therapy. Since my practice is very close to U.C. Berkeley, I have also enjoyed working with many graduate and undergraduate students as well as adolescents in both school and private practice settings.
(510) 992-6235 View (510) 992-6235
Photo of Bay Area Couples Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bay Area Couples Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, Emotion, Focused, Couples
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
IN THE TIME OF COVID, WE ALL HAVE TO UP OUR CONNECTION GAME. Face it, you love your partner, they drive you crazy. And now that we’re around each other 24/7 and some of us with kids crawling all over us, we are not getting our needs met and we are hurting each in ways we are not proud of. Before it was an option to just let our old patterns kind of work. Not now! You are not alone! The whole world is experiencing this. What is essential now is for couples to upgrade. You won't have an 8 hour break (at work) to recover from what your partner just did. We need to actively practice COUPLES SKILLS THAT WORK. It's not optional now!
IN THE TIME OF COVID, WE ALL HAVE TO UP OUR CONNECTION GAME. Face it, you love your partner, they drive you crazy. And now that we’re around each other 24/7 and some of us with kids crawling all over us, we are not getting our needs met and we are hurting each in ways we are not proud of. Before it was an option to just let our old patterns kind of work. Not now! You are not alone! The whole world is experiencing this. What is essential now is for couples to upgrade. You won't have an 8 hour break (at work) to recover from what your partner just did. We need to actively practice COUPLES SKILLS THAT WORK. It's not optional now!
(510) 296-5425 View (510) 296-5425
Photo of Nneka Wooten, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nneka Wooten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94702  (Online Only)
Hello! If you are here you are contemplating taking the first step towards your journey of healing! Life continues to happen and we can't control that but we can learn to can control how we respond. With my therapeutic support you will develop the tools needed to gain acceptance, use your voice and reclaim your power. I can help you arrange the pieces of your puzzle in a way that creates a healing space to learn to manage your triggers, stand in your truth and live the life you deserve. I am passionate about providing a safe, nonjudgmental space to practice this work.
Hello! If you are here you are contemplating taking the first step towards your journey of healing! Life continues to happen and we can't control that but we can learn to can control how we respond. With my therapeutic support you will develop the tools needed to gain acceptance, use your voice and reclaim your power. I can help you arrange the pieces of your puzzle in a way that creates a healing space to learn to manage your triggers, stand in your truth and live the life you deserve. I am passionate about providing a safe, nonjudgmental space to practice this work.
(510) 491-9776 View (510) 491-9776
Photo of Jane Orechwa, Counselor in Berkeley, CA
Jane Orechwa
Counselor, MS, LPCC, (#1063)
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
As your therapist, I am committed to working with you to understand how your unique life experiences, choices, beliefs & actions have shaped you, impacting your life today. Gently and with curiosity, we will delve into the emotional experiences and behavior patterns associated with the stress and difficulty of your current life position. A keen awareness of oneself with a sense of liberation and excitement can often emerge as painful emotions and memories are released. Together, we can facilitate a process of healing, growth, and change.
As your therapist, I am committed to working with you to understand how your unique life experiences, choices, beliefs & actions have shaped you, impacting your life today. Gently and with curiosity, we will delve into the emotional experiences and behavior patterns associated with the stress and difficulty of your current life position. A keen awareness of oneself with a sense of liberation and excitement can often emerge as painful emotions and memories are released. Together, we can facilitate a process of healing, growth, and change.
(628) 209-0959 View (628) 209-0959

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.