Therapists in Albany, CA

Photo of Amy Hartman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, CA
Amy Hartman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
Have anxious thoughts become overwhelming and led you to doubt yourself and your decisions? Maybe it’s tough to get out of a bed in the morning, or you keep pushing and striving, but have difficulty accessing a sense of fulfillment and peace? Maybe you feel like you’re always giving to and pleasing others, but don’t ever feel nourished and “filled up” yourself? Therapy is a great way to get support in navigating the daily challenges of life, but also the bigger and more long-term struggles.
Have anxious thoughts become overwhelming and led you to doubt yourself and your decisions? Maybe it’s tough to get out of a bed in the morning, or you keep pushing and striving, but have difficulty accessing a sense of fulfillment and peace? Maybe you feel like you’re always giving to and pleasing others, but don’t ever feel nourished and “filled up” yourself? Therapy is a great way to get support in navigating the daily challenges of life, but also the bigger and more long-term struggles.
(510) 288-7882 View (510) 288-7882
Photo of Van Metaxas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Van Metaxas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706
You may long to live wholeheartedly - and to feel loved and connected - but struggle with anger, depression, loneliness, or inexplicable sadness and anxiety. You may find the stress of work, life, running a household, or parenting has diminished your capacity to feel joy and be creative. Once a source of comfort and pleasure, your intimate relationship may now be disappointing, frustrating, or even deadening. Therapy can help relieve the symptoms of debilitating feelings by uncovering the underlying (and sometimes unconscious) causes, and empower individuals - and couples - to become the authors of the lives they want to live.
You may long to live wholeheartedly - and to feel loved and connected - but struggle with anger, depression, loneliness, or inexplicable sadness and anxiety. You may find the stress of work, life, running a household, or parenting has diminished your capacity to feel joy and be creative. Once a source of comfort and pleasure, your intimate relationship may now be disappointing, frustrating, or even deadening. Therapy can help relieve the symptoms of debilitating feelings by uncovering the underlying (and sometimes unconscious) causes, and empower individuals - and couples - to become the authors of the lives they want to live.
(415) 763-5931 View (415) 763-5931
Photo of N. Cesar Santos, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
N. Cesar Santos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MBA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
Well, hello and thank you for taking the time to check my profile. I believe that life presents challenges to everyone regardless of culture, language, creed or personal strength. Often, there is a need for support to initiate corrections, change direction or even just for clarification of issues that manifest in the present moment. Challenge is also an opportunity. With the right approach, therapy may prove to be an effective tool. Our relationship would be dynamic and custom geared to validate, understand and address any issues of import to you as human being. Your life is unique, priceless and worthy of respect.
Well, hello and thank you for taking the time to check my profile. I believe that life presents challenges to everyone regardless of culture, language, creed or personal strength. Often, there is a need for support to initiate corrections, change direction or even just for clarification of issues that manifest in the present moment. Challenge is also an opportunity. With the right approach, therapy may prove to be an effective tool. Our relationship would be dynamic and custom geared to validate, understand and address any issues of import to you as human being. Your life is unique, priceless and worthy of respect.
(510) 953-4590 View (510) 953-4590
Photo of John Maris, Psychologist in Albany, CA
John Maris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
We come to therapy to understand and solve our most complex personal challenges. When suffering goes deep enough, therapy is an intuitive response to problems that are emotionally complex and cannot be solved by our ordinary methods. Therapy alleviates our isolation by giving us the specialized and dedicated attention of a therapist. Therapy restores or kindles confidence in our ability to make it through difficult times. Lastly, it gives us some emotional distance, some sense of freedom, from the at times consuming turmoil of our personal lives by stimulating a deeper or broader understanding.
We come to therapy to understand and solve our most complex personal challenges. When suffering goes deep enough, therapy is an intuitive response to problems that are emotionally complex and cannot be solved by our ordinary methods. Therapy alleviates our isolation by giving us the specialized and dedicated attention of a therapist. Therapy restores or kindles confidence in our ability to make it through difficult times. Lastly, it gives us some emotional distance, some sense of freedom, from the at times consuming turmoil of our personal lives by stimulating a deeper or broader understanding.
(415) 749-9264 View (415) 749-9264
Photo of Todd Rising, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Todd Rising
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94707
While it can be intimidating to think about beginning therapy, it’s my hope that my warm and collaborative style of engaging with you will offer some ease in initiating our work together. Having dedicated space for understanding and learning about you by speaking can feel relieving, and starts with a good amount of courage in your initial reaching out. In our work together, I will carefully listen to you while building a collaborative relationship based in warm curiosity, offering you my thoughts and connections related to the barriers that may be holding you back from moving towards your known and yet-to-be-known goals.
While it can be intimidating to think about beginning therapy, it’s my hope that my warm and collaborative style of engaging with you will offer some ease in initiating our work together. Having dedicated space for understanding and learning about you by speaking can feel relieving, and starts with a good amount of courage in your initial reaching out. In our work together, I will carefully listen to you while building a collaborative relationship based in warm curiosity, offering you my thoughts and connections related to the barriers that may be holding you back from moving towards your known and yet-to-be-known goals.
(415) 484-8627 View (415) 484-8627
Photo of Jack Fahy, PhD, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Jack Fahy, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
If you are seeking a deeper understanding of why you or your child struggles with focusing or learning, then I can help clarify what is getting in the way of reaching one's full potential. You may wonder if there is a name for the difficulty (e.g., is it dyslexia? ADHD?) or you may be unsure if having such a name would be helpful. More importantly, you are wanting a better sense of the strengths and weaknesses that you or you child have and what strategies and interventions would be most helpful.
If you are seeking a deeper understanding of why you or your child struggles with focusing or learning, then I can help clarify what is getting in the way of reaching one's full potential. You may wonder if there is a name for the difficulty (e.g., is it dyslexia? ADHD?) or you may be unsure if having such a name would be helpful. More importantly, you are wanting a better sense of the strengths and weaknesses that you or you child have and what strategies and interventions would be most helpful.
(415) 655-0174 View (415) 655-0174
Photo of Sarah Liebman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Sarah Liebman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706  (Online Only)
People come to therapy because they want something in their lives to be different. We hear that we can only change ourselves, yet even if we "know" the why or how or who of it, we can't always budge "it" on our own. My job is to help navigate the terrain, to make sense of the landscape, and to be with you as you reencounter your obstacles to living and loving your life.
People come to therapy because they want something in their lives to be different. We hear that we can only change ourselves, yet even if we "know" the why or how or who of it, we can't always budge "it" on our own. My job is to help navigate the terrain, to make sense of the landscape, and to be with you as you reencounter your obstacles to living and loving your life.
(510) 491-9003 View (510) 491-9003
Photo of Melany Barr-Patz, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Albany, CA
Melany Barr-Patz
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, M Ed, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706
When big feelings and behaviors are rippling through your family, things feel so stressful and out of control. Tension and worry may take up residence in your household as your child navigates challenges such as school refusal, turbulent relationships with siblings or friends, anxiety, or tantrums. You have likely tried many things to help your child and are wondering what will finally work to get out of the cycle and back to enjoying your time together.
When big feelings and behaviors are rippling through your family, things feel so stressful and out of control. Tension and worry may take up residence in your household as your child navigates challenges such as school refusal, turbulent relationships with siblings or friends, anxiety, or tantrums. You have likely tried many things to help your child and are wondering what will finally work to get out of the cycle and back to enjoying your time together.
(341) 888-6856 View (341) 888-6856
Photo of Ariana Sarris, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Ariana Sarris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
Therapy is a partnership between you and me. My desire is to help you achieve your goals, to find your life purpose, to resolve your issues, whatever they may be. Change comes from within you—and that’s where we focus—on your body and the traumas it holds—so with can release them through various techniques that can really create true change inside you. Whether you are an individual or a couple, whatever you bring into the therapy office can be transformed.
Therapy is a partnership between you and me. My desire is to help you achieve your goals, to find your life purpose, to resolve your issues, whatever they may be. Change comes from within you—and that’s where we focus—on your body and the traumas it holds—so with can release them through various techniques that can really create true change inside you. Whether you are an individual or a couple, whatever you bring into the therapy office can be transformed.
(510) 392-0224 View (510) 392-0224
Matthew D Blagys
Psychologist, Ph, D
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
I am a Harvard trained psychologist with over 15 years experience in the mental health field. I specialize in working with individuals and families who are feeling stuck in their lives. Many of my clients report feeling overwhelmed with feelings of depression, hopelessness, anger, or low self-esteem. They may have experienced relationship or career conflicts, personal loss, trauma, or be in the middle of important life transitions. I also have advanced post-doctoral training in working with individuals who engage in potentially harmful behaviors and young adults struggling to develop their life path.
I am a Harvard trained psychologist with over 15 years experience in the mental health field. I specialize in working with individuals and families who are feeling stuck in their lives. Many of my clients report feeling overwhelmed with feelings of depression, hopelessness, anger, or low self-esteem. They may have experienced relationship or career conflicts, personal loss, trauma, or be in the middle of important life transitions. I also have advanced post-doctoral training in working with individuals who engage in potentially harmful behaviors and young adults struggling to develop their life path.
(510) 254-5160 View (510) 254-5160
Photo of Kathleen S Pierce, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Kathleen S Pierce
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
Not accepting new clients
I have extensive experience working with survivors of trauma, Addictions are often an unwelcomed side-effect of trauma, and I can work compassionately when they co-occur. I understand the unique challenges that developmental age plays re: traumatic events, death and loss. I take a gentle yet proactive approach to treating trauma. I know the difficulty of talking about these most personal and often horrifying events. I have compassion and respect for survivors of trauma. My approach to treating trauma is reflective of this. I also offer Divorce Mediation services when marriages fail due to these issues.
I have extensive experience working with survivors of trauma, Addictions are often an unwelcomed side-effect of trauma, and I can work compassionately when they co-occur. I understand the unique challenges that developmental age plays re: traumatic events, death and loss. I take a gentle yet proactive approach to treating trauma. I know the difficulty of talking about these most personal and often horrifying events. I have compassion and respect for survivors of trauma. My approach to treating trauma is reflective of this. I also offer Divorce Mediation services when marriages fail due to these issues.
(510) 246-3479 View (510) 246-3479
Photo of Dana McMullen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Dana McMullen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
I have worked with adults, couples, adolescents and children for over 18 years. I offer a free telephone consultation as you explore what your needs are in finding a therapist and whether you feel I might be of help to you.
I have worked with adults, couples, adolescents and children for over 18 years. I offer a free telephone consultation as you explore what your needs are in finding a therapist and whether you feel I might be of help to you.
(510) 466-1217 View (510) 466-1217
Photo of Bay Area Psychotherapy / Kelly Ransom, PhD, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Bay Area Psychotherapy / Kelly Ransom, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706  (Online Only)
Evening, weekend, early morning appointments available. If you are struggling with stress, anxiety, parenting or relationship issues, give me a call. Together we will get clear on what results you want to see, and create a potent “healing space” for initiating positive change. Whether you’re wanting a fresh perspective on patterns that are no longer working for you in your relationships, need support for you and your partner or child, or feel stuck in terms of creating the life you’ve envisioned as a result of anxiety or other issues, together we will find a way forward.
Evening, weekend, early morning appointments available. If you are struggling with stress, anxiety, parenting or relationship issues, give me a call. Together we will get clear on what results you want to see, and create a potent “healing space” for initiating positive change. Whether you’re wanting a fresh perspective on patterns that are no longer working for you in your relationships, need support for you and your partner or child, or feel stuck in terms of creating the life you’ve envisioned as a result of anxiety or other issues, together we will find a way forward.
(510) 617-1912 View (510) 617-1912
Photo of Chana Jessica Ceasar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Chana Jessica Ceasar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, IPMH
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706  (Online Only)
Are you living with the pain of childhood trauma? Do you have a hard time setting boundaries or feeling safe because your trust was violated in the past? Is negative thinking keeping you from feeling confident in yourself and your choices? Even if you’re struggling right now, you do possess inner wisdom that can guide you toward clarity and healing. As your therapist, I will help you reconnect with your body so you can explore your emotions and strengths in a transformative, meaningful way. Collaborating together, we can enhance a sense of empowerment in your life.
Are you living with the pain of childhood trauma? Do you have a hard time setting boundaries or feeling safe because your trust was violated in the past? Is negative thinking keeping you from feeling confident in yourself and your choices? Even if you’re struggling right now, you do possess inner wisdom that can guide you toward clarity and healing. As your therapist, I will help you reconnect with your body so you can explore your emotions and strengths in a transformative, meaningful way. Collaborating together, we can enhance a sense of empowerment in your life.
(628) 209-4175 View (628) 209-4175
Photo of Peter P Bernhardt in Albany, CA
Peter P Bernhardt
MFT
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
Are your relationships burdened by loss of trust, constant fighting, or a feeling of disconnection? Are dealing with the fallout of an affair? Are you struggling with anger or communication issues? Do you you want relief from suffering, stress or isolation? My mindfulness approach, based on over 30 years experience, will help you get immediate relief through new perspectives and skills. By learning to see your problematic relationship patterns and negative cycles, you will also discover new pathways and new ways of relating. As you feel better, you will take steps to strengthen your new discoveries and abilities.
Are your relationships burdened by loss of trust, constant fighting, or a feeling of disconnection? Are dealing with the fallout of an affair? Are you struggling with anger or communication issues? Do you you want relief from suffering, stress or isolation? My mindfulness approach, based on over 30 years experience, will help you get immediate relief through new perspectives and skills. By learning to see your problematic relationship patterns and negative cycles, you will also discover new pathways and new ways of relating. As you feel better, you will take steps to strengthen your new discoveries and abilities.
(510) 497-0537 View (510) 497-0537
Photo of Suzie Shih Shin Wu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, CA
Suzie Shih Shin Wu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CA, NY
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706
I am an 15+ yrs Mandarin bilingual speaking therapist providing short and long-term psychotherapy to individuals, couple, and family. I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, immigration, parenting, life transitions, relational issues, and Asian identify.Therapy is a collaborated work with trust and sense of safety. We discover various aspects of your parts, discover relationship and behavior patterns, look into issues from new perspectives to promote a better quality of life. I am respectful to everyone I treat and can easily connect with you. Together, we create treatment goals that settled in your needs and best results.
I am an 15+ yrs Mandarin bilingual speaking therapist providing short and long-term psychotherapy to individuals, couple, and family. I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, immigration, parenting, life transitions, relational issues, and Asian identify.Therapy is a collaborated work with trust and sense of safety. We discover various aspects of your parts, discover relationship and behavior patterns, look into issues from new perspectives to promote a better quality of life. I am respectful to everyone I treat and can easily connect with you. Together, we create treatment goals that settled in your needs and best results.
(510) 822-7725 View (510) 822-7725
Photo of Ellen J Balis, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Ellen J Balis
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
There are times when healing can't be done alone. My work is essentially relational -- healing in a therapeutic relationship. I help people overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and substance abuse, bearing in mind that these issues can overlap or involve additional problems with eating, working, or social life. I am warm, engaged, active, and flexible, balancing exploratory work with directness. I see people who know what needs fixing, and those who don't. It is a gift to witness people emerging into the center of their own lives and finding the courage to tell their own truth.
There are times when healing can't be done alone. My work is essentially relational -- healing in a therapeutic relationship. I help people overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and substance abuse, bearing in mind that these issues can overlap or involve additional problems with eating, working, or social life. I am warm, engaged, active, and flexible, balancing exploratory work with directness. I see people who know what needs fixing, and those who don't. It is a gift to witness people emerging into the center of their own lives and finding the courage to tell their own truth.
(925) 301-4060 View (925) 301-4060
Photo of Annie Dutka, Psychologist in Albany, CA
Annie Dutka
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706
Many of us struggle to feel at home in our bodies and minds. Our inner voice can be harsh and unkind; sometimes, we can hardly hear it over the noise of anxious thoughts. Painful experiences may intrude upon our sense of safety, as well as the hopes we have for the future. Therapy offers you the time to slow down and the space to be heard. During our first session, I will follow your lead, actively listening with the aim of understanding what’s bringing you here. Throughout our work together, I endeavor to create a nonjudgmental space for all the different parts of you, including those parts you feel are closed off.
Many of us struggle to feel at home in our bodies and minds. Our inner voice can be harsh and unkind; sometimes, we can hardly hear it over the noise of anxious thoughts. Painful experiences may intrude upon our sense of safety, as well as the hopes we have for the future. Therapy offers you the time to slow down and the space to be heard. During our first session, I will follow your lead, actively listening with the aim of understanding what’s bringing you here. Throughout our work together, I endeavor to create a nonjudgmental space for all the different parts of you, including those parts you feel are closed off.
(510) 906-8428 View (510) 906-8428
Photo of Mey Saephan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Mey Saephan, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94707
Waitlist for new clients
Has your love, joy, and excitement in your relationship slowly faded away? Does it seem that no matter what you say or do, things are just not getting better, and you feel further from resolving your conflicts and understanding your loved ones? There is a way back to enjoying your relationships again. I have been doing this work for over 24 years, and I know that if you have not left the relationship, there is still hope. Learn how to get rid of the unhealthy patterns and learn new skills to get unstuck so you can enrich your marriage, family, and many other relationships.
Has your love, joy, and excitement in your relationship slowly faded away? Does it seem that no matter what you say or do, things are just not getting better, and you feel further from resolving your conflicts and understanding your loved ones? There is a way back to enjoying your relationships again. I have been doing this work for over 24 years, and I know that if you have not left the relationship, there is still hope. Learn how to get rid of the unhealthy patterns and learn new skills to get unstuck so you can enrich your marriage, family, and many other relationships.
(510) 771-8506 View (510) 771-8506
Photo of Cheryl Krauter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albany, CA
Cheryl Krauter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94706
Working with performing artists, artists, creative people has inspired me for over 30 years. I welcome those who are looking to make choices that create depth and meaning in their lives. Each one of us has an individual path, each therapy relationship is unique. My work is relational and interactive. I listen deeply. I respect where you are. I am able to sit with you in sorrow and in laughter.
Working with performing artists, artists, creative people has inspired me for over 30 years. I welcome those who are looking to make choices that create depth and meaning in their lives. Each one of us has an individual path, each therapy relationship is unique. My work is relational and interactive. I listen deeply. I respect where you are. I am able to sit with you in sorrow and in laughter.
(510) 250-3820 View (510) 250-3820

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Albany, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Albany, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
86% Relationship Issues
78% Grief
73% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
61% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

38% Other
29% Aetna
29% Medicare

How Therapists in Albany, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Albany?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.