Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Marissa Smarto, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Marissa Smarto
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, MEd
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
(615) 471-7011 View (615) 471-7011
Photo of Pamela K Haga / Wound Light Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Pamela K Haga / Wound Light Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216
"The Wound is the Place Where the Light Enters You." ~ Rumi~ In one way or another, our souls have been bruised. Depression, anxiety, divorce/relationship issues, trauma, family crisis, & many other issues can slowly chip away at our self-worth, our sense of belonging, our hope. Do you seek a true, raw connection with yourself & others? Are you tired of fighting the "uphill battle" & seek peace in your life? I have no magic wand. I cannot make troubles disappear. I can, however, walk with you & give you the tools to find inner peace & love in the midst of chaos.
"The Wound is the Place Where the Light Enters You." ~ Rumi~ In one way or another, our souls have been bruised. Depression, anxiety, divorce/relationship issues, trauma, family crisis, & many other issues can slowly chip away at our self-worth, our sense of belonging, our hope. Do you seek a true, raw connection with yourself & others? Are you tired of fighting the "uphill battle" & seek peace in your life? I have no magic wand. I cannot make troubles disappear. I can, however, walk with you & give you the tools to find inner peace & love in the midst of chaos.
(615) 610-1454 View (615) 610-1454
Photo of Day Wall, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Day Wall
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37216
Seeking help is a courageous step in many of our lives and I am honored to be given the opportunity to share in the journey of healing with my clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families to provide counseling on a wide variety of life issues. I have experience helping clients work through depression, anxiety, life transitions, trauma, grief, divorce, marital issues, job satisfaction, and family conflict.
Seeking help is a courageous step in many of our lives and I am honored to be given the opportunity to share in the journey of healing with my clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families to provide counseling on a wide variety of life issues. I have experience helping clients work through depression, anxiety, life transitions, trauma, grief, divorce, marital issues, job satisfaction, and family conflict.
(615) 610-1383 View (615) 610-1383
Photo of Jordan House, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jordan House
Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, (temp)
Not Verified Not Verified
Nashville, TN 37228
It can feel like our feelings have us, rather than the other way around. We feel stuck in the same old patterns, and replay the same scripts and marching orders lived out since before we can remember. As a psychotherapist, I provide an empathic space where the patient can feel supported in their psychological growth and where their individuality is both valued and nurtured.
It can feel like our feelings have us, rather than the other way around. We feel stuck in the same old patterns, and replay the same scripts and marching orders lived out since before we can remember. As a psychotherapist, I provide an empathic space where the patient can feel supported in their psychological growth and where their individuality is both valued and nurtured.
(615) 320-1155 View (615) 320-1155
Photo of Amber Kowing Hayzlett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Amber Kowing Hayzlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
I help men, women, and LGBTQIA+ adults explore who they are and who they want to be. I deeply enjoy working with those who have experienced complex relational or religious/spiritual trauma, those who live with chronic pain or illnesses, and those (yes, you) high-achieving, perfectionists, creatives & professionals. Whether you're coming to therapy for the first time or the tenth time, my goal is that you are able to leave our sessions encouraged, equipped, and more compassionate towards yourself and others.
I help men, women, and LGBTQIA+ adults explore who they are and who they want to be. I deeply enjoy working with those who have experienced complex relational or religious/spiritual trauma, those who live with chronic pain or illnesses, and those (yes, you) high-achieving, perfectionists, creatives & professionals. Whether you're coming to therapy for the first time or the tenth time, my goal is that you are able to leave our sessions encouraged, equipped, and more compassionate towards yourself and others.
(615) 434-9115 View (615) 434-9115
Photo of Logan Hubbard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Logan Hubbard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I know first-hand how overwhelming finding a therapist can be. I am proud of you for taking this step towards growth & healing. I celebrate diversity & see persons from all backgrounds. I believe the client-therapist relationship is the most important piece in successful therapy. Together we will collaborate to determine what your needs & expectations are for our time together. My approach is holistic & eclectic. I tailor & blend different techniques & theories based on your particular needs & goals. I will share the burden, provide insight, listen with empathy, & view things with fresh eyes & a new perspective.
I know first-hand how overwhelming finding a therapist can be. I am proud of you for taking this step towards growth & healing. I celebrate diversity & see persons from all backgrounds. I believe the client-therapist relationship is the most important piece in successful therapy. Together we will collaborate to determine what your needs & expectations are for our time together. My approach is holistic & eclectic. I tailor & blend different techniques & theories based on your particular needs & goals. I will share the burden, provide insight, listen with empathy, & view things with fresh eyes & a new perspective.
(615) 235-1453 View (615) 235-1453
Photo of Jd Benson in Nashville, TN
Jd Benson
MMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I’m glad you’re here, I’m JD (she/her)! In my experience, relationships are a place where we can find some of our deepest wounding, but they are also a place where we can begin to heal, starting with the relationship with our Self. Sometimes we can feel stuck or lost. If we can slow down and explore the different parts of ourselves with compassion and curiosity, it can help us uncover, get to know, and grow in ways we never thought possible. I'm passionate about helping people heal and grow into the people they want to be and I'd be honored to get to witness and walk along you as you explore and grow in who you are.
I’m glad you’re here, I’m JD (she/her)! In my experience, relationships are a place where we can find some of our deepest wounding, but they are also a place where we can begin to heal, starting with the relationship with our Self. Sometimes we can feel stuck or lost. If we can slow down and explore the different parts of ourselves with compassion and curiosity, it can help us uncover, get to know, and grow in ways we never thought possible. I'm passionate about helping people heal and grow into the people they want to be and I'd be honored to get to witness and walk along you as you explore and grow in who you are.
(629) 276-9684 View (629) 276-9684
Photo of Ryan Gillespie, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Ryan Gillespie
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Waitlist for new clients
I tailor my approach to meet the needs of those who come to see me, but offer every individual the respect and compassion they deserve. Maybe you are seeking insight and awareness for the purpose of personal growth. Perhaps you are looking to address a particular issue and need someone who can be goal directed and offer specific skills and feedback. Maybe it's hard to name just what is going on and this is one of the reasons you have decided to seek help. No two people come to therapy for the same reason because no two people are the same.
I tailor my approach to meet the needs of those who come to see me, but offer every individual the respect and compassion they deserve. Maybe you are seeking insight and awareness for the purpose of personal growth. Perhaps you are looking to address a particular issue and need someone who can be goal directed and offer specific skills and feedback. Maybe it's hard to name just what is going on and this is one of the reasons you have decided to seek help. No two people come to therapy for the same reason because no two people are the same.
(615) 541-4716 View (615) 541-4716
Photo of Mark Simpson, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Mark Simpson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Managing life’s challenges can overwhelming. Whether juggling typical ups and downs or coping with loss, trauma, major upset, or crisis, I have found that clients seek therapy with me because they are tired of feeling alone in their struggles and want an emotional connection with an experienced therapist who is empathic, caring, understanding, and non-judgmental. I work with a variety of clients and issues, including depression, anxiety, unresolved trauma, addictions, or relationship conflicts. At the core, I think clients are searching for happiness, fulfillment, and purpose in life.
Managing life’s challenges can overwhelming. Whether juggling typical ups and downs or coping with loss, trauma, major upset, or crisis, I have found that clients seek therapy with me because they are tired of feeling alone in their struggles and want an emotional connection with an experienced therapist who is empathic, caring, understanding, and non-judgmental. I work with a variety of clients and issues, including depression, anxiety, unresolved trauma, addictions, or relationship conflicts. At the core, I think clients are searching for happiness, fulfillment, and purpose in life.
(615) 703-3425 View (615) 703-3425
Photo of Carrie Wilkerson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Carrie Wilkerson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Hi, I’m Carrie. Whatever is happening in your life right now, we can face it with care and find authentic, effective ways to handle it, together. For over 20 years, I’ve worked with individuals, groups, organizations, and communities in making positive change. I have also experienced my own healing journey from childhood abuse and family dysfunction, so I’m intimately familiar with the terrain. My life’s passion is for healing trauma; transforming pain into wholeness; helping my clients develop their unique gifts and path; and nurturing relationships back to health; and that’s what I’ve trained to do.
Hi, I’m Carrie. Whatever is happening in your life right now, we can face it with care and find authentic, effective ways to handle it, together. For over 20 years, I’ve worked with individuals, groups, organizations, and communities in making positive change. I have also experienced my own healing journey from childhood abuse and family dysfunction, so I’m intimately familiar with the terrain. My life’s passion is for healing trauma; transforming pain into wholeness; helping my clients develop their unique gifts and path; and nurturing relationships back to health; and that’s what I’ve trained to do.
(615) 492-2208 View (615) 492-2208
Photo of Missy Caldwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Missy Caldwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Missy has worked in the field of mental health for over fifteen years as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. She is experienced in working with individuals, couples and youth in the areas of trauma, attachment, depression, anxiety, grief, relational issues, body image, personal growth and self care. In addition to being a mental health clinician, Missy is a registered yoga teacher, with well over 500 hours of training, and an additional 300 hour certification in yoga therapy.
Missy has worked in the field of mental health for over fifteen years as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. She is experienced in working with individuals, couples and youth in the areas of trauma, attachment, depression, anxiety, grief, relational issues, body image, personal growth and self care. In addition to being a mental health clinician, Missy is a registered yoga teacher, with well over 500 hours of training, and an additional 300 hour certification in yoga therapy.
(629) 222-9921 View (629) 222-9921
Photo of Sarah Broyles Ledbetter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Sarah Broyles Ledbetter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
My clients often refer to what I call 'blurry trauma,' early attachment experiences that were less than affirming but so ingrained, the client often doesn't recall outstanding events. They may not even remember much about their childhood at all. That kind of trauma leads to addiction, confusing, disorganized or unfulfilling relationships, and difficulty harnessing the resources needed to navigate change so the client can create their most authentic life and relationships. I use present moment, present location resources such as the client's own strengths, passions, and ability to make creative decisions to facilitate safe change.
My clients often refer to what I call 'blurry trauma,' early attachment experiences that were less than affirming but so ingrained, the client often doesn't recall outstanding events. They may not even remember much about their childhood at all. That kind of trauma leads to addiction, confusing, disorganized or unfulfilling relationships, and difficulty harnessing the resources needed to navigate change so the client can create their most authentic life and relationships. I use present moment, present location resources such as the client's own strengths, passions, and ability to make creative decisions to facilitate safe change.
(615) 471-7631 View (615) 471-7631
Photo of Kalaway Voss, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Kalaway Voss
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
The cards we are dealt are often unfair/unequal. We did not choose the bodies we were born into, the parents or caretakers we were given, the environments we grew up in, our pain or trauma, our financial situation, or the injustices woven into the systems we inherited. We are not responsible for what is inflicted upon us, but we are responsible for our healing. Like the water carves through rock, you too can start upon the path and life you desire. You can cultivate this with time and attention, identifying your goals and values, and learning to extend the same love and grace you give to others to yourself.
The cards we are dealt are often unfair/unequal. We did not choose the bodies we were born into, the parents or caretakers we were given, the environments we grew up in, our pain or trauma, our financial situation, or the injustices woven into the systems we inherited. We are not responsible for what is inflicted upon us, but we are responsible for our healing. Like the water carves through rock, you too can start upon the path and life you desire. You can cultivate this with time and attention, identifying your goals and values, and learning to extend the same love and grace you give to others to yourself.
(629) 276-3184 View (629) 276-3184
Photo of Travis Hupp, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Nashville, TN
Travis Hupp
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADACII, CAADC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
(615) 703-2946 View (615) 703-2946
Photo of James Bender, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
James Bender
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
We are all on our own unique journey in life. At times, we come across obstacles that get in the way of living our ideal life. Together, we will not only work to identify your unique goals and values, but also work to overcome the barriers in your life so that you can return to living a life you find meaningful and fulfilling.
We are all on our own unique journey in life. At times, we come across obstacles that get in the way of living our ideal life. Together, we will not only work to identify your unique goals and values, but also work to overcome the barriers in your life so that you can return to living a life you find meaningful and fulfilling.
(615) 703-7036 View (615) 703-7036
Photo of Amanda S Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Amanda S Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
For as long as I can remember I have always enjoyed being a listening ear for loved ones or even strangers. Whether the situation was seemingly large or small, I found great joy in assisting others with navigating life's stressors and finding some sense of resolution. I have over a decade of experience working with adults experiencing trauma, crisis, self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression, adjustment challenges, and unhealthy relationships. I am most passionate about maternal mental health and working with women adjusting to motherhood or experiencing fertility issues.
For as long as I can remember I have always enjoyed being a listening ear for loved ones or even strangers. Whether the situation was seemingly large or small, I found great joy in assisting others with navigating life's stressors and finding some sense of resolution. I have over a decade of experience working with adults experiencing trauma, crisis, self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression, adjustment challenges, and unhealthy relationships. I am most passionate about maternal mental health and working with women adjusting to motherhood or experiencing fertility issues.
(615) 527-8314 View (615) 527-8314
Photo of Monica Coverson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Monica Coverson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, LSSW, EdD, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
One of my very favorite quotes by Brene Brown is, "Vulnerability sounds like truth and feels like courage. Truth and courage aren't always comfortable, but they are never weakness." As life will sometimes present challenges that may be difficult to navigate, it's not necessary to navigate those challenges alone. I would love to support you in discovering the courage to navigate your truth. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I offer treatment that is goal oriented using a variety of therapeutic approaches.
One of my very favorite quotes by Brene Brown is, "Vulnerability sounds like truth and feels like courage. Truth and courage aren't always comfortable, but they are never weakness." As life will sometimes present challenges that may be difficult to navigate, it's not necessary to navigate those challenges alone. I would love to support you in discovering the courage to navigate your truth. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I offer treatment that is goal oriented using a variety of therapeutic approaches.
(615) 492-9209 View (615) 492-9209
Photo of Melissa T. Dees, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Melissa T. Dees
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37217
Thoreau said "There are a thousand hacking at the branches to every one striking at the root." In therapy, I believe our most valuable work is striking at the root of issues rather than hacking merely at the many branches/symptoms of the root. This latter approach often leads to resolving one manifestation of a problem only to experience new manifestations down the road. Whether the symptoms are anxiety, depression, addictions, or maladaptive relationships, it is worthwhile to examine the deeper sources of our pain. One of my primary roles will be to provide a steadfast ground of compassion, patience, and truth for your work.
Thoreau said "There are a thousand hacking at the branches to every one striking at the root." In therapy, I believe our most valuable work is striking at the root of issues rather than hacking merely at the many branches/symptoms of the root. This latter approach often leads to resolving one manifestation of a problem only to experience new manifestations down the road. Whether the symptoms are anxiety, depression, addictions, or maladaptive relationships, it is worthwhile to examine the deeper sources of our pain. One of my primary roles will be to provide a steadfast ground of compassion, patience, and truth for your work.
(615) 237-5870 View (615) 237-5870
Photo of Campbell Hopkins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Campbell Hopkins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Two values I strive for in the therapy room are understanding and security. When you walk through my door, I want you to feel the kind of safety that allows you to get cozy on the sofa and take a deep breath before diving into what matters most to you. Throughout the process, my hope is that all parts of you - those you love and know well and those that you struggle with or push away in your daily life - feel welcome, seen, appreciated, and understood. My clients are primarily adult individuals who hope to find healing and connection within themselves and with others.
Two values I strive for in the therapy room are understanding and security. When you walk through my door, I want you to feel the kind of safety that allows you to get cozy on the sofa and take a deep breath before diving into what matters most to you. Throughout the process, my hope is that all parts of you - those you love and know well and those that you struggle with or push away in your daily life - feel welcome, seen, appreciated, and understood. My clients are primarily adult individuals who hope to find healing and connection within themselves and with others.
(615) 471-6747 View (615) 471-6747
Photo of Stephanie Thompson Barca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Stephanie Thompson Barca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Life can get us twisted in knots, but we can free ourselves with time and the right tools. I advise and empower clients to find solutions with resourcefulness and creativity, approaching each conversation with flexibility, non-judgment, and a wide perspective.
Life can get us twisted in knots, but we can free ourselves with time and the right tools. I advise and empower clients to find solutions with resourcefulness and creativity, approaching each conversation with flexibility, non-judgment, and a wide perspective.
(615) 398-8607 View (615) 398-8607

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.