Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Leah Liszka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Leah Liszka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002
I believe that we all have the resources to succeed within ourselves. Therapy connects us to our strengths and our resilience. As a client-centered therapist, I am honored to collaborate with you and help you reach your mental health goals. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience providing individual therapy to adults with a wide range of life experiences, including the LGBTQ+ community. I am body- and sex- positive, kink-aware, and poly-friendly, and my practice philosophy is grounded in intersectional and feminist theory.
I believe that we all have the resources to succeed within ourselves. Therapy connects us to our strengths and our resilience. As a client-centered therapist, I am honored to collaborate with you and help you reach your mental health goals. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience providing individual therapy to adults with a wide range of life experiences, including the LGBTQ+ community. I am body- and sex- positive, kink-aware, and poly-friendly, and my practice philosophy is grounded in intersectional and feminist theory.
(202) 417-7868 View (202) 417-7868
Photo of Dallas Williams-Sierra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Dallas Williams-Sierra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMDR-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
*At this time, I am only accepting new clients for EMDR treatment* Are you struggling with processing past traumatic events? EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a psychotherapy that enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life experiences. EMDR provides a proven approach to address the symptoms of trauma that can interfere with thriving in your everyday life. EMDR allows individuals to process incredible amounts of material in a shockingly short time.
*At this time, I am only accepting new clients for EMDR treatment* Are you struggling with processing past traumatic events? EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a psychotherapy that enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life experiences. EMDR provides a proven approach to address the symptoms of trauma that can interfere with thriving in your everyday life. EMDR allows individuals to process incredible amounts of material in a shockingly short time.
(202) 556-3451 View (202) 556-3451
Photo of Natalie Nichols, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Natalie Nichols
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
I have worked for nearly 20 years with various human and social services programs. I have worked for programs focused on those with developmental disabilities, those needing supported employment, and those needing housing, and outpatient mental health services. Working with various human services populations has allowed me to work with diverse people. I am well versed in several counseling techniques and have compassion for being a service to others.
I have worked for nearly 20 years with various human and social services programs. I have worked for programs focused on those with developmental disabilities, those needing supported employment, and those needing housing, and outpatient mental health services. Working with various human services populations has allowed me to work with diverse people. I am well versed in several counseling techniques and have compassion for being a service to others.
(202) 759-3160 View (202) 759-3160
Photo of Susannah Herrada, Pre-Licensed Professional in Washington, DC
Susannah Herrada
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you're looking to get unstuck, make meaning of the past, or find a way forward, it's easier with someone walking alongside you. We can keep it super practical and forward-focused with creative problem-solving, go deep to examine the past, or do a little of both. However you'd like to approach this space, we can find strategies to leverage your strengths and find more balance.
Whether you're looking to get unstuck, make meaning of the past, or find a way forward, it's easier with someone walking alongside you. We can keep it super practical and forward-focused with creative problem-solving, go deep to examine the past, or do a little of both. However you'd like to approach this space, we can find strategies to leverage your strengths and find more balance.
(202) 804-0223 View (202) 804-0223
Photo of Tranquillium, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Tranquillium, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MSW, LMFT, ACSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is one who is committed to honesty about what is bringing them to therapy. They are willing to face their fears and push themselves outside of their comfort zone to move their needle closer to wholeness, healing and wellness. They are consistent in attendance and dedicated to doing the work that is required to address and meet their treatment goals.
My ideal client is one who is committed to honesty about what is bringing them to therapy. They are willing to face their fears and push themselves outside of their comfort zone to move their needle closer to wholeness, healing and wellness. They are consistent in attendance and dedicated to doing the work that is required to address and meet their treatment goals.
(202) 929-2942 View (202) 929-2942
Photo of Sabanoh Mental Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Sabanoh Mental Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20005
Are all the pieces in your life falling into place except one area and you just can't figure out why? Sabanoh Mental Health is a practice dedicated to women who need an ear, an objective voice, and a place where they can truly be themselves, in a judgement free zone. Our goal is to help women find peace and balance so they can be their best selves. Sabanoh works with clients on issues like stress, grief & loss, self-harm, and extreme hopelessness.
Are all the pieces in your life falling into place except one area and you just can't figure out why? Sabanoh Mental Health is a practice dedicated to women who need an ear, an objective voice, and a place where they can truly be themselves, in a judgement free zone. Our goal is to help women find peace and balance so they can be their best selves. Sabanoh works with clients on issues like stress, grief & loss, self-harm, and extreme hopelessness.
(240) 489-2678 View (240) 489-2678
Photo of Laura Golojuch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Laura Golojuch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002
Not accepting new clients
My goal in therapy is to allow my clients to create more space in their lives and build healthier patterns. Our relationships are a large part of what make us who we are, yet our relationships can also be a great source of frustration, coupled with the stresses of daily life. I use a strengths-based, integrative approach in therapy, working with individuals, couples, and families. I find that the ideal time for a client to enter therapy is when one feels stuck or notices negative patterns, and is ready to create a positive change.
My goal in therapy is to allow my clients to create more space in their lives and build healthier patterns. Our relationships are a large part of what make us who we are, yet our relationships can also be a great source of frustration, coupled with the stresses of daily life. I use a strengths-based, integrative approach in therapy, working with individuals, couples, and families. I find that the ideal time for a client to enter therapy is when one feels stuck or notices negative patterns, and is ready to create a positive change.
(202) 816-6305 View (202) 816-6305
Photo of Anna D'Avanzo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Anna D'Avanzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Young adulthood is one of the most formative and also challenging years of our lives. Your path forward might not always feel obvious or smooth. As a therapist, I provide a safe and empathetic environment for you to explore what matters to you most. The people I work with face challenges around major life changes and adjustments, school, college, and careers, relationship issues, family conflict, and parent-child conflict. I have many years of experience helping clients work through past trauma, those with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Young adulthood is one of the most formative and also challenging years of our lives. Your path forward might not always feel obvious or smooth. As a therapist, I provide a safe and empathetic environment for you to explore what matters to you most. The people I work with face challenges around major life changes and adjustments, school, college, and careers, relationship issues, family conflict, and parent-child conflict. I have many years of experience helping clients work through past trauma, those with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
(202) 410-6796 View (202) 410-6796
Photo of Linda R. Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Linda R. Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
“Life is slippery. Here, take my hand." Jackson Brown - In times of extraordinary stress, when old issues may be exacerbated, people need a place to feel heard and understood. They may be coping with the loss of a loved one, difficulty with their relationships, the loss of a job, or the isolation and fear of living through a pandemic. As a therapist, I lend an empathic ear and help clients explore and re-wire old issues, so they can become more resilient.
“Life is slippery. Here, take my hand." Jackson Brown - In times of extraordinary stress, when old issues may be exacerbated, people need a place to feel heard and understood. They may be coping with the loss of a loved one, difficulty with their relationships, the loss of a job, or the isolation and fear of living through a pandemic. As a therapist, I lend an empathic ear and help clients explore and re-wire old issues, so they can become more resilient.
(202) 558-4040 View (202) 558-4040
Photo of Sarah Hoops, Counselor in Washington, DC
Sarah Hoops
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Sarah specializes in supporting trauma survivors, including survivors of sexual violence, emotional abuse or neglect, harmful relationships, and traumatic loss. She also provides affirming therapy for disabled and chronically ill folks, drawing from her passion for Disability Justice, as well as her own lived experience navigating chronic illness in ableist culture. Sarah uses self-compassion, sand therapy, and Internal Family Systems-informed "parts work," guiding you to build a loving relationship with yourself - even (especially) the parts of yourself that might feel troublesome or unworthy.
Sarah specializes in supporting trauma survivors, including survivors of sexual violence, emotional abuse or neglect, harmful relationships, and traumatic loss. She also provides affirming therapy for disabled and chronically ill folks, drawing from her passion for Disability Justice, as well as her own lived experience navigating chronic illness in ableist culture. Sarah uses self-compassion, sand therapy, and Internal Family Systems-informed "parts work," guiding you to build a loving relationship with yourself - even (especially) the parts of yourself that might feel troublesome or unworthy.
(202) 840-8649 x4 View (202) 840-8649 x4
Photo of Roberta Rothstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Roberta Rothstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Do you feel stuck? Maybe you can't seem to shake the blues. Maybe it’s a loss. Or you can’t make a crucial decision. Perhaps jittery moods have reduced your functioning. Or you’re unable to control unhealthy behavior. Maybe every conversation with your spouse becomes an argument. Feel more confident, improve your relationships, move from illness to health, reconnect with your creativity, learn valuable coping skills, take control of your life and just feel better. I can help you move forward through obstacles, uncovering your true potential. Our work helps you feel resilient, so you can set and reach your goals.
Do you feel stuck? Maybe you can't seem to shake the blues. Maybe it’s a loss. Or you can’t make a crucial decision. Perhaps jittery moods have reduced your functioning. Or you’re unable to control unhealthy behavior. Maybe every conversation with your spouse becomes an argument. Feel more confident, improve your relationships, move from illness to health, reconnect with your creativity, learn valuable coping skills, take control of your life and just feel better. I can help you move forward through obstacles, uncovering your true potential. Our work helps you feel resilient, so you can set and reach your goals.
(202) 618-4387 View (202) 618-4387
Photo of Deardre McGuire, LICSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Deardre McGuire, LICSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
Beginning therapy can be a difficult step. But if you find yourself stuck, repeating the same ineffective, undermining coping mechanisms and unable to manage your emotions, then it might be time to start working together to help you identify more effective and constructive approaches to achieve your goals.
Beginning therapy can be a difficult step. But if you find yourself stuck, repeating the same ineffective, undermining coping mechanisms and unable to manage your emotions, then it might be time to start working together to help you identify more effective and constructive approaches to achieve your goals.
(202) 370-7078 View (202) 370-7078
Photo of Jess MacIntyre, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jess MacIntyre
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Therapy helps us cope more effectively with challenges and encourages growth even in difficult circumstances. A strong relationship between therapist and client can make the process significantly more enjoyable and productive. I strive to be genuine and authentic in sessions, incorporating humor and warmth to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful space for support. Together, we will explore your ways of thinking in order to facilitate insight into your experience and gain new skills and strategies to create long-lasting, positive change in your life.
Therapy helps us cope more effectively with challenges and encourages growth even in difficult circumstances. A strong relationship between therapist and client can make the process significantly more enjoyable and productive. I strive to be genuine and authentic in sessions, incorporating humor and warmth to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful space for support. Together, we will explore your ways of thinking in order to facilitate insight into your experience and gain new skills and strategies to create long-lasting, positive change in your life.
(202) 902-8701 View (202) 902-8701
Photo of Tim Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Tim Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSAT, CMAT, CPTT, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20015  (Online Only)
Infidelity? Porn addiction? Sex addiction? Trauma? All of these issues can be tough to deal with, but I can help. I have specialized training so that you're not wasting your time and money. Not just talk, talk, talk that gets you nowhere. I used evidence-based treatments so that you're feeling better soon. As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), a Certified Partner Trauma Therapist (CPTT), and a Certified Multiple Addiction Therapist (CMAT), I'm trained in many addictions, including substances. Most therapists aren't trained in all these issues. I offer EMDR, as well. There is hope. Together, we'll figure things out.
Infidelity? Porn addiction? Sex addiction? Trauma? All of these issues can be tough to deal with, but I can help. I have specialized training so that you're not wasting your time and money. Not just talk, talk, talk that gets you nowhere. I used evidence-based treatments so that you're feeling better soon. As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), a Certified Partner Trauma Therapist (CPTT), and a Certified Multiple Addiction Therapist (CMAT), I'm trained in many addictions, including substances. Most therapists aren't trained in all these issues. I offer EMDR, as well. There is hope. Together, we'll figure things out.
(202) 951-8669 View (202) 951-8669
Photo of James W Brunson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
James W Brunson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
First and foremost, my responsibility is to create an environment where you feel welcomed, safe and supported. In our sessions, you can expect that I will spend a lot of time engaging in stimulating conversation that helps me to learn who you are, how you show up in the world, and what path(s) to take in helping you achieve your goals and desirable outcomes. As your therapist, you can expect for me to be actively present with you, while encouraging and supporting you along the journey of creating the life you desire.
First and foremost, my responsibility is to create an environment where you feel welcomed, safe and supported. In our sessions, you can expect that I will spend a lot of time engaging in stimulating conversation that helps me to learn who you are, how you show up in the world, and what path(s) to take in helping you achieve your goals and desirable outcomes. As your therapist, you can expect for me to be actively present with you, while encouraging and supporting you along the journey of creating the life you desire.
(202) 919-7794 View (202) 919-7794
Photo of Aysha DeSilva, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Aysha DeSilva
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! My name is Aysha (she/her) and I’m a woman of color with multiple nationalities who specializes in trauma-informed therapy. I strive to create a therapy space filled with compassion and warmth. I am passionate about providing culturally humble care to meet clients where they are. I strongly believe that having a safe space is essential to recovering from traumatic experiences. My special interests include working with trauma survivors who have experienced attachment trauma, interpersonal/relationship trauma, intergenerational trauma, sexual assault, and grief and loss.
Hello and welcome! My name is Aysha (she/her) and I’m a woman of color with multiple nationalities who specializes in trauma-informed therapy. I strive to create a therapy space filled with compassion and warmth. I am passionate about providing culturally humble care to meet clients where they are. I strongly believe that having a safe space is essential to recovering from traumatic experiences. My special interests include working with trauma survivors who have experienced attachment trauma, interpersonal/relationship trauma, intergenerational trauma, sexual assault, and grief and loss.
(202) 899-7139 View (202) 899-7139
Photo of Robin Truitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Robin Truitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Often personal and professional relationships get complicated and difficult. This results from our patterns of behavior and how we experience the world. Also true, is that we do not easily see what blocks us from having a more fulfilling and meaningful life. The psychotherapy I offer, allows for better understanding of reflexive and often no-longer-helpful reactions and responses which can cause anxious or depressed moods, conflicted relationships and decreased satisfaction in personal and professional relationships. By making a commitment to your well being and by using your therapy, your life can become richer and more meaningful.
Often personal and professional relationships get complicated and difficult. This results from our patterns of behavior and how we experience the world. Also true, is that we do not easily see what blocks us from having a more fulfilling and meaningful life. The psychotherapy I offer, allows for better understanding of reflexive and often no-longer-helpful reactions and responses which can cause anxious or depressed moods, conflicted relationships and decreased satisfaction in personal and professional relationships. By making a commitment to your well being and by using your therapy, your life can become richer and more meaningful.
(202) 760-4375 View (202) 760-4375
Photo of Jacquelyn LaRusso, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Jacquelyn LaRusso
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
My goal as a therapist is to help clients embrace their authentic selves, foster meaningful relationships, and improve their quality of life. I work to create a safe and accepting environment that values the unique personality, lifestyle, and goals of the individual. My clinical expertise includes treatment of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression and self-harm behaviors.
My goal as a therapist is to help clients embrace their authentic selves, foster meaningful relationships, and improve their quality of life. I work to create a safe and accepting environment that values the unique personality, lifestyle, and goals of the individual. My clinical expertise includes treatment of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression and self-harm behaviors.
(202) 417-2701 View (202) 417-2701
Photo of Adwoa Boateng, Psychological Associate in Washington, DC
Adwoa Boateng
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
I work well with individuals that like a more laid back, yet effective approach to therapy. The goal is to work with you, not force you or direct you. You're the expert of your life - I'm just here to help guide you. I have experience working with clients across the spectrum - health issues, anxiety, depression, body image, trauma, and more. I also have experience working with a diverse and multicultural array of clients. I've got you!
I work well with individuals that like a more laid back, yet effective approach to therapy. The goal is to work with you, not force you or direct you. You're the expert of your life - I'm just here to help guide you. I have experience working with clients across the spectrum - health issues, anxiety, depression, body image, trauma, and more. I also have experience working with a diverse and multicultural array of clients. I've got you!
(202) 968-3684 View (202) 968-3684
Photo of Alloy Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Alloy Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
Are you tired of arguing and not seeing eye to eye in any of your relationships? Has infidelity resulted in trust concerns in your marriage? Are you struggling with being able to successful have hard conversations with your employees? Are you struggling with childhood trauma? Are you and your partner thinking about marriage? As a wellness practice, Alloy Wellness believe's that relationship's are the central tenant of our lives. Our philosophy is that in order to begin creating change, one must first understand the complexities of their interpersonal relationships. We provide therapy for Individuals, couples, and families.
Are you tired of arguing and not seeing eye to eye in any of your relationships? Has infidelity resulted in trust concerns in your marriage? Are you struggling with being able to successful have hard conversations with your employees? Are you struggling with childhood trauma? Are you and your partner thinking about marriage? As a wellness practice, Alloy Wellness believe's that relationship's are the central tenant of our lives. Our philosophy is that in order to begin creating change, one must first understand the complexities of their interpersonal relationships. We provide therapy for Individuals, couples, and families.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.