Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Rosie Sofen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rosie Sofen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Many of us experience mental health challenges at some point in our lives. Perhaps you’re struggling with your relationship with food and your body, caught in a cycle of restricting, binging, and purging. Maybe you’re feeling consumed by anxiety, or you’re faced with navigating tough family relationships. Sometimes, we can cope well enough with our existing support systems and internal tools. Other times, we need support in order to heal. I believe we each have the innate capacity for resilience, and that given the opportunity, we can access that resilience. My goal is to help you harness your own strength in the process of healing.
Many of us experience mental health challenges at some point in our lives. Perhaps you’re struggling with your relationship with food and your body, caught in a cycle of restricting, binging, and purging. Maybe you’re feeling consumed by anxiety, or you’re faced with navigating tough family relationships. Sometimes, we can cope well enough with our existing support systems and internal tools. Other times, we need support in order to heal. I believe we each have the innate capacity for resilience, and that given the opportunity, we can access that resilience. My goal is to help you harness your own strength in the process of healing.
(510) 327-3451 View (510) 327-3451
Photo of Fiona C. Lundy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Fiona C. Lundy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
(415) 918-6427 View (415) 918-6427
Photo of Nicole Poell, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Nicole Poell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Right now, you are doing something very courageous! You are taking the first step toward a more meaningful and rich life. You might sense that your thoughts and feelings are holding you back from truly living your life. You might have had traumatic life experience(s) that shaped your life in a way that is unfulfilling and terrifying. You might feel plagued by depression and/or anxiety, feel uncomfortable in your own skin or as if you are not performing to your best abilities. I want to commend you for taking this step and I would feel honored to be on this journey with you, helping you live a more satisfying, engaged and full life.
Right now, you are doing something very courageous! You are taking the first step toward a more meaningful and rich life. You might sense that your thoughts and feelings are holding you back from truly living your life. You might have had traumatic life experience(s) that shaped your life in a way that is unfulfilling and terrifying. You might feel plagued by depression and/or anxiety, feel uncomfortable in your own skin or as if you are not performing to your best abilities. I want to commend you for taking this step and I would feel honored to be on this journey with you, helping you live a more satisfying, engaged and full life.
(510) 849-6755 View (510) 849-6755
Photo of Stephanie Rosso, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Stephanie Rosso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you worried about your child? Are they having trouble in school? Not making friends? Has being a parent become really stressful? Parenting is always a challenge and can be even harder if your child is having emotional or behavioral difficulties. My goals are to help children reach their maximum potential emotionally, socially, and behaviorally and help parents be empowered and have more effective parenting skills. I specialize in working with children who have emotional, behavioral and academic difficulties including ADHD, anxiety, depression, poor frustration tolerance, loss of a loved one, trauma, family conflict, and interpersonal relationship difficulties.
Are you worried about your child? Are they having trouble in school? Not making friends? Has being a parent become really stressful? Parenting is always a challenge and can be even harder if your child is having emotional or behavioral difficulties. My goals are to help children reach their maximum potential emotionally, socially, and behaviorally and help parents be empowered and have more effective parenting skills. I specialize in working with children who have emotional, behavioral and academic difficulties including ADHD, anxiety, depression, poor frustration tolerance, loss of a loved one, trauma, family conflict, and interpersonal relationship difficulties.
(510) 822-6721 View (510) 822-6721
Photo of Mahesh Francis, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Mahesh Francis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, N134572, APCC, N#12508
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
What you went through, and its impact on your life is complex and multidimensional. As a therapist, I always hold my client's experiences with compassion and empathy. Healing is the aim, and it is my commitment to provide the highest quality of attention and care to each individual and couple I work with. I am also consistently expanding my therapy skills to provide the most relevant tools to support my clients. From a theoretical perspective, I primarily utilize a combination of cognitive, relational, and psychodynamic approaches.
What you went through, and its impact on your life is complex and multidimensional. As a therapist, I always hold my client's experiences with compassion and empathy. Healing is the aim, and it is my commitment to provide the highest quality of attention and care to each individual and couple I work with. I am also consistently expanding my therapy skills to provide the most relevant tools to support my clients. From a theoretical perspective, I primarily utilize a combination of cognitive, relational, and psychodynamic approaches.
(925) 966-1283 View (925) 966-1283
Photo of Chris Stach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Chris Stach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
The challenges of growing up in today's rapidly changing society are enormous. Children and adolescents need to be equipped with skills for survival and growth that were never before imagined. Some of the more common issues I help my young clients with include anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide ideation, perfectionism, self confidence, challenging peer relationships, social anxiety and difficult family dynamics. I also work with parents offering them guidance and support.
The challenges of growing up in today's rapidly changing society are enormous. Children and adolescents need to be equipped with skills for survival and growth that were never before imagined. Some of the more common issues I help my young clients with include anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide ideation, perfectionism, self confidence, challenging peer relationships, social anxiety and difficult family dynamics. I also work with parents offering them guidance and support.
(510) 345-1726 View (510) 345-1726
Photo of Gabrielle Theobald-Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gabrielle Theobald-Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Keeping your head above water, let alone thriving while navigating work, relationships, parenting, infertility or postpartum journeys is HARD. We’re often set up for what feels like an impossible task, with a shocking lack of a village to hold the struggle with. There is an old Celtic saying, "It is in the shelter of each other that we live". I work with many parents and those on the journey to parenthood to help form their village and bring some more intentionality, ease, and joy on that journey. I'm enthusiastic about collaborating with you to explore practical coping strategies while also fostering a sense of self-compassion.
Keeping your head above water, let alone thriving while navigating work, relationships, parenting, infertility or postpartum journeys is HARD. We’re often set up for what feels like an impossible task, with a shocking lack of a village to hold the struggle with. There is an old Celtic saying, "It is in the shelter of each other that we live". I work with many parents and those on the journey to parenthood to help form their village and bring some more intentionality, ease, and joy on that journey. I'm enthusiastic about collaborating with you to explore practical coping strategies while also fostering a sense of self-compassion.
(510) 399-2483 View (510) 399-2483
Photo of Lori Beth Kaplan, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Lori Beth Kaplan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
My ideal client is an adult, child or teenager struggling with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, relationship and Identity issues. In childhood or adolescence there may be behavioral, academic or social issues that are limiting success and happiness. Today's world is challenging with increased stressors and isolation. Adults may try to mask their struggles or feel stuck in the same pattern of behavior. Parents want their children or teenagers to maximize their potential and grow into fulfilled adults.
My ideal client is an adult, child or teenager struggling with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, relationship and Identity issues. In childhood or adolescence there may be behavioral, academic or social issues that are limiting success and happiness. Today's world is challenging with increased stressors and isolation. Adults may try to mask their struggles or feel stuck in the same pattern of behavior. Parents want their children or teenagers to maximize their potential and grow into fulfilled adults.
(510) 849-6760 View (510) 849-6760
Photo of Halleli Toder, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Halleli Toder
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Most people who reach out to me feel like there's some sort of a gap between what they want and what they have. This gap is uncomfortable, upsetting, or might be painful. And often it's unclear why this gap exists or what can be done to close it or at least narrow it down a bit. Each one of us has a set of life circumstances that need to be taken into account when attempting to improve on our lived-experience. Psychotherapy is the arena in which those personal circumstances, individual preferences, needs, wants, and struggles can be explored.
Most people who reach out to me feel like there's some sort of a gap between what they want and what they have. This gap is uncomfortable, upsetting, or might be painful. And often it's unclear why this gap exists or what can be done to close it or at least narrow it down a bit. Each one of us has a set of life circumstances that need to be taken into account when attempting to improve on our lived-experience. Psychotherapy is the arena in which those personal circumstances, individual preferences, needs, wants, and struggles can be explored.
(510) 318-3976 View (510) 318-3976
Photo of Natalia Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Natalia Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Feeling alone while surrounded by people intensifies the loneliness. No matter how much you try to do everything right, you somehow always feel like you're looking through a piece of glass. Maybe you've kept a few friendships but lost more than you can count without any reason provided. You'd rather be home than go out because socializing is exhausting. You've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or more in the past, and while some symptoms have subsided with treatment, it doesn't seem to fully leave you. You've always felt like an outsider even when you try your hardest to fit in.
Feeling alone while surrounded by people intensifies the loneliness. No matter how much you try to do everything right, you somehow always feel like you're looking through a piece of glass. Maybe you've kept a few friendships but lost more than you can count without any reason provided. You'd rather be home than go out because socializing is exhausting. You've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or more in the past, and while some symptoms have subsided with treatment, it doesn't seem to fully leave you. You've always felt like an outsider even when you try your hardest to fit in.
(510) 447-1494 View (510) 447-1494
Photo of Dr. Sasha Guillory, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Sasha Guillory
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Hi parents! Is your kid a little quirky, unconventional, shy, or sensitive? I have a warm and authentic approach to therapy that often appeals to young people who struggle to open up. If you are looking to support your child's mental health, functioning, and future growth I would love to help.
Hi parents! Is your kid a little quirky, unconventional, shy, or sensitive? I have a warm and authentic approach to therapy that often appeals to young people who struggle to open up. If you are looking to support your child's mental health, functioning, and future growth I would love to help.
(510) 647-6091 View (510) 647-6091
Photo of Justin McGahan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Justin McGahan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
A good therapist helps us get to know ourselves fully. Better understanding our motivations, thoughts and feelings reveals more fulfilling, effective choices. Exploring what is getting in our way of having deeply satisfying relationships is essential to living a full life. I often address issues of: understanding a partner's motivations, life purpose & transition, transparent vulnerable & authentic communication, finding/creating fulfilling relationship, confidence & leadership, men in relationship, trauma, and integrating presence in daily living.
A good therapist helps us get to know ourselves fully. Better understanding our motivations, thoughts and feelings reveals more fulfilling, effective choices. Exploring what is getting in our way of having deeply satisfying relationships is essential to living a full life. I often address issues of: understanding a partner's motivations, life purpose & transition, transparent vulnerable & authentic communication, finding/creating fulfilling relationship, confidence & leadership, men in relationship, trauma, and integrating presence in daily living.
(510) 358-4860 View (510) 358-4860
Photo of Mary Joye, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Mary Joye
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
Hello, I'm Mary Joye, and I am here to help you listen to yourself from a new and nonjudgmental perspective. We will work together to make connections between the past and the present to help you enjoy a brighter and better future.
Hello, I'm Mary Joye, and I am here to help you listen to yourself from a new and nonjudgmental perspective. We will work together to make connections between the past and the present to help you enjoy a brighter and better future.
(415) 993-3792 View (415) 993-3792
Photo of Anne E Gimbel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Anne E Gimbel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Life used to be easier! Perhaps you feel stuck in your relationships and you are not getting along with the people you see daily. Issues in life can be overwhelming and full of challenges. I begin by meeting you at your place of growth or healing, and whether trauma, abuse, grieving, recovery or life issues, we work together to overcome them. There is hope. Let me help you reach the goals and connections you deserve. With sensitivity and compassion, we work to determine what might be blocking your full potential and your feelings.
Life used to be easier! Perhaps you feel stuck in your relationships and you are not getting along with the people you see daily. Issues in life can be overwhelming and full of challenges. I begin by meeting you at your place of growth or healing, and whether trauma, abuse, grieving, recovery or life issues, we work together to overcome them. There is hope. Let me help you reach the goals and connections you deserve. With sensitivity and compassion, we work to determine what might be blocking your full potential and your feelings.
(760) 561-5421 View (760) 561-5421
Photo of Abigail Rooney, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Abigail Rooney
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I specialize in helping clients explore the impact of their childhood experiences on their present-day lives, facilitating healing from relational wounds. Did you come from a chaotic upbringing? Perhaps you took on adult responsibilities early due to caregivers struggling with addiction, abuse, mental illness, illness, or absence. Early exposure to such challenges often leaves a profound imprint, giving rise to a spectrum of behavioral responses including perfectionism, people-pleasing, codependency, compromised boundaries, diminished self-esteem, and an inability to articulate one's needs.
I specialize in helping clients explore the impact of their childhood experiences on their present-day lives, facilitating healing from relational wounds. Did you come from a chaotic upbringing? Perhaps you took on adult responsibilities early due to caregivers struggling with addiction, abuse, mental illness, illness, or absence. Early exposure to such challenges often leaves a profound imprint, giving rise to a spectrum of behavioral responses including perfectionism, people-pleasing, codependency, compromised boundaries, diminished self-esteem, and an inability to articulate one's needs.
(510) 998-2365 View (510) 998-2365
Photo of Lily Jaser, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lily Jaser
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Do you feel unsettled in relationships? Or limited by other peoples’ ideas of who you should be or how you should act? Is it hard to turn off that critical voice inside? Do you feel exhausted putting other people’s needs before your own? Do you seek a greater sense of authenticity in yourself and others? Sometimes we don't have the words to describe our experiences and that's ok. Together, we can work to transform old patterns. Whether its clarifying what you need, improving communication, or getting past the unresolved, my goal is to support you and help you learn more about yourself and your most important relationships.
Do you feel unsettled in relationships? Or limited by other peoples’ ideas of who you should be or how you should act? Is it hard to turn off that critical voice inside? Do you feel exhausted putting other people’s needs before your own? Do you seek a greater sense of authenticity in yourself and others? Sometimes we don't have the words to describe our experiences and that's ok. Together, we can work to transform old patterns. Whether its clarifying what you need, improving communication, or getting past the unresolved, my goal is to support you and help you learn more about yourself and your most important relationships.
(510) 272-7233 View (510) 272-7233
Photo of Christine Roslund, MFT, CPC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Christine Roslund, MFT, CPC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you struggling, feeling stagnate, having trouble moving beyond traumatic events or having relationship difficulties? I help people get past these all too common problems. I create a warm, safe, and nurturing environment using a client-centered and holistic approach. Together we will determine what the important issues affecting your life are. We will discover how you can resolve those issues so you can move on. For the past 20 years I have provided individualized, kind, solution-based therapy and life coaching for people of all ages.
Are you struggling, feeling stagnate, having trouble moving beyond traumatic events or having relationship difficulties? I help people get past these all too common problems. I create a warm, safe, and nurturing environment using a client-centered and holistic approach. Together we will determine what the important issues affecting your life are. We will discover how you can resolve those issues so you can move on. For the past 20 years I have provided individualized, kind, solution-based therapy and life coaching for people of all ages.
(510) 983-8259 View (510) 983-8259
Photo of Steven Karwoski, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Oakland, CA
Steven Karwoski
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I love helping people with all that life throws at us. Transitions such as moving to a new city, state or country or changing careers are not easy. Relationships, personal, family or work related often present struggles. As neurodivergent, I identify as jazz handsy, and enjoy working with the neurospicy. While teaching in the US and Europe I developed a high competency in providing psycho-education and psycho-social interventions. I am supervised by Natalie Webster MA. LMFT 126065, at Axis Mundi Center for Mental Health.
I love helping people with all that life throws at us. Transitions such as moving to a new city, state or country or changing careers are not easy. Relationships, personal, family or work related often present struggles. As neurodivergent, I identify as jazz handsy, and enjoy working with the neurospicy. While teaching in the US and Europe I developed a high competency in providing psycho-education and psycho-social interventions. I am supervised by Natalie Webster MA. LMFT 126065, at Axis Mundi Center for Mental Health.
(510) 726-0474 View (510) 726-0474
Photo of Geinel Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Geinel Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94603  (Online Only)
Are you constantly telling others you’re “fine” when that is the furthest thing from the truth? Do you feel your family, personal and work relationships could be better? Are you constantly telling yourself that you need to get your “ish” together? Whether you want to get support around new changes in your life or to work through problems that have been with you for years, let me support you in your steps towards wellness. I will assist you to uncover some of the assumptions and biases you hold about yourself, and help you break unhealthy cycles you may find yourself stuck in, while discovering and building upon your strengths.
Are you constantly telling others you’re “fine” when that is the furthest thing from the truth? Do you feel your family, personal and work relationships could be better? Are you constantly telling yourself that you need to get your “ish” together? Whether you want to get support around new changes in your life or to work through problems that have been with you for years, let me support you in your steps towards wellness. I will assist you to uncover some of the assumptions and biases you hold about yourself, and help you break unhealthy cycles you may find yourself stuck in, while discovering and building upon your strengths.
(341) 895-5854 View (341) 895-5854
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 650-5245 View (415) 650-5245

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.