Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Steven Herrmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Steven Herrmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Jungian Analyst Steven Herrmann, Ph.D., MFT, Montclair, Oakland, California. Are you looking to find ways to make changes in order to live a more satisfying and meaningful life? Are you finding yourself in repetitive patterns that are no longer working for you? Then I may be of assistance to you. I bring an in-depth approach that builds on your strengths and aims to untangle the roots to what is causing problems. This may lead to a reduction in painful symptoms, an opening of vocational possibilities, a newly found sense of joy, and to the transformation of your personality. Please feel free to visit my website at stevenherrmann.com
Jungian Analyst Steven Herrmann, Ph.D., MFT, Montclair, Oakland, California. Are you looking to find ways to make changes in order to live a more satisfying and meaningful life? Are you finding yourself in repetitive patterns that are no longer working for you? Then I may be of assistance to you. I bring an in-depth approach that builds on your strengths and aims to untangle the roots to what is causing problems. This may lead to a reduction in painful symptoms, an opening of vocational possibilities, a newly found sense of joy, and to the transformation of your personality. Please feel free to visit my website at stevenherrmann.com
(510) 531-2534 View (510) 531-2534
Photo of Acacia Hasina Chidi #lmft111125, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Acacia Hasina Chidi #lmft111125
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CEO
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Welcome! I’m Acacia Hasina Chidi, I am known to help inspire change in individual’s lives and relationships. Experience has demonstrated to me that change is possible and necessary. If you are ready to initiate change, I’d like to work with you through the process of therapy which can allow you to grow, and realize aspects of yourself you may not be aware of, or that you are aware of, but have been unable to manage. Years of experience working with individuals, couples, families, and specialized groups have enabled me tools and techniques that help people achieve a deeper understanding of relational patterns needing repair.
Welcome! I’m Acacia Hasina Chidi, I am known to help inspire change in individual’s lives and relationships. Experience has demonstrated to me that change is possible and necessary. If you are ready to initiate change, I’d like to work with you through the process of therapy which can allow you to grow, and realize aspects of yourself you may not be aware of, or that you are aware of, but have been unable to manage. Years of experience working with individuals, couples, families, and specialized groups have enabled me tools and techniques that help people achieve a deeper understanding of relational patterns needing repair.
(415) 729-2118 View (415) 729-2118
Photo of Sara Lesser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sara Lesser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
(510) 878-4008 View (510) 878-4008
Photo of Tristan Cook, Counselor in Oakland, CA
Tristan Cook
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Welcome! Take a seat wherever. Many of use feel like we suffer in silence with feelings or reactions we didn't want nor asked for. Whether its a constant, nagging tightness in your chest when around other people or the desire to move and fidget becomes to overwhelming to ignore. Sometimes we can feel very "stuck" or trapped with these feelings where we see no escape. Fortunately, there are different ways of seeing, interacting, or being that can alleviate that suffering and help you live the life you want to live.
Welcome! Take a seat wherever. Many of use feel like we suffer in silence with feelings or reactions we didn't want nor asked for. Whether its a constant, nagging tightness in your chest when around other people or the desire to move and fidget becomes to overwhelming to ignore. Sometimes we can feel very "stuck" or trapped with these feelings where we see no escape. Fortunately, there are different ways of seeing, interacting, or being that can alleviate that suffering and help you live the life you want to live.
(415) 727-3943 View (415) 727-3943
Photo of Inertia Q DeWitt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Inertia Q DeWitt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Do you feel disconnected from yourself? Like you're just not "you" anymore or you're not sure who you are now? Maybe you are in an abusive relationship, just left one, or have undergone a traumatic event or major life transition. You need help rediscovering and reconnecting with yourself. You might feel disappointed with what your life looks like and where you are headed in life. Depression and anxiety have taken the forefront in your life and you want a way back to feeling like yourself, a way back to feeling healthy and interested in life again.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself? Like you're just not "you" anymore or you're not sure who you are now? Maybe you are in an abusive relationship, just left one, or have undergone a traumatic event or major life transition. You need help rediscovering and reconnecting with yourself. You might feel disappointed with what your life looks like and where you are headed in life. Depression and anxiety have taken the forefront in your life and you want a way back to feeling like yourself, a way back to feeling healthy and interested in life again.
(213) 894-9285 View (213) 894-9285
Photo of Byrd Evans, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Byrd Evans
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94608
In our fast paced society that rarely affords us the opportunity for introspection, I believe that therapy becomes the space in our lives where we can slow down, reflect, and tune into the wisdom residing within our bodies and our hearts. I am committed to co-creating this space where you may understand yourself more lovingly, connect with what you truly want and need, and create lasting change and peace in your life. We will celebrate your strengths as well as locate the fears, obstacles, and outgrown narratives keeping you from embodying your most authentic self.
In our fast paced society that rarely affords us the opportunity for introspection, I believe that therapy becomes the space in our lives where we can slow down, reflect, and tune into the wisdom residing within our bodies and our hearts. I am committed to co-creating this space where you may understand yourself more lovingly, connect with what you truly want and need, and create lasting change and peace in your life. We will celebrate your strengths as well as locate the fears, obstacles, and outgrown narratives keeping you from embodying your most authentic self.
(510) 350-3538 View (510) 350-3538
Photo of Kathryn Orfirer, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Kathryn Orfirer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I am a clinical and developmental psychologist with over 35 years experience. I currently have limited availability for 1) caregivers seeking parenting support; 2) people anticipating or during pregnancy, adoption, fostering or otherwise transitioning to parenthood and early parenting; and, 3) for consultation and supervision for professionals and students.
I am a clinical and developmental psychologist with over 35 years experience. I currently have limited availability for 1) caregivers seeking parenting support; 2) people anticipating or during pregnancy, adoption, fostering or otherwise transitioning to parenthood and early parenting; and, 3) for consultation and supervision for professionals and students.
(510) 692-9736 View (510) 692-9736
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 650-5245 View (415) 650-5245
Photo of Katrina P Mautner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Katrina P Mautner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Clients often come to me when they’re having trouble balancing multiple identities or areas of their lives. You might feel overwhelmed, overworked, or confused about why you don't feel better. Maybe you’re struggling to manage relationships, feeling like you can't relax, or not being accepted as queer, trans, or non-monogamous by family or community. You might feel stuck in your head, and aren’t sure which way to turn to feel better. I have a passion for working with people who like using their big brains to solve big problems, live in liminal spaces, and who might be struggling to connect with others in the ways that they'd like.
Clients often come to me when they’re having trouble balancing multiple identities or areas of their lives. You might feel overwhelmed, overworked, or confused about why you don't feel better. Maybe you’re struggling to manage relationships, feeling like you can't relax, or not being accepted as queer, trans, or non-monogamous by family or community. You might feel stuck in your head, and aren’t sure which way to turn to feel better. I have a passion for working with people who like using their big brains to solve big problems, live in liminal spaces, and who might be struggling to connect with others in the ways that they'd like.
(510) 560-7516 View (510) 560-7516
Photo of Katie Fenton-Strauss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Katie Fenton-Strauss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you your own worst critic? When you are hard on yourself, it becomes challenging to find joy in your work and relationships. Finally putting an end to beating yourself up will free up energy for you to fulfill your goals. I use mindfulness and IFS (Internal Family Systems) strategies to help clients do deep and meaningful work in sessions. "I learned a long time ago the wisest thing I can do is be on my own side..." Maya Angelou When my clients are begin to truly be a friend to themselves, they notice positive changes in many aspects of their lives.
Are you your own worst critic? When you are hard on yourself, it becomes challenging to find joy in your work and relationships. Finally putting an end to beating yourself up will free up energy for you to fulfill your goals. I use mindfulness and IFS (Internal Family Systems) strategies to help clients do deep and meaningful work in sessions. "I learned a long time ago the wisest thing I can do is be on my own side..." Maya Angelou When my clients are begin to truly be a friend to themselves, they notice positive changes in many aspects of their lives.
(424) 352-7350 View (424) 352-7350
Photo of Lana Theimer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lana Theimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
(510) 493-7012 View (510) 493-7012
Photo of Lucia Heye, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lucia Heye
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I firmly believe that every client is entitled to an enriching life. My goal is to motivate clients in ascertaining their inner strengths, abilities, and inspirations. I have an extensive background in treating clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, unresolved childhood trauma, substance abuse, identity issues, along with several other life struggles. I provide short-term therapy, trauma-informed, solution-focused therapy, and addiction recovery.
I firmly believe that every client is entitled to an enriching life. My goal is to motivate clients in ascertaining their inner strengths, abilities, and inspirations. I have an extensive background in treating clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, unresolved childhood trauma, substance abuse, identity issues, along with several other life struggles. I provide short-term therapy, trauma-informed, solution-focused therapy, and addiction recovery.
(510) 491-9805 View (510) 491-9805
Photo of Roksana Sarrafan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Roksana Sarrafan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I bring a wealth of multicultural knowledge and experience to the table, ensuring you receive professional services built on respect and trust. Let’s bust the myth together: therapy isn’t just for those who’ve faced trauma. Whether you’re seeking clarity, a self-esteem boost, or solutions to life’s challenges, talking with a therapist can be life-changing!
As a therapist, I bring a wealth of multicultural knowledge and experience to the table, ensuring you receive professional services built on respect and trust. Let’s bust the myth together: therapy isn’t just for those who’ve faced trauma. Whether you’re seeking clarity, a self-esteem boost, or solutions to life’s challenges, talking with a therapist can be life-changing!
(510) 257-9758 View (510) 257-9758
Photo of Scott Silverstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Scott Silverstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
Seeking support can be difficult, especially if we become so accustomed to facing life's challenges alone. If we are able to reach out for support, taking that step can lead to real opportunities for growth and acceptance.
Seeking support can be difficult, especially if we become so accustomed to facing life's challenges alone. If we are able to reach out for support, taking that step can lead to real opportunities for growth and acceptance.
(415) 980-3475 View (415) 980-3475
Photo of Ari Daphne Vinion, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Ari Daphne Vinion
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I want to support my clients in feeling whole. This can mean learning how to safely unmask your Autism or ADHD, healing traumas old & new, setting healthy boundaries, strengthening communication with partners, learning new ways to approach challenges without shame, or bringing compassion to chronically ill bodyminds. I specialize in working with neurodivergant people and couples. My young clients enjoy my playful interventions that help them feel confident and proud of being uniquely themselves. My adult clients are relived to tackle challenges without shame and ableism.
I want to support my clients in feeling whole. This can mean learning how to safely unmask your Autism or ADHD, healing traumas old & new, setting healthy boundaries, strengthening communication with partners, learning new ways to approach challenges without shame, or bringing compassion to chronically ill bodyminds. I specialize in working with neurodivergant people and couples. My young clients enjoy my playful interventions that help them feel confident and proud of being uniquely themselves. My adult clients are relived to tackle challenges without shame and ableism.
(510) 916-2134 View (510) 916-2134
Photo of Casey Loughran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Casey Loughran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Therapy is the process of coming to a deeper understanding of ourselves and how we approach the world while contained in the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a safe, compassionate, and collaborative space to explore why patterns of thinking and interacting have become painful. In my experience, this process leads to improved relationships and communication, greater confidence and enjoyment in life, relief from feeling stuck, strengthened coping skills to manage life stressors, and progress towards one's inherent potential to thrive.
Therapy is the process of coming to a deeper understanding of ourselves and how we approach the world while contained in the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a safe, compassionate, and collaborative space to explore why patterns of thinking and interacting have become painful. In my experience, this process leads to improved relationships and communication, greater confidence and enjoyment in life, relief from feeling stuck, strengthened coping skills to manage life stressors, and progress towards one's inherent potential to thrive.
(510) 726-7877 View (510) 726-7877
Photo of Rayna Harris, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Rayna Harris
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I offer my clients specific tools to help them navigate difficult situations, reduce anxious thinking, manage depression, cope with trauma-related symptoms, set boundaries in relationships, and build confidence in themselves. I specialize in working with professionals in their 20’s and 30’s and enjoy helping them find a healthy balance between work, family/friends, and themselves. I have extensive experience teaching practical skills in these areas to best meet my clients' specific needs. I additionally specialize in helping people navigate relational trauma and work with the parts themselves that may be stuck in the past.
I offer my clients specific tools to help them navigate difficult situations, reduce anxious thinking, manage depression, cope with trauma-related symptoms, set boundaries in relationships, and build confidence in themselves. I specialize in working with professionals in their 20’s and 30’s and enjoy helping them find a healthy balance between work, family/friends, and themselves. I have extensive experience teaching practical skills in these areas to best meet my clients' specific needs. I additionally specialize in helping people navigate relational trauma and work with the parts themselves that may be stuck in the past.
(510) 319-1679 View (510) 319-1679
Photo of Sarah McCartney, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sarah McCartney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you a lesbian couple in the process of deciding to become parents? Are you an individual seeking support while you and your partner are thinking about beginning a family? There are unique decisions that you may be currently facing such as, pregnancy or adoption, which partner will become pregnant, and how will both partners feel involved as parents. It is important for you to have a safe space to explore these questions. There are feelings that accompany the decisions that you are making, and partners may feel differently. This sometimes challenges the connection between you.
Are you a lesbian couple in the process of deciding to become parents? Are you an individual seeking support while you and your partner are thinking about beginning a family? There are unique decisions that you may be currently facing such as, pregnancy or adoption, which partner will become pregnant, and how will both partners feel involved as parents. It is important for you to have a safe space to explore these questions. There are feelings that accompany the decisions that you are making, and partners may feel differently. This sometimes challenges the connection between you.
(510) 246-3475 View (510) 246-3475
Photo of Octave - Oakland Clinic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Octave - Oakland Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
(415) 687-2932 View (415) 687-2932
Photo of Wisdom of Mind and Body, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Wisdom of Mind and Body
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
We all want the same things. To be understood, recognized, treated with kindness and respect. To feel like we belong. We share the same path to growth through self-effort in overcoming challenges in our life’s journey. Are you mastering the game of life? You are more powerful than your past or stories. Truth be told, “life is simply what you create it to mean.” Imagine yourself as the eagle that soars up into the sky with Wisdom as a compass. I can help you with self-esteem, family, career, trauma, grief, chronic illness, depression, anxiety, womens’ empowerment, life transitions, relationships, death/dying, and pet loss.
We all want the same things. To be understood, recognized, treated with kindness and respect. To feel like we belong. We share the same path to growth through self-effort in overcoming challenges in our life’s journey. Are you mastering the game of life? You are more powerful than your past or stories. Truth be told, “life is simply what you create it to mean.” Imagine yourself as the eagle that soars up into the sky with Wisdom as a compass. I can help you with self-esteem, family, career, trauma, grief, chronic illness, depression, anxiety, womens’ empowerment, life transitions, relationships, death/dying, and pet loss.
(925) 255-7552 View (925) 255-7552

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.