Therapists in Livermore, CA

Photo of Shawna Welton, Psychologist in Livermore, CA
Shawna Welton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Mental illness and addiction can destroy lives. Recovery and treatment can restore your soul. One of the biggest obstacles in the way of helping yourself regain control of your mind and life is the first step of reaching out for help.
Mental illness and addiction can destroy lives. Recovery and treatment can restore your soul. One of the biggest obstacles in the way of helping yourself regain control of your mind and life is the first step of reaching out for help.
(510) 944-0974 View (510) 944-0974
Photo of Emily Ruha Keller, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Livermore, CA
Emily Ruha Keller
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, RPT-S, NCC, RYT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
Does your child, age 10 or under, need help connecting to themselves and others healthily? Do they need to heal trauma/exposure to conflict/violence? Do they need improved emotional regulation skills? To replace self-harm with self-nurture. I help children heal, grieve, and grow. My focus is on assisting children in developing a healthy sense of self and experiencing their power cooperatively (rather than competitively). Sometimes, I work with parents to help them heal their own childhood trauma and be emotionally available to their children. Other times, I work with families to uncover and change dysfunctional patterns.
Does your child, age 10 or under, need help connecting to themselves and others healthily? Do they need to heal trauma/exposure to conflict/violence? Do they need improved emotional regulation skills? To replace self-harm with self-nurture. I help children heal, grieve, and grow. My focus is on assisting children in developing a healthy sense of self and experiencing their power cooperatively (rather than competitively). Sometimes, I work with parents to help them heal their own childhood trauma and be emotionally available to their children. Other times, I work with families to uncover and change dysfunctional patterns.
(984) 204-6920 View (984) 204-6920
Photo of Lynzie Genel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Lynzie Genel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Hi there! I'm Lynzie Genel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with License 116340, and I'm excited to embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and personal growth with you. Welcome to a safe, supportive space where you're free to be your authentic self, to explore, and to transform. My client focus centers on individuals who may have had involvement with the child welfare system and high school students, drawing from my background in the child welfare system and current role as a high school social worker.
Hi there! I'm Lynzie Genel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with License 116340, and I'm excited to embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and personal growth with you. Welcome to a safe, supportive space where you're free to be your authentic self, to explore, and to transform. My client focus centers on individuals who may have had involvement with the child welfare system and high school students, drawing from my background in the child welfare system and current role as a high school social worker.
(925) 515-2987 View (925) 515-2987
Photo of Victoria Letica, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Victoria Letica
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
Hello, my name is Vicki Letica, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of the East Bay Area. If you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, grief, or going through a difficult phase of life, we may be a good fit. My belief is that looking inward and exploring parts of ourselves, especially the ones that we might want to hide or we feel shame about, is a worthwhile journey towards wholeness and better relationships with others and ourselves.  My work is informed by Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems
Hello, my name is Vicki Letica, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of the East Bay Area. If you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, grief, or going through a difficult phase of life, we may be a good fit. My belief is that looking inward and exploring parts of ourselves, especially the ones that we might want to hide or we feel shame about, is a worthwhile journey towards wholeness and better relationships with others and ourselves.  My work is informed by Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems
(925) 208-0162 View (925) 208-0162
Photo of Debbie Curtis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Debbie Curtis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
I work with teens and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, or that may be asking the question “who am I really?” Life transitions may bring uncertainty which can prevent us from enjoying a healthy and happy life. I am here to discuss tough subjects in order to build coping skills that promote success and a positive self-identity. When working with teens I work with parents to develop an effective plan that helps support their child’s improvement and build meaningful relationships.
I work with teens and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, or that may be asking the question “who am I really?” Life transitions may bring uncertainty which can prevent us from enjoying a healthy and happy life. I am here to discuss tough subjects in order to build coping skills that promote success and a positive self-identity. When working with teens I work with parents to develop an effective plan that helps support their child’s improvement and build meaningful relationships.
(925) 666-6349 View (925) 666-6349
Photo of Gregory D. Burns, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Gregory D. Burns
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
I am passionate about: Couples Counseling (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Healing Shame (self-esteem, confidence, anger), Old Trauma (co-dependency, PTSD), Alcoholism Recovery (12 Steps, emotional sobriety), Grief/Loss, Christian and/or Spiritual Counseling, Aging and special needs children. My deepest conviction is the dignity of the human person and my best tools are compassion, mercy, forgiveness and grace.
I am passionate about: Couples Counseling (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Healing Shame (self-esteem, confidence, anger), Old Trauma (co-dependency, PTSD), Alcoholism Recovery (12 Steps, emotional sobriety), Grief/Loss, Christian and/or Spiritual Counseling, Aging and special needs children. My deepest conviction is the dignity of the human person and my best tools are compassion, mercy, forgiveness and grace.
(925) 968-4753 View (925) 968-4753
Photo of Kathleen Suzanne Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Kathleen Suzanne Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
I have a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with a specialization in Forensic Psychology from Santa Clara University. I spent the first five year of my career working with children and adolescents who experienced sexual abuse. In 2007, I transitioned to the City of Fremont's Youth & Family Services Department. For the past 10 years, I have worked with trauma victims of crime, youth offenders diverted from the juvenile justice system, and adolescents with early addiction issues. I also worked with children who were the victim's of violent crimes and their families
I have a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with a specialization in Forensic Psychology from Santa Clara University. I spent the first five year of my career working with children and adolescents who experienced sexual abuse. In 2007, I transitioned to the City of Fremont's Youth & Family Services Department. For the past 10 years, I have worked with trauma victims of crime, youth offenders diverted from the juvenile justice system, and adolescents with early addiction issues. I also worked with children who were the victim's of violent crimes and their families
(925) 526-4896 View (925) 526-4896
Photo of Melissa Gutierrez, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Livermore, CA
Melissa Gutierrez
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MFA, APCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94550
My clients often feel like they're too much: too scared, too anxious, too angry, too sad, too weird, too quiet, too loud, too bad, and even too good. Whether something big and traumatic happened to make you feel "off" or you just got born this way, we work together to explore it, accept it, and do something you feel good about with it. My goal is to help clients find the way to be most themselves in the world so that they feel confident enough to learn new behaviors and different ways of connecting for successful relationships with themselves and others.
My clients often feel like they're too much: too scared, too anxious, too angry, too sad, too weird, too quiet, too loud, too bad, and even too good. Whether something big and traumatic happened to make you feel "off" or you just got born this way, we work together to explore it, accept it, and do something you feel good about with it. My goal is to help clients find the way to be most themselves in the world so that they feel confident enough to learn new behaviors and different ways of connecting for successful relationships with themselves and others.
(415) 237-4386 View (415) 237-4386
Photo of Jordan Boehler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Jordan Boehler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94550
If you could let go of anything, what would it be? I provide short-term, intensive therapy that resolves the cause of your issue. I am a practitioner of Mimetic Therapies. This means I facilitate profound and transformational experiences in the resolution of Trauma/PTSD and Grief/Loss, as well as panic, depression, phobia, and pain for anyone- regardless of background- interested in feeling better. My ideal client is done talking about it, done doing workbooks, done understanding the cause. I connect deeply and directly with the parts of you that have been trying so hard to protect and heal your self and cause them to collaborate.
If you could let go of anything, what would it be? I provide short-term, intensive therapy that resolves the cause of your issue. I am a practitioner of Mimetic Therapies. This means I facilitate profound and transformational experiences in the resolution of Trauma/PTSD and Grief/Loss, as well as panic, depression, phobia, and pain for anyone- regardless of background- interested in feeling better. My ideal client is done talking about it, done doing workbooks, done understanding the cause. I connect deeply and directly with the parts of you that have been trying so hard to protect and heal your self and cause them to collaborate.
(925) 248-3871 View (925) 248-3871
Photo of Cassie Renz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Cassie Renz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550  (Online Only)
This relationship has you twisted in knots. You’ve been contorting yourself for this other person for so long that you’re barely recognizable. You’ve tried ending things before, but somehow you always wind up back together again – stuck in the same toxic cycle. Constantly walking on eggshells, riddled with anxiety, second-guessing every move for fear that the slightest misstep will lead to another round of berating. You try so hard, bending over backwards to please this person, but nothing you do ever seems good enough. It’s all too much. You can’t sleep, you can’t eat. You feel so trapped and hopeless. It can’t go on like this.
This relationship has you twisted in knots. You’ve been contorting yourself for this other person for so long that you’re barely recognizable. You’ve tried ending things before, but somehow you always wind up back together again – stuck in the same toxic cycle. Constantly walking on eggshells, riddled with anxiety, second-guessing every move for fear that the slightest misstep will lead to another round of berating. You try so hard, bending over backwards to please this person, but nothing you do ever seems good enough. It’s all too much. You can’t sleep, you can’t eat. You feel so trapped and hopeless. It can’t go on like this.
(925) 315-9404 View (925) 315-9404
Photo of Rachel Polack, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Rachel Polack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
I am Rachel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social Work from the University of Michigan focusing on Mental Health and a specialty in School Social Work. My undergraduate studies also took place at The University of Michigan where I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology. I have experience working with children, teenagers, young adults, adults and couples. I specialize in grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, coping strategies and daily life difficulties.
I am Rachel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social Work from the University of Michigan focusing on Mental Health and a specialty in School Social Work. My undergraduate studies also took place at The University of Michigan where I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology. I have experience working with children, teenagers, young adults, adults and couples. I specialize in grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, coping strategies and daily life difficulties.
(209) 661-7291 View (209) 661-7291
Photo of Emma Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Emma Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550  (Online Only)
My patients come to me because they are stuck - maybe you and your partner keep having the same argument over and over; you can’t seem to shake certain thoughts, feelings, or habits; or your heart and life have broken open in a way you can’t seem to make sense of alone. Many of the people I work with experienced trauma in their past. These experiences can create barriers to fulfillment in relationships and life more broadly - often unknowingly. By remaining curious about what lies beneath the surface, and exploring new ways of relating to self and others, we will work together to create, and claim, a space that is truly your own.
My patients come to me because they are stuck - maybe you and your partner keep having the same argument over and over; you can’t seem to shake certain thoughts, feelings, or habits; or your heart and life have broken open in a way you can’t seem to make sense of alone. Many of the people I work with experienced trauma in their past. These experiences can create barriers to fulfillment in relationships and life more broadly - often unknowingly. By remaining curious about what lies beneath the surface, and exploring new ways of relating to self and others, we will work together to create, and claim, a space that is truly your own.
(925) 528-0520 View (925) 528-0520
Photo of Gail St James, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Gail St James
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Gail St.James, LMFT, is California's licensed marriage and family therapist. As a Humanistic Therapist, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the foundation of my practice, as well as Motivational Interviewing, allowing the client to take the lead in their own well-being. Although client history and traumatic events are important, I focus on the present, and moving forward in life, a positive approach to avoid centering on the past.
Gail St.James, LMFT, is California's licensed marriage and family therapist. As a Humanistic Therapist, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the foundation of my practice, as well as Motivational Interviewing, allowing the client to take the lead in their own well-being. Although client history and traumatic events are important, I focus on the present, and moving forward in life, a positive approach to avoid centering on the past.
(925) 966-3974 View (925) 966-3974
Photo of Peggy Messerschmidt, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Peggy Messerschmidt, MA, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Blocked? Do you struggle with relationships, being assertive, asking for what you need, setting appropriate boundaries or navigating conflict? Do you have a history of trauma or neglect and still struggle with its effects? As a LMFT, I can help you explore these issues and more, so you can come to understand yourself more deeply and make more conscious life choices.
Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Blocked? Do you struggle with relationships, being assertive, asking for what you need, setting appropriate boundaries or navigating conflict? Do you have a history of trauma or neglect and still struggle with its effects? As a LMFT, I can help you explore these issues and more, so you can come to understand yourself more deeply and make more conscious life choices.
(925) 241-5521 View (925) 241-5521
Photo of Amanda Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Amanda Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Hi, I'm Amanda Smith and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. My passion has been to help those who are struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues, among others. I have trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Motivational Interviewing, Seeking Safety, and Superhero Therapy. I began my Marriage and Family Telehealth practice in California out of a desire to use my life experience, education, and faith to help serve the emotional and behavioral health needs of our community and state.
Hi, I'm Amanda Smith and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. My passion has been to help those who are struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues, among others. I have trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Motivational Interviewing, Seeking Safety, and Superhero Therapy. I began my Marriage and Family Telehealth practice in California out of a desire to use my life experience, education, and faith to help serve the emotional and behavioral health needs of our community and state.
(925) 267-6490 View (925) 267-6490
Photo of Alanna Esquejo, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Livermore, CA
Alanna Esquejo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal clients are couples and individuals with desire to improve their relationships, in an intimate partner setting or with family members. Change can often be difficult and uncomfortable. It is much easier when there is willingness to be reflective and gain insight from another's perspective. There are tools to improve your communication and manage conflict productively. Oftentimes we are too close to the issues that we may not be able to a clear direction to the goals we want to achieve.
My ideal clients are couples and individuals with desire to improve their relationships, in an intimate partner setting or with family members. Change can often be difficult and uncomfortable. It is much easier when there is willingness to be reflective and gain insight from another's perspective. There are tools to improve your communication and manage conflict productively. Oftentimes we are too close to the issues that we may not be able to a clear direction to the goals we want to achieve.
(925) 420-8412 View (925) 420-8412
Photo of Mary Patricia Killoran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Mary Patricia Killoran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
My name is Mary Pat Killoran LCSW. I am a Certified Imago Relationship Therapist. I have many years experience dealing with Individuals with Substance Abuse and the Families experiencing the effects. I work with clients and families dealing with Substance Abuse. I work with Adults, Couples and Families. I work with Depression, Life transitions, Grief and Aging concerns. I provide Coaching for optimal potential.
My name is Mary Pat Killoran LCSW. I am a Certified Imago Relationship Therapist. I have many years experience dealing with Individuals with Substance Abuse and the Families experiencing the effects. I work with clients and families dealing with Substance Abuse. I work with Adults, Couples and Families. I work with Depression, Life transitions, Grief and Aging concerns. I provide Coaching for optimal potential.
(925) 332-0271 View (925) 332-0271
Photo of Joe Zummo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Joe Zummo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
I currently have availability afternoons and evenings. My goal is to help you resolve pain, repair relationships, lessen negative thoughts, heal trauma, and feel better overall. I am down-to-earth and am comfortable talking with many different types of people. I am great at assessing the problem and helping you figure out what you want or need to get your life on track.
I currently have availability afternoons and evenings. My goal is to help you resolve pain, repair relationships, lessen negative thoughts, heal trauma, and feel better overall. I am down-to-earth and am comfortable talking with many different types of people. I am great at assessing the problem and helping you figure out what you want or need to get your life on track.
(925) 369-7683 View (925) 369-7683
Photo of Danelle Spikes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Danelle Spikes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Hello, My name is Danelle Spikes and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) working in San Bernardino County where I see clients via telehealth all over the State of California. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I often use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Brain spotting to assist clients in meeting their needs and goals.
Hello, My name is Danelle Spikes and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) working in San Bernardino County where I see clients via telehealth all over the State of California. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I often use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Brain spotting to assist clients in meeting their needs and goals.
(925) 397-2174 View (925) 397-2174
Photo of Olga Cervantes, Psychologist in Livermore, CA
Olga Cervantes
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Welcome, I'm Dr. Cervantes, Psychologist. I recognize the importance of taking a holistic approach to your wellness. Together, we will identify and achieve your treatment goals. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach to address mood management, healing from trauma, relationship issues, transitions in life, and career stressors/growth. I typically work with individuals and families who are ready to learn new ways of approaching new or chronic challenges in their personal and/or work life.
Welcome, I'm Dr. Cervantes, Psychologist. I recognize the importance of taking a holistic approach to your wellness. Together, we will identify and achieve your treatment goals. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach to address mood management, healing from trauma, relationship issues, transitions in life, and career stressors/growth. I typically work with individuals and families who are ready to learn new ways of approaching new or chronic challenges in their personal and/or work life.
(925) 886-3983 View (925) 886-3983

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Livermore, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Livermore, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
67% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Livermore, CA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Livermore?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.