Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Shameless Mama Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Shameless Mama Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Do you worry that you're not being the best mom you can be? Do you struggle with thoughts that scare you - thoughts that you try to keep hidden from others? By sitting still, you may feel more isolated and disconnected, missing opportunities to connect with your baby. Allowing shame to take hold might prevent you from taking steps toward wellness. This is a transition that you can navigate successfully with a little guidance. Investing in wellness ensures you don't miss the opportunity to enjoy this time with your baby. If you reach out, you can feel more connected and supported. This is where you start, not where you finish.
Do you worry that you're not being the best mom you can be? Do you struggle with thoughts that scare you - thoughts that you try to keep hidden from others? By sitting still, you may feel more isolated and disconnected, missing opportunities to connect with your baby. Allowing shame to take hold might prevent you from taking steps toward wellness. This is a transition that you can navigate successfully with a little guidance. Investing in wellness ensures you don't miss the opportunity to enjoy this time with your baby. If you reach out, you can feel more connected and supported. This is where you start, not where you finish.
(415) 498-1650 View (415) 498-1650
Photo of Sonia Sztejnklaper Bell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sonia Sztejnklaper Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
As a therapist with over 30 years of experience, including as a director of clinical services at a non-profit agency, I've worked with individuals of all ages, couples and families. I offer a wide range of therapy services, specializing in helping my clients deal with emotional and behavioral issues, including anxiety and depression. I also have extensive experience working with those undergoing personal transitions, family, marital and relationship issues, coping with medical challenges including loss and grief.
As a therapist with over 30 years of experience, including as a director of clinical services at a non-profit agency, I've worked with individuals of all ages, couples and families. I offer a wide range of therapy services, specializing in helping my clients deal with emotional and behavioral issues, including anxiety and depression. I also have extensive experience working with those undergoing personal transitions, family, marital and relationship issues, coping with medical challenges including loss and grief.
(415) 578-9229 View (415) 578-9229
Photo of Framework Associates, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Framework Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Want to use your insurance to pay for therapy, but having a hard time finding a therapist who's accepting new clients? Stop your endless searching and skip the waitlists! We'd love to offer some help. Please visit FrameworkPsych.com to schedule your first appointment. Framework Associates was founded on the principles of providing affordable, accessible therapy from highly qualified therapists. We've invested in the latest healthcare technology that allows you to securely videochat with a therapist from the comfort of your own home.
Want to use your insurance to pay for therapy, but having a hard time finding a therapist who's accepting new clients? Stop your endless searching and skip the waitlists! We'd love to offer some help. Please visit FrameworkPsych.com to schedule your first appointment. Framework Associates was founded on the principles of providing affordable, accessible therapy from highly qualified therapists. We've invested in the latest healthcare technology that allows you to securely videochat with a therapist from the comfort of your own home.
(310) 807-2761 View (310) 807-2761
Photo of Bay Area Center For Anxiety, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Bay Area Center For Anxiety
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
(415) 594-4145 View (415) 594-4145
Photo of Elizabeth Chavez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Chavez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Not accepting new clients
Hello, I have 22 years experience working with clients collaboratively, am empathic and non-judgmental and provide a safe space where you can work with a culturally sensitive therapist. I am fluent in Spanish; bilingual and bicultural. I have worked with children, teens, adults and families and have worked extensively with those impacted by violence and abuse as well as those dealing with trauma and other family issues. I provide bereavement and grief services to adults and children. I also have experience in providing psychosocial assessments for UVisa and political asylum applications as well as hardship assessments.
Hello, I have 22 years experience working with clients collaboratively, am empathic and non-judgmental and provide a safe space where you can work with a culturally sensitive therapist. I am fluent in Spanish; bilingual and bicultural. I have worked with children, teens, adults and families and have worked extensively with those impacted by violence and abuse as well as those dealing with trauma and other family issues. I provide bereavement and grief services to adults and children. I also have experience in providing psychosocial assessments for UVisa and political asylum applications as well as hardship assessments.
(628) 600-1726 View (628) 600-1726
Photo of Luna Shadzi in San Francisco, CA
Luna Shadzi
AMFT, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Becoming your best self has never been more possible! Together, let’s figure out how to achieve your goals and find your inner truth. In my therapy practice, I draw on my personal experience, struggles, and growth to better empathize with my patients. Therapy helped me overcome traumas and complicated griefs. It helped me find a new meaning in life which is to help others find their way and achieve their goals.
Becoming your best self has never been more possible! Together, let’s figure out how to achieve your goals and find your inner truth. In my therapy practice, I draw on my personal experience, struggles, and growth to better empathize with my patients. Therapy helped me overcome traumas and complicated griefs. It helped me find a new meaning in life which is to help others find their way and achieve their goals.
(571) 517-2918 View (571) 517-2918
Photo of Mountain Bloom Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mountain Bloom Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94121  (Online Only)
I work with motivated people who have perhaps come to realize that they are stuck in fight or flight, always feel “on”, stressed, or frozen in their lives. People seek me out to work on anxiety, depression, and complex traumatic issues like abuse, neglect, and suicidality. Many clients simply seek balance in their lives and to feel connected to themselves and others again. I also work with those in/or seeking recovery or harm reduction from substance use and/or behavioral addictions. While I am not a substance use counselor, I can work as a part of your recovery team to help strengthen your recovery and reduce relapses.
I work with motivated people who have perhaps come to realize that they are stuck in fight or flight, always feel “on”, stressed, or frozen in their lives. People seek me out to work on anxiety, depression, and complex traumatic issues like abuse, neglect, and suicidality. Many clients simply seek balance in their lives and to feel connected to themselves and others again. I also work with those in/or seeking recovery or harm reduction from substance use and/or behavioral addictions. While I am not a substance use counselor, I can work as a part of your recovery team to help strengthen your recovery and reduce relapses.
(628) 250-3679 View (628) 250-3679
Photo of Bradley Akin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bradley Akin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
(415) 818-1436 View (415) 818-1436
Photo of Kinship Counseling Collective, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kinship Counseling Collective
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
We work with all different types of people and issues. Kinship Counseling Collective's mission is to provide our clients with culturally relevant therapy, creative choices, and genuine connections. We want to inspire you to deepen and lead your healing journey and acquire the tools to live a more liberated life.
We work with all different types of people and issues. Kinship Counseling Collective's mission is to provide our clients with culturally relevant therapy, creative choices, and genuine connections. We want to inspire you to deepen and lead your healing journey and acquire the tools to live a more liberated life.
(415) 903-9201 View (415) 903-9201
Photo of Caroline Lewis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Caroline Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MIM
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
(970) 478-9160 View (970) 478-9160
Photo of Krista L (Durbin) Ehrenfried, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Krista L (Durbin) Ehrenfried
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Hi I'm Krista, and I'm so glad you're here. I specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress/burnout, relationship issues, or those who come from dysfunctional family systems. I also have a focus in working premarital couples and women who are perinatal in the transition from maiden to mother and the issues that can come up around pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood. I take a holistic approach to therapy, weaving together eastern philosophy with western psychology in my sessions, bringing awareness to the present moment and the body.
Hi I'm Krista, and I'm so glad you're here. I specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress/burnout, relationship issues, or those who come from dysfunctional family systems. I also have a focus in working premarital couples and women who are perinatal in the transition from maiden to mother and the issues that can come up around pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood. I take a holistic approach to therapy, weaving together eastern philosophy with western psychology in my sessions, bringing awareness to the present moment and the body.
(415) 635-0479 View (415) 635-0479
Photo of Dr. Shemya Vaughn, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Shemya Vaughn
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, CRC, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I work with people who are part of the BIPOC or LGBTQ+ community as well as folks who belong in both communities recovering from childhood trauma. Being in these communities make it challenging to navigate work environments; and maintain healthy romantic relationships and friendships, especially if we experienced abuse or neglect as a child. Additionally, we often need reminders to intentionally seek joy because the world can seem quite by attacking our intersecting identities on a local and global stage. When we start working together, I will remind you to frolic and engage in activities and relationships that help you to thrive.
I work with people who are part of the BIPOC or LGBTQ+ community as well as folks who belong in both communities recovering from childhood trauma. Being in these communities make it challenging to navigate work environments; and maintain healthy romantic relationships and friendships, especially if we experienced abuse or neglect as a child. Additionally, we often need reminders to intentionally seek joy because the world can seem quite by attacking our intersecting identities on a local and global stage. When we start working together, I will remind you to frolic and engage in activities and relationships that help you to thrive.
(415) 873-2893 View (415) 873-2893
Photo of Lindsay Goodlin - California Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lindsay Goodlin - California Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Helping You Become Your Best Self: none of us wants to struggle but even with our best intentions & efforts we can find ourselves stuck, confused & in a position of self-doubt. We are vulnerable to blaming ourselves when things go wrong & we often feel pressure from all different directions. I will help you navigate life's challenges with compassion, non-judgement & humor. We will work on building up inherent strengths (yes you have them), coping strategies & making space for more adaptive ways of relating to the world. I provide direct & honest feedback within a supportive & relational framework.
Helping You Become Your Best Self: none of us wants to struggle but even with our best intentions & efforts we can find ourselves stuck, confused & in a position of self-doubt. We are vulnerable to blaming ourselves when things go wrong & we often feel pressure from all different directions. I will help you navigate life's challenges with compassion, non-judgement & humor. We will work on building up inherent strengths (yes you have them), coping strategies & making space for more adaptive ways of relating to the world. I provide direct & honest feedback within a supportive & relational framework.
(510) 662-6271 View (510) 662-6271
Photo of Lauren Britt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lauren Britt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Feel better today. I help people change self-defeating behaviors into life affirming actions using solution focused evidence-based therapies. If you want effective, rapid results and feel ready to get to work, please contact me.
Feel better today. I help people change self-defeating behaviors into life affirming actions using solution focused evidence-based therapies. If you want effective, rapid results and feel ready to get to work, please contact me.
(628) 666-0967 View (628) 666-0967
Photo of Tamara Alton, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tamara Alton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Life can seem to throw us curve balls at times. Whether with work, parenting, or relationships, we can become off-balance. Therapy can help you find that balance. We all strive for peace and calm in our lives. However, life is constantly changing, and it can sometimes be overwhelming. I am here to help you navigate through these challenges in your life. With over 15 years of experience, I enjoy working with people of color struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and life transitions.
Life can seem to throw us curve balls at times. Whether with work, parenting, or relationships, we can become off-balance. Therapy can help you find that balance. We all strive for peace and calm in our lives. However, life is constantly changing, and it can sometimes be overwhelming. I am here to help you navigate through these challenges in your life. With over 15 years of experience, I enjoy working with people of color struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and life transitions.
(442) 223-0385 View (442) 223-0385
Photo of Niketa Kumar, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Niketa Kumar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
I specialize in working with underrepresented populations, particularly those who work in tech. This includes people of color, women, LGBTQ folk, first- and second-generation immigrants, and first-generation college students, to name a few. The issues that people commonly come to see me for include depression, anxiety, identity issues, low self-esteem and confidence, work stress, and dating/relationship stress.
I specialize in working with underrepresented populations, particularly those who work in tech. This includes people of color, women, LGBTQ folk, first- and second-generation immigrants, and first-generation college students, to name a few. The issues that people commonly come to see me for include depression, anxiety, identity issues, low self-esteem and confidence, work stress, and dating/relationship stress.
(415) 237-6374 View (415) 237-6374
Photo of Spiritual Unification Istitute of AIWP, Pastoral Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Spiritual Unification Istitute of AIWP
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, PC, FNCPC, FNCCCE, Counsel
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Do you have a relationship that needs improving? Do your career, business skills, performance, and money power need a boost? Are negativity and self-doubt sabotaging the very things you want to do ... stopping you before you begin? Is your creativity at a dead stop? Has your power of attraction tad the dust? Do you start projects and never finish? Do you want to increase your personal magnetism and attract the right kind of people in your life? Your goals are achievable and the possibilities are endless with Biblical Counseling and Hypnosis sessions. I am Certified COVID-19 and Behavioral Health
Do you have a relationship that needs improving? Do your career, business skills, performance, and money power need a boost? Are negativity and self-doubt sabotaging the very things you want to do ... stopping you before you begin? Is your creativity at a dead stop? Has your power of attraction tad the dust? Do you start projects and never finish? Do you want to increase your personal magnetism and attract the right kind of people in your life? Your goals are achievable and the possibilities are endless with Biblical Counseling and Hypnosis sessions. I am Certified COVID-19 and Behavioral Health
(415) 524-7894 View (415) 524-7894
Photo of Frances Paola Mulcahy, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Frances Paola Mulcahy
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
(415) 918-6655 View (415) 918-6655
Photo of Mary LaGue, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Mary LaGue
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Throughout my 20 years of experience as a psychologist, I have helped people cope with anxiety, depression, and the stresses of life changes such as divorce, medical issues, menopause, retirement, grief, and much more. My mission is to partner with my patients to develop coping strategies, improve self-awareness, and help them enhance their relationships with others. I guide my clients through the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and Object Relations. I am here to support your healing and personal growth.
Throughout my 20 years of experience as a psychologist, I have helped people cope with anxiety, depression, and the stresses of life changes such as divorce, medical issues, menopause, retirement, grief, and much more. My mission is to partner with my patients to develop coping strategies, improve self-awareness, and help them enhance their relationships with others. I guide my clients through the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and Object Relations. I am here to support your healing and personal growth.
(619) 651-9495 View (619) 651-9495
Photo of Dr. Mandy Zenda, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Mandy Zenda
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome to the private practice website of Dr. Mandy Zenda. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of sleep difficulties such as insomnia, anxiety and stress, and mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. I practice evidence-based treatments supported by scientific research. These treatments are generally brief and provide sustained relief from distress. My approach to treatment is warm and collaborative; together we set goals and work to achieve them.
Hello, and welcome to the private practice website of Dr. Mandy Zenda. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of sleep difficulties such as insomnia, anxiety and stress, and mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. I practice evidence-based treatments supported by scientific research. These treatments are generally brief and provide sustained relief from distress. My approach to treatment is warm and collaborative; together we set goals and work to achieve them.
(415) 366-3742 View (415) 366-3742

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.