Therapists in Winston Salem, NC

Photo of Melinda Snyder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Melinda Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MDiv, LCMHP
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Hello! I have been trained in Play Therapy, EMDR, PTSD, and Trauma Therapy and specialize in anxiety and depression. I have been in the mental health field since 2007 and have an office located near Hanes Mall in Winston Salem. Most clients find my approach gentle, compassionate and involved. I try to leave you with something in each session, instead of "just listening." You can expect to be accepted where you are, to feel safe, and to be an active participant in your unique journey as we move at your own pace.
Hello! I have been trained in Play Therapy, EMDR, PTSD, and Trauma Therapy and specialize in anxiety and depression. I have been in the mental health field since 2007 and have an office located near Hanes Mall in Winston Salem. Most clients find my approach gentle, compassionate and involved. I try to leave you with something in each session, instead of "just listening." You can expect to be accepted where you are, to feel safe, and to be an active participant in your unique journey as we move at your own pace.
(336) 360-6452 View (336) 360-6452
Photo of Paiga Jones, Pre-Licensed Professional in Winston Salem, NC
Paiga Jones
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSW-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103  (Online Only)
Everything begins with your mindset. First, I would like to congratulate you on making the right decision to take action over your life. My name is Paiga Jones, and I am here to support you as you take this journey! My core values are to keep my faith strong and be a walking embodiment of love here on earth to spread love to others. These core values led me to find my passion in helping individuals find solutions and cope with problems that they may be having. It brings me joy to be able to build healthy and genuine connections.
Everything begins with your mindset. First, I would like to congratulate you on making the right decision to take action over your life. My name is Paiga Jones, and I am here to support you as you take this journey! My core values are to keep my faith strong and be a walking embodiment of love here on earth to spread love to others. These core values led me to find my passion in helping individuals find solutions and cope with problems that they may be having. It brings me joy to be able to build healthy and genuine connections.
(336) 933-6531 View (336) 933-6531
Photo of Claire Harward, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winston Salem, NC
Claire Harward
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27107  (Online Only)
I help individuals & couples overcome obstacles such as adult ADHD and autism, anxiety, life transitions, conflict management, and lack of connection in relationships. I advocate for clients’ relationship with self and others so they may leave therapy with the confidence to handle the challenges of life. I create safety and trust with clients through empathy and a judgement free environment. I offer couples help with identifying negative cycles causing hurt and disconnection while teaching them skills to improve communication and increase satisfaction and fun in their relationship.
I help individuals & couples overcome obstacles such as adult ADHD and autism, anxiety, life transitions, conflict management, and lack of connection in relationships. I advocate for clients’ relationship with self and others so they may leave therapy with the confidence to handle the challenges of life. I create safety and trust with clients through empathy and a judgement free environment. I offer couples help with identifying negative cycles causing hurt and disconnection while teaching them skills to improve communication and increase satisfaction and fun in their relationship.
(919) 646-9677 View (919) 646-9677
Photo of Yamuna Cleopatra Roach, Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Yamuna Cleopatra Roach
Counselor, MS, LCMHC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Taking that first step to reach out to a therapist requires courage, yet the benefits are deeply rewarding. In my practice, I work with individuals of all ages, crafting a collaborative journey tailored to each person's unique needs. With a foundation of support, empathy, and keen insight, I create a nurturing and empowering therapeutic environment. I adapt my methods to meet clients where they are in their personal growth, ensuring a customized and comfortable pace for their journey towards healing and self-discovery.
Taking that first step to reach out to a therapist requires courage, yet the benefits are deeply rewarding. In my practice, I work with individuals of all ages, crafting a collaborative journey tailored to each person's unique needs. With a foundation of support, empathy, and keen insight, I create a nurturing and empowering therapeutic environment. I adapt my methods to meet clients where they are in their personal growth, ensuring a customized and comfortable pace for their journey towards healing and self-discovery.
(336) 332-2277 View (336) 332-2277
Photo of Kelly M Sink, Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Kelly M Sink
Counselor, LCMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27106
On the outside, you put on a mask showing everyone you have a great life. You are dependable, hardworking, and happy. But on the inside, you feel lost, hopeless, and never good enough. You are seen as withdrawn, anxious, lazy, angry, unreliable, or any number of other things. Except you aren’t! You just cannot get a handle on your brain. You have frequent thoughts that things will never get better. You spend every day trying to keep it together, but you just cannot do it anymore. You don’t have to feel this way.
On the outside, you put on a mask showing everyone you have a great life. You are dependable, hardworking, and happy. But on the inside, you feel lost, hopeless, and never good enough. You are seen as withdrawn, anxious, lazy, angry, unreliable, or any number of other things. Except you aren’t! You just cannot get a handle on your brain. You have frequent thoughts that things will never get better. You spend every day trying to keep it together, but you just cannot do it anymore. You don’t have to feel this way.
(336) 515-6622 View (336) 515-6622
Photo of Christopher J. Koniarczyk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Christopher J. Koniarczyk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LAC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27101
It is my belief that finding the right therapist for YOU is the most important thing you can do. Working with young adults and their families is my specialty but my practice is open to anyone looking to grow, heal, and change. Is your child struggling to complete school or find employment? Has your marriage/relationship become challenging? Are you dealing with depression or anxiety that has become unmanageable? Are you a parent looking for support? Whatever life is throwing at you, I can help.
It is my belief that finding the right therapist for YOU is the most important thing you can do. Working with young adults and their families is my specialty but my practice is open to anyone looking to grow, heal, and change. Is your child struggling to complete school or find employment? Has your marriage/relationship become challenging? Are you dealing with depression or anxiety that has become unmanageable? Are you a parent looking for support? Whatever life is throwing at you, I can help.
(336) 619-2073 View (336) 619-2073
Photo of Jacob S Blackstock, Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Jacob S Blackstock
Counselor, MEd, LCMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Jacob Blackstock, LCMHCA, NCC earned his Master of Education (M.ED.) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from UNC Pembroke in 2016 and is currently finishing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in Counseling and Counselor Education from UNC Greensboro. Jacob’s dissertation research focuses on loneliness in young adults and Jacob hopes to use this research to help young adults form healthier connections with others. Jacob has experience working in hospital, community agency, and college counseling settings.
Jacob Blackstock, LCMHCA, NCC earned his Master of Education (M.ED.) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from UNC Pembroke in 2016 and is currently finishing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in Counseling and Counselor Education from UNC Greensboro. Jacob’s dissertation research focuses on loneliness in young adults and Jacob hopes to use this research to help young adults form healthier connections with others. Jacob has experience working in hospital, community agency, and college counseling settings.
(336) 948-1902 View (336) 948-1902
Photo of Susannah S Cecil, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Susannah S Cecil
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LCMHCS, E-RYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Waitlist for new clients
As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor (LCMHCS), I work with children & adolescents, adults & families to help build meaningful, purposeful lives. Whether it's couple's conflict, stress & anxiety, binge eating, depression, or grief, my goal is to create a calm space to explore thoughts and feelings. I bring evidence based skills - treatments that work - to the process of healing and change. If you feel stuck and can’t seem to move forward, I want to offer you hope that life can get better.
As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor (LCMHCS), I work with children & adolescents, adults & families to help build meaningful, purposeful lives. Whether it's couple's conflict, stress & anxiety, binge eating, depression, or grief, my goal is to create a calm space to explore thoughts and feelings. I bring evidence based skills - treatments that work - to the process of healing and change. If you feel stuck and can’t seem to move forward, I want to offer you hope that life can get better.
(336) 396-5906 View (336) 396-5906
Photo of Caitlin C Thompson, Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Caitlin C Thompson
Counselor, LCMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate at Affinity Counseling & Wellness, PLLC. We offer individual, group, couples, and family counseling, and serve clients from diverse backgrounds and walks of life. My clinical experience includes working with individuals of all ages—children (7 and older), teens, and adults—as well as groups. I have a special interest in working with adolescents and young adults experiencing life transitions and adjustment difficulty, spiritual issues, and/or trauma.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate at Affinity Counseling & Wellness, PLLC. We offer individual, group, couples, and family counseling, and serve clients from diverse backgrounds and walks of life. My clinical experience includes working with individuals of all ages—children (7 and older), teens, and adults—as well as groups. I have a special interest in working with adolescents and young adults experiencing life transitions and adjustment difficulty, spiritual issues, and/or trauma.
(336) 975-5297 View (336) 975-5297
Photo of Winston Salem Couples & Family Counseling, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Winston Salem Couples & Family Counseling
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Relationships are hard work, but you're in the right place. Whether you've been married for years or just dating and considering making a commitment, we can help. Couples who come to see us often have a strong desire to be closer to their partner but have found themselves locked in a pattern of stressful interaction, which leads to the problems they are hoping to address in counseling. Together we navigate the process of understanding the cycles couples get stuck in and identify what needs to change in order to build a safe, intimate, and loving connection.
Relationships are hard work, but you're in the right place. Whether you've been married for years or just dating and considering making a commitment, we can help. Couples who come to see us often have a strong desire to be closer to their partner but have found themselves locked in a pattern of stressful interaction, which leads to the problems they are hoping to address in counseling. Together we navigate the process of understanding the cycles couples get stuck in and identify what needs to change in order to build a safe, intimate, and loving connection.
(336) 815-4333 View (336) 815-4333
Photo of Chris Vasilos, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Chris Vasilos
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27106
In my work as a therapist, I strive to promote positive change. I have been in practice since 2013 and have worked in various mental health settings, including psychiatric hospitals, day treatment centers for troubled youth, intensive in-home therapy, contract work through public schools, and community-based outpatient treatment. I have experience in working with clients who struggle in the following areas: anxiety, anger management, depression, low self-esteem, ADHD, self-harm, major life events, and excessive worrying.
In my work as a therapist, I strive to promote positive change. I have been in practice since 2013 and have worked in various mental health settings, including psychiatric hospitals, day treatment centers for troubled youth, intensive in-home therapy, contract work through public schools, and community-based outpatient treatment. I have experience in working with clients who struggle in the following areas: anxiety, anger management, depression, low self-esteem, ADHD, self-harm, major life events, and excessive worrying.
(336) 360-3925 View (336) 360-3925
Photo of Kim Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winston Salem, NC
Kim Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27101
I am IFS Level One trained and primarily use this psychospiritual modality in my practice. This involves taking a deep dive into the inner workings of our system, and being open to exploring mystical healing. I am also trained in IFS-informed EMDR, and sometimes blend these modalities for optimal results when working with complex trauma. I will be facilitating IFS groups in the spring of 2024.
I am IFS Level One trained and primarily use this psychospiritual modality in my practice. This involves taking a deep dive into the inner workings of our system, and being open to exploring mystical healing. I am also trained in IFS-informed EMDR, and sometimes blend these modalities for optimal results when working with complex trauma. I will be facilitating IFS groups in the spring of 2024.
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Photo of Olivia Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Olivia Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27106
I enjoy working with all ages, especially young children and teens. My areas of interest include traumatic experiences, PTSD, addiction, anxiety, depression and grief. I have had specialized experience working with trauma survivors of a of all ages in a hospital setting. I believe in a collaborative, empathetic, person-centered, holistic approach.
I enjoy working with all ages, especially young children and teens. My areas of interest include traumatic experiences, PTSD, addiction, anxiety, depression and grief. I have had specialized experience working with trauma survivors of a of all ages in a hospital setting. I believe in a collaborative, empathetic, person-centered, holistic approach.
(336) 502-2114 View (336) 502-2114
Photo of Karen A. Cauthen, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Karen A. Cauthen
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27127  (Online Only)
If you were a drop of water and you dropped into the ocean it would cause a ripple effect. Or, if you dropped onto land the surface would rearrange. This is what we do every day. We connect and interact with each other causing changes. We are not alone on this planet. We have purpose. We might think we are islands but an island is still connected to the main land, the connection is just covered by a mass of water. Understanding we are not alone creates hope, hope empowers, and power fuels transformation.
If you were a drop of water and you dropped into the ocean it would cause a ripple effect. Or, if you dropped onto land the surface would rearrange. This is what we do every day. We connect and interact with each other causing changes. We are not alone on this planet. We have purpose. We might think we are islands but an island is still connected to the main land, the connection is just covered by a mass of water. Understanding we are not alone creates hope, hope empowers, and power fuels transformation.
(336) 344-7019 View (336) 344-7019
Photo of Liliana Breton, Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Liliana Breton
Counselor, MA, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27101  (Online Only)
Have you ever felt the world heavy on your shoulders or find it difficult to express thoughts or feelings? Do you feel stuck, and would like someone to listen and provide insight and relief? Do you struggle with emotional overwhelm and intrusive thoughts? I aim to provide the most effective therapeutic approach utilizing evidence-based strategies and techniques that will help you identify and change distortions in thinking. You will learn coping skills and acquire the tools necessary to manage thoughts and feelings while incorporating mindfulness to help you return to the best level of functioning.
Have you ever felt the world heavy on your shoulders or find it difficult to express thoughts or feelings? Do you feel stuck, and would like someone to listen and provide insight and relief? Do you struggle with emotional overwhelm and intrusive thoughts? I aim to provide the most effective therapeutic approach utilizing evidence-based strategies and techniques that will help you identify and change distortions in thinking. You will learn coping skills and acquire the tools necessary to manage thoughts and feelings while incorporating mindfulness to help you return to the best level of functioning.
(336) 530-5996 View (336) 530-5996
Photo of Wrights Care Services, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Winston Salem, NC
Wrights Care Services
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Wrights Care Services is a private counseling practice that is committed to the healing and transformation. Serving individuals since 2009 we developed a personable touch to treatment. We provide telehealth and some in person counseling to meet your needs. Whether you are dealing with depression, anxiety, divorce, stress,trauma, parenting or relationship issues we are here to help. Emotional healing is one call away. We welcome you to start your journey to healing.
Wrights Care Services is a private counseling practice that is committed to the healing and transformation. Serving individuals since 2009 we developed a personable touch to treatment. We provide telehealth and some in person counseling to meet your needs. Whether you are dealing with depression, anxiety, divorce, stress,trauma, parenting or relationship issues we are here to help. Emotional healing is one call away. We welcome you to start your journey to healing.
(336) 551-8810 View (336) 551-8810
Photo of Autumn Vaca, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winston Salem, NC
Autumn Vaca
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Change can be scary. If you feel stuck in undesired patterns of behavior, tumultuous relationships with others, an unhealthy relationship with yourself, or are uncertain about how to best begin the process of creating a more fulfilling life for yourself, therapy can help! Having a safe space where you can share your thoughts and feelings, gain insight into your behavior and, and develop the skills you need to create meaningful change can make all the difference in your journey. Let’s work together to help you find more fulfillment, peace, and joy in your life!
Change can be scary. If you feel stuck in undesired patterns of behavior, tumultuous relationships with others, an unhealthy relationship with yourself, or are uncertain about how to best begin the process of creating a more fulfilling life for yourself, therapy can help! Having a safe space where you can share your thoughts and feelings, gain insight into your behavior and, and develop the skills you need to create meaningful change can make all the difference in your journey. Let’s work together to help you find more fulfillment, peace, and joy in your life!
(336) 962-6960 x1 View (336) 962-6960 x1
Photo of Kristin Vergo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winston Salem, NC
Kristin Vergo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Are you searching for more purpose in your life? Are your relationships unfulfilling? Do you feel disconnected to yourself and others? I help clients create a life and relationships that are more in line with what they value and feel more nourishing on a soul level.
Are you searching for more purpose in your life? Are your relationships unfulfilling? Do you feel disconnected to yourself and others? I help clients create a life and relationships that are more in line with what they value and feel more nourishing on a soul level.
(336) 900-0945 View (336) 900-0945
Photo of Dominique Correa, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate in Winston Salem, NC
Dominique Correa
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MS, LCMHC-A
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27106
Welcome to a safe space where healing and growth thrive. If you're a person of color, particularly African American or Latino, navigating the complexities of relationships, battling with self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trust issues, borderline personality concerns, or grappling with the aftermath of infidelity, you've found a supportive sanctuary. Together, let's embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and empowerment, fostering stronger connections and cultivating emotional resilience.
Welcome to a safe space where healing and growth thrive. If you're a person of color, particularly African American or Latino, navigating the complexities of relationships, battling with self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trust issues, borderline personality concerns, or grappling with the aftermath of infidelity, you've found a supportive sanctuary. Together, let's embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and empowerment, fostering stronger connections and cultivating emotional resilience.
(336) 948-8627 View (336) 948-8627
Photo of Kimberley Renee Hunt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winston Salem, NC
Kimberley Renee Hunt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27127
Not accepting new clients
I know the world can be overwhelming and stressful. You may feel like no matter what you do it is never good enough or that you struggle coping with all the stressors in your life. This feeling of unworthiness can have a negative impact on how you view both yourself and the world around you. These thoughts and feelings influence your actions. My goal is for you to learn self-acceptance, personal empowerment and to find your truest self. I focus on building a strong alliance with you and building on those strengths.
I know the world can be overwhelming and stressful. You may feel like no matter what you do it is never good enough or that you struggle coping with all the stressors in your life. This feeling of unworthiness can have a negative impact on how you view both yourself and the world around you. These thoughts and feelings influence your actions. My goal is for you to learn self-acceptance, personal empowerment and to find your truest self. I focus on building a strong alliance with you and building on those strengths.
(336) 594-2669 View (336) 594-2669

See more therapy options for Winston Salem

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Winston Salem, NC

500+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Winston Salem, NC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Winston Salem, NC see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Winston Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.