Therapists in Madison, WI

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Photo of Julie Educate, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Julie Educate
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719  (Online Only)
I work with clients ages 8 and up in a telehealth setting. I have worked with clients with presenting symptoms of ADHD, Autism, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, college students, times of transition and adjustment disorder, family conflict, parenting, peer relationships, stress, self-harm, grief, and loss, and I am an LGBTQ+ ally. We will work as a team to explore your goals and try to achieve them with science-based practices.
I work with clients ages 8 and up in a telehealth setting. I have worked with clients with presenting symptoms of ADHD, Autism, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, college students, times of transition and adjustment disorder, family conflict, parenting, peer relationships, stress, self-harm, grief, and loss, and I am an LGBTQ+ ally. We will work as a team to explore your goals and try to achieve them with science-based practices.
(262) 999-7261 View (262) 999-7261
Photo of Jennifer M Warner - Holistic Psychotherapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Jennifer M Warner - Holistic Psychotherapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSE, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
My real passion is in helping my clients step into their own power. I focus holistically on the whole person, which includes the mind, body, spirit and emotion. I believe that all 4 areas are needed to fully heal. I use a variety of holistic and alternative experiential practices to assist in accelerating one's healing process. Through this approach individuals are able to shift out of old patterning, self-limiting beliefs, thoughts, and habits. I am able to help one get to the deeper core issues that are blocking them from living a full and happy life.
My real passion is in helping my clients step into their own power. I focus holistically on the whole person, which includes the mind, body, spirit and emotion. I believe that all 4 areas are needed to fully heal. I use a variety of holistic and alternative experiential practices to assist in accelerating one's healing process. Through this approach individuals are able to shift out of old patterning, self-limiting beliefs, thoughts, and habits. I am able to help one get to the deeper core issues that are blocking them from living a full and happy life.
(608) 709-0964 View (608) 709-0964
Photo of Bethe Bonk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Bethe Bonk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
Waitlist for new clients
It can be hard to ask for help especially if you are struggling. I believe that no one succeeds in life without help from others. I am a person centered therapist; I am here to get to know you so we can work together to create a supportive healing environment. I will work to assess what you need and use the therapeutic tools and techniques that are the best fit for you so you get the best treatment possible.
It can be hard to ask for help especially if you are struggling. I believe that no one succeeds in life without help from others. I am a person centered therapist; I am here to get to know you so we can work together to create a supportive healing environment. I will work to assess what you need and use the therapeutic tools and techniques that are the best fit for you so you get the best treatment possible.
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Photo of Tom McBride, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Tom McBride
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, Tom focuses on how family systems function and shape us. This allows clients to explore concerns on an individual level as well as discover how interactions with others may be affecting them. With a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy and Bachelor's in Art Therapy from Edgewood College in Madison, WI, he is able to provide clients with a wide range of therapeutic tools from the traditional to the creative. He is dedicated to client care and has experience working with individuals, couples, and families. Tom has spent several years working with individuals on the autism spectrum.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, Tom focuses on how family systems function and shape us. This allows clients to explore concerns on an individual level as well as discover how interactions with others may be affecting them. With a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy and Bachelor's in Art Therapy from Edgewood College in Madison, WI, he is able to provide clients with a wide range of therapeutic tools from the traditional to the creative. He is dedicated to client care and has experience working with individuals, couples, and families. Tom has spent several years working with individuals on the autism spectrum.
(608) 909-6584 View (608) 909-6584
Photo of Amy Holder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Amy Holder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719  (Online Only)
Are you looking for an experienced and relatable therapist? I offer teletherapy to adults that is modern, accessible, and holistic. I have experience treating a variety of concerns and specialize in anxiety, depression, life transitions, burnout, brain-gut health issues, & women’s issues. I utilize a modern, integrative approach and blend modalities to individualize treatment to each client’s unique needs. Therapy provides possibilities for growth, acceptance and discovery. I aim to create a safe, therapeutic environment and foster a collaborative relationship that can give way to endless opportunities for clients to learn and heal.
Are you looking for an experienced and relatable therapist? I offer teletherapy to adults that is modern, accessible, and holistic. I have experience treating a variety of concerns and specialize in anxiety, depression, life transitions, burnout, brain-gut health issues, & women’s issues. I utilize a modern, integrative approach and blend modalities to individualize treatment to each client’s unique needs. Therapy provides possibilities for growth, acceptance and discovery. I aim to create a safe, therapeutic environment and foster a collaborative relationship that can give way to endless opportunities for clients to learn and heal.
(608) 960-8825 View (608) 960-8825
Photo of Amy Everson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Amy Everson
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
I enjoy helping clients with the personal growth opportunities that arise out of life challenges, and most often work with clients going through transitions such as professional changes or divorce.
I enjoy helping clients with the personal growth opportunities that arise out of life challenges, and most often work with clients going through transitions such as professional changes or divorce.
(608) 305-2208 View (608) 305-2208
Photo of Margaret A Lambert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Margaret A Lambert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53719
Margaret Lambert, MSW, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, teacher and author. She specializes in all areas of adult relationships. Her approach is eclectic in nature but has a strong foundation in Family Systems Theory, with a Cognitive-Behavioral and Mindfulness approach. Margaret has training and experience in a variety of areas including grief and loss, marital issues, divorce recovery, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem . She is currently teaching the following classes: Rebuilding When Your Relationship Ends, Dating Dementia: Keeping Your Brain in the Dating Game, Women's Self-Esteem & Relationships and Men's Self-Esteem and Relationships.
Margaret Lambert, MSW, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, teacher and author. She specializes in all areas of adult relationships. Her approach is eclectic in nature but has a strong foundation in Family Systems Theory, with a Cognitive-Behavioral and Mindfulness approach. Margaret has training and experience in a variety of areas including grief and loss, marital issues, divorce recovery, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem . She is currently teaching the following classes: Rebuilding When Your Relationship Ends, Dating Dementia: Keeping Your Brain in the Dating Game, Women's Self-Esteem & Relationships and Men's Self-Esteem and Relationships.
(608) 433-9346 x1 View (608) 433-9346 x1
Photo of Elizabeth Schrimpf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Elizabeth Schrimpf
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Elizabeth Schrimpf is a licensed professional counselor, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from Lakeland College in Sheboygan, WI with a community mental health counseling focusing on young adults and individuals transitioning from one stage of life to another. Elizabeth believes in a holistic, whole-person approach to care focused on learning to manage and process complicated emotions. Her main areas of focus include anxiety and depression, grief, burnout and adjusting to lifestyle changes such as divorce/relationship end, parenthood and retirement.
Elizabeth Schrimpf is a licensed professional counselor, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from Lakeland College in Sheboygan, WI with a community mental health counseling focusing on young adults and individuals transitioning from one stage of life to another. Elizabeth believes in a holistic, whole-person approach to care focused on learning to manage and process complicated emotions. Her main areas of focus include anxiety and depression, grief, burnout and adjusting to lifestyle changes such as divorce/relationship end, parenthood and retirement.
(608) 200-5433 View (608) 200-5433
Photo of Anna Roberts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Anna Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Anna B. Roberts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA in Sociology from Sonoma State University and an MA in Social Work (MSW) from Boston College. Anna loves working with children, adolescents, and families. She has years of experience providing trauma informed care as well as CBT, MI, PCP, and play therapy. Anna uses her background in art to promote healing and positive mental health in her therapy sessions. She hopes to earn credentialing as an Art Therapist and in EMDR. Anna and her husband have been married for 11+ years and have been trying to grow their family.
Anna B. Roberts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA in Sociology from Sonoma State University and an MA in Social Work (MSW) from Boston College. Anna loves working with children, adolescents, and families. She has years of experience providing trauma informed care as well as CBT, MI, PCP, and play therapy. Anna uses her background in art to promote healing and positive mental health in her therapy sessions. She hopes to earn credentialing as an Art Therapist and in EMDR. Anna and her husband have been married for 11+ years and have been trying to grow their family.
(608) 200-5129 View (608) 200-5129
Photo of Krystle Haviland Wholewithin Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Krystle Haviland Wholewithin Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, ICS
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
I have the privilege of being a licensed mental health, addiction, and trauma therapist with 15 years of experience in the Madison area. Through this work I have had the honor of bearing witness to women, in all phases of life, experience deep pain and suffering yet achieve recovery and healing. I am also a mother to three daughters. It is through this work, my felt sense of being a woman, and my personal experience within motherhood that I have continued to pursue training and education to empower women. I am dedicated to walk alongside women and help them to thrive during each stage of life and beyond.
I have the privilege of being a licensed mental health, addiction, and trauma therapist with 15 years of experience in the Madison area. Through this work I have had the honor of bearing witness to women, in all phases of life, experience deep pain and suffering yet achieve recovery and healing. I am also a mother to three daughters. It is through this work, my felt sense of being a woman, and my personal experience within motherhood that I have continued to pursue training and education to empower women. I am dedicated to walk alongside women and help them to thrive during each stage of life and beyond.
(608) 564-5659 View (608) 564-5659
Photo of Alison Kilkelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Alison Kilkelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
•••• Private, Trustworthy, Effective Therapy & Coaching for Couples & Adults•••• I applaud you for taking the first step to living a life you love! My office is your safe and soothing therapy space to talk about whatever you’d like. My clients want to take an honest look at themselves and learn: *HEALTHY COMMUNICATION with partner, friends, family, colleagues *PRODUCTIVE self-reflection *CLARITY in decision-making *effective COPING for depression/anxiety/irritability/anger *how to stop co-dependent tendencies *to feel EMPOWERED *confidently set and HOLD BOUNDARIES
•••• Private, Trustworthy, Effective Therapy & Coaching for Couples & Adults•••• I applaud you for taking the first step to living a life you love! My office is your safe and soothing therapy space to talk about whatever you’d like. My clients want to take an honest look at themselves and learn: *HEALTHY COMMUNICATION with partner, friends, family, colleagues *PRODUCTIVE self-reflection *CLARITY in decision-making *effective COPING for depression/anxiety/irritability/anger *how to stop co-dependent tendencies *to feel EMPOWERED *confidently set and HOLD BOUNDARIES
(608) 554-4330 View (608) 554-4330
Photo of J Campbell LCSW SC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
J Campbell LCSW SC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
I believe that psychotherapy is most effective when approached as a collaborative and relational process. I work with people seeking help with a variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, the effects of trauma, bipolar disorder, anger, and life transitions. I use a combination of approaches including psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have over twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents (age 13 and older). If you have any questions about working with me, please do not hesitate to contact me.
I believe that psychotherapy is most effective when approached as a collaborative and relational process. I work with people seeking help with a variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, the effects of trauma, bipolar disorder, anger, and life transitions. I use a combination of approaches including psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have over twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents (age 13 and older). If you have any questions about working with me, please do not hesitate to contact me.
(608) 200-2745 x105 View (608) 200-2745 x105
Photo of Rachel Ellis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Rachel Ellis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53719
Do you find yourself numbing because life feels too overwhelming? Or maybe you're using alcohol or other substances to cope with stress more than you'd like? If so, you are not alone! We can work together to identify areas of stress and anxiety and process past traumas that are standing in your way of living the life you want. Together, we can create new habits and work to remove the barriers that are standing in the way of where you want to go.
Do you find yourself numbing because life feels too overwhelming? Or maybe you're using alcohol or other substances to cope with stress more than you'd like? If so, you are not alone! We can work together to identify areas of stress and anxiety and process past traumas that are standing in your way of living the life you want. Together, we can create new habits and work to remove the barriers that are standing in the way of where you want to go.
(608) 546-9480 View (608) 546-9480
Photo of Kate Cousin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Kate Cousin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711  (Online Only)
The person-to-person connection in therapy is of the utmost importance to me. I am a deeply compassionate person with a true desire to help others find healing and growth. I bring my authentic self to each therapy session—including my lived experience, sense of humor, and breadth of knowledge about the field—and invite each client to do the same. You will find in me a gentle, warm presence with an unassuming, nonjudgmental approach.
The person-to-person connection in therapy is of the utmost importance to me. I am a deeply compassionate person with a true desire to help others find healing and growth. I bring my authentic self to each therapy session—including my lived experience, sense of humor, and breadth of knowledge about the field—and invite each client to do the same. You will find in me a gentle, warm presence with an unassuming, nonjudgmental approach.
(608) 413-3884 View (608) 413-3884
Photo of Beth Hopkins, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Beth Hopkins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53711
My goal is to create a warm and welcoming environment that fosters healing, growth, and understanding. I take a collaborative approach where together we identify your goals, your strengths, and what is most meaningful to you. Everyone has their own unique experience and perspective and I meet clients wherever they are on their journey. I work with individuals and couples with a variety of concerns including anxiety, life transitions, self-esteem, and relational conflicts. I am certified in Level 1 of Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
My goal is to create a warm and welcoming environment that fosters healing, growth, and understanding. I take a collaborative approach where together we identify your goals, your strengths, and what is most meaningful to you. Everyone has their own unique experience and perspective and I meet clients wherever they are on their journey. I work with individuals and couples with a variety of concerns including anxiety, life transitions, self-esteem, and relational conflicts. I am certified in Level 1 of Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
(608) 344-6871 View (608) 344-6871
Photo of Elizabeth Reeder, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Elizabeth Reeder
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
I Have been a licensed Marriage and Family therapist providing psychotherapy at Moontree Psychotherapy since 2008, although, I have been working with adults, children and families in a variety of capacities for over 15 years. I am a Humanistic-Mindfulness based psychotherapist. Whether you are seeking treatment for mental illness or need help with managing the circumstances in your life, I pay attention to all the parts of the human system ( body, mind, emotion, spirituality, relationships) and help you bring them into balance. .
I Have been a licensed Marriage and Family therapist providing psychotherapy at Moontree Psychotherapy since 2008, although, I have been working with adults, children and families in a variety of capacities for over 15 years. I am a Humanistic-Mindfulness based psychotherapist. Whether you are seeking treatment for mental illness or need help with managing the circumstances in your life, I pay attention to all the parts of the human system ( body, mind, emotion, spirituality, relationships) and help you bring them into balance. .
(608) 291-3880 x8 View (608) 291-3880 x8
Photo of Katie Plotz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Katie Plotz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53718  (Online Only)
Counseling is a collaborative process. I strive to meet each client where they are at, validate their experience, and assist them in making healthy lifestyle changes. My approach is client centered and strength based.
Counseling is a collaborative process. I strive to meet each client where they are at, validate their experience, and assist them in making healthy lifestyle changes. My approach is client centered and strength based.
(608) 708-6838 View (608) 708-6838
Photo of Zeus Arreguin, Counselor in Madison, WI
Zeus Arreguin
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53717
I offer extensive counseling services to individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, anger, relationships and family conflicts. These presenting issues may include marriage and/or relationships, parenting, general life decisions, work conflict, self-identity, self-esteem, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, sexuality and sex addictions. I work with clients to discover the root of the problem, construct a treatment plan and guide their growth through various counseling methods in our work together.
I offer extensive counseling services to individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, anger, relationships and family conflicts. These presenting issues may include marriage and/or relationships, parenting, general life decisions, work conflict, self-identity, self-esteem, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, sexuality and sex addictions. I work with clients to discover the root of the problem, construct a treatment plan and guide their growth through various counseling methods in our work together.
(608) 471-7418 View (608) 471-7418
Photo of Simone D LaPierre, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Simone D LaPierre
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT-IT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703  (Online Only)
As a Marriage and Family Therapist I work with individuals, families and couples, struggling with past trauma, infidelity, trust, affected family members, suicidality, preparation of commitment, and next-step family planning. I see a diverse group of patients from all sorts of different backgrounds, cultures, sexualities, abilities, ages, and creeds.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist I work with individuals, families and couples, struggling with past trauma, infidelity, trust, affected family members, suicidality, preparation of commitment, and next-step family planning. I see a diverse group of patients from all sorts of different backgrounds, cultures, sexualities, abilities, ages, and creeds.
(608) 818-8078 View (608) 818-8078
Photo of Mercy Maxan Greenwald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Mercy Maxan Greenwald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53718
Clients that I see come from all sorts of backgrounds and present with diverse challenges and strengths. Many of the clients I work with are living with complex trauma, due to both the individual challenges they've faced in their lives, but also due to living in a society that has been structured to dehumanize and marginalize many people. I work with clients collaboratively, not only to see the ways in which they want to change behaviors/thoughts/patterns in how they are in the world, but also to develop resiliency and strength to face the systemic barriers that challenge their ability to live full and joyful lives.
Clients that I see come from all sorts of backgrounds and present with diverse challenges and strengths. Many of the clients I work with are living with complex trauma, due to both the individual challenges they've faced in their lives, but also due to living in a society that has been structured to dehumanize and marginalize many people. I work with clients collaboratively, not only to see the ways in which they want to change behaviors/thoughts/patterns in how they are in the world, but also to develop resiliency and strength to face the systemic barriers that challenge their ability to live full and joyful lives.
(608) 292-5863 View (608) 292-5863

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
66% Life Transitions
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% Quartz
51% Other
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.