Therapists in Wilmington, DE

Photo of Chelsea S Andrews, Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Chelsea S Andrews
Counselor, LPCMH, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19809  (Online Only)
Does managing and working through life’s challenges feel impossible at times? Is it a challenge believing you're worthy? Maybe you are feeling stuck or stagnant and sense that you need a change, however are unsure just what that is. Past and current life experiences can shape thoughts and feeling about the self, impacts relationships with others, and influences future events in sometimes unhelpful, or even harmful ways. It is my commitment to ‘meet you where you are’ when you come into my office, and build a trusting therapeutic relationship together.
Does managing and working through life’s challenges feel impossible at times? Is it a challenge believing you're worthy? Maybe you are feeling stuck or stagnant and sense that you need a change, however are unsure just what that is. Past and current life experiences can shape thoughts and feeling about the self, impacts relationships with others, and influences future events in sometimes unhelpful, or even harmful ways. It is my commitment to ‘meet you where you are’ when you come into my office, and build a trusting therapeutic relationship together.
(302) 316-3346 View (302) 316-3346
Photo of Beech Tree Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wilmington, DE
Beech Tree Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19808
Waitlist for new clients
You may be here because you are struggling with feeling like your mental health concerns are controlling your life. Or that your grief from losing a loved one or many loved ones has become too much to bear. Maybe you and your partner have reached a level of conflict that is too painful for both of you. My goal is to listen with an open heart and mind and to be your guide as you move through the healing process. I believe that each person has the capacity to heal themselves, and with a therapist walking alongside you, that healing can be both powerful and long-lasting.
You may be here because you are struggling with feeling like your mental health concerns are controlling your life. Or that your grief from losing a loved one or many loved ones has become too much to bear. Maybe you and your partner have reached a level of conflict that is too painful for both of you. My goal is to listen with an open heart and mind and to be your guide as you move through the healing process. I believe that each person has the capacity to heal themselves, and with a therapist walking alongside you, that healing can be both powerful and long-lasting.
(302) 549-4028 View (302) 549-4028
Photo of Yulia Watters, Marriage & Family Therapist in Wilmington, DE
Yulia Watters
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19809
Utilizing solution-focused strength based approach Dr Yulia Watters offers counseling to individuals, couples and families. Free phone Consultation available. What I cherish the most in being a therapist is the opportunity to work along with my clients to help them build their solutions towards a desired future. Nelson Mandela is known for saying "It's always seems impossible until it is done". At some point in our lives we might feel discouraged afraid or stuck. This is not to say that with a little help we can overcome our challenges and find a new path towards growth and fulfillment.
Utilizing solution-focused strength based approach Dr Yulia Watters offers counseling to individuals, couples and families. Free phone Consultation available. What I cherish the most in being a therapist is the opportunity to work along with my clients to help them build their solutions towards a desired future. Nelson Mandela is known for saying "It's always seems impossible until it is done". At some point in our lives we might feel discouraged afraid or stuck. This is not to say that with a little help we can overcome our challenges and find a new path towards growth and fulfillment.
(754) 260-1242 View (754) 260-1242
Photo of Patricia H Smith in Wilmington, DE
Patricia H Smith
EdD, MEd, CCC, CEP, CFCC
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19801
Finding a Good Career is Paramount! Whether you are a new professional, or looking to switch careers, I can assist you with exploring and finding a career or college that suits you, creating a step-by-step plan that will remove the stress and uncertainty of achieving your career and educational goals, providing support "accountability partnerships" to reach your career goals, and identifying tools (training and certification programs), to leverage your career advancement. Schedule Your Free Consultation.
Finding a Good Career is Paramount! Whether you are a new professional, or looking to switch careers, I can assist you with exploring and finding a career or college that suits you, creating a step-by-step plan that will remove the stress and uncertainty of achieving your career and educational goals, providing support "accountability partnerships" to reach your career goals, and identifying tools (training and certification programs), to leverage your career advancement. Schedule Your Free Consultation.
(302) 548-0493 View (302) 548-0493
Sandra L. Duemmler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19810  (Online Only)
When you decide to start therapy, one of the most important keys to success is the relationship you form with the therapist. A therapeutic relationship should feel safe and supportive, and you should feel your therapist has empathy and respect. I believe my strengths as a therapist are my ability to quickly form strong, empathic, collaborative relationships and develop an understanding of your unique situation as well as how you view and interact with the world. Most clients find me down-to-earth and very easy to talk with and relate to.
When you decide to start therapy, one of the most important keys to success is the relationship you form with the therapist. A therapeutic relationship should feel safe and supportive, and you should feel your therapist has empathy and respect. I believe my strengths as a therapist are my ability to quickly form strong, empathic, collaborative relationships and develop an understanding of your unique situation as well as how you view and interact with the world. Most clients find me down-to-earth and very easy to talk with and relate to.
(302) 524-0835 View (302) 524-0835
Photo of Marc Weisburg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Marc Weisburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMH, CAADC
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19809
Do you fear the world? Does sadness overwhelm you? Are you anxious all the time and can't sleep at night? Is any of this getting in the way of achieving your dreams? There's a way to achieve a balanced mind and renewed spirit where you can live the life you want. And getting there is just around the corner if you have the right tools and guidance along the way.
Do you fear the world? Does sadness overwhelm you? Are you anxious all the time and can't sleep at night? Is any of this getting in the way of achieving your dreams? There's a way to achieve a balanced mind and renewed spirit where you can live the life you want. And getting there is just around the corner if you have the right tools and guidance along the way.
(302) 401-1560 View (302) 401-1560
Photo of Carrie Stofanak, Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Carrie Stofanak
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LPCMH, ICAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19805  (Online Only)
I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, couples, and families. I also enjoy working with people in recovery. I have spent the majority of my career in the field of addiction counseling. I genuinely believe that as a therapist, my job is to help people become the best version of themselves. People come to therapy to discover new things about themselves. Sometimes it's wonderful, other times it's difficult but, I am not only willing, I am passionate about talking about the things that they have not been able to share with anyone else and getting to witness the growth that comes with facing those demons together.
I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, couples, and families. I also enjoy working with people in recovery. I have spent the majority of my career in the field of addiction counseling. I genuinely believe that as a therapist, my job is to help people become the best version of themselves. People come to therapy to discover new things about themselves. Sometimes it's wonderful, other times it's difficult but, I am not only willing, I am passionate about talking about the things that they have not been able to share with anyone else and getting to witness the growth that comes with facing those demons together.
(302) 405-3678 View (302) 405-3678
Photo of Chelsey M Bayles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Chelsey M Bayles
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMH, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19808  (Online Only)
Accepting clients for Telehealth services only at this time with day and evening availability. As a Licensed Professional Counselor in Delaware and Pennsylvania, my hope is to help each person learn the tools of healing and recovery on their personal journey of wellness. Although it can be anxiety producing to give therapy a try, my goal is to create a safe and positive environment where clients can thrive, grow, and build their toolkit for effective and healthy coping. My hope is that we can work collaboratively to highlight your strengths, and equip you to move forward towards your goals.
Accepting clients for Telehealth services only at this time with day and evening availability. As a Licensed Professional Counselor in Delaware and Pennsylvania, my hope is to help each person learn the tools of healing and recovery on their personal journey of wellness. Although it can be anxiety producing to give therapy a try, my goal is to create a safe and positive environment where clients can thrive, grow, and build their toolkit for effective and healthy coping. My hope is that we can work collaboratively to highlight your strengths, and equip you to move forward towards your goals.
(302) 865-7369 View (302) 865-7369
Photo of Jay Ann Jemail, Psychologist in Wilmington, DE
Jay Ann Jemail
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Wilmington, DE 19807
The therapy process is a confidential relationship based on mutual respect and trust. The needs of the individual, couple, and family are addressed via traditional and alternative approaches. Dr. Jemail values good listening, kindness, a nonjudgmental approach and draws from the wisdom of research, experience, as well as, common sense. The goal is to promote healing, growth and independence. Therapy via Doxy, FaceTime or phone sessions are an option depending on circumstances. She will provide as needed support out of session. You can call or email Dr. Jemail to discuss your specific needs.
The therapy process is a confidential relationship based on mutual respect and trust. The needs of the individual, couple, and family are addressed via traditional and alternative approaches. Dr. Jemail values good listening, kindness, a nonjudgmental approach and draws from the wisdom of research, experience, as well as, common sense. The goal is to promote healing, growth and independence. Therapy via Doxy, FaceTime or phone sessions are an option depending on circumstances. She will provide as needed support out of session. You can call or email Dr. Jemail to discuss your specific needs.
(302) 218-5008 View (302) 218-5008
Photo of Patricia Miripol, Psychologist in Wilmington, DE
Patricia Miripol
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19808  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My approach to therapy is individualized and conversational, aimed at developing a respectful atmosphere in which troubling feelings, thoughts, and actions can be shared, reconsidered, and understood from a new perspective, hopefully with a sense of expanded choice, options, and decisions. Whether and how to change oneself can be explored from a pragmatic, step-by-step framework to a more abstract and emotional level. Usually both emotion and action come into play in any attempt to improve the quality of one's life and depend in part upon a personal connection between my client and myself that encourages effort and hopefulness.
My approach to therapy is individualized and conversational, aimed at developing a respectful atmosphere in which troubling feelings, thoughts, and actions can be shared, reconsidered, and understood from a new perspective, hopefully with a sense of expanded choice, options, and decisions. Whether and how to change oneself can be explored from a pragmatic, step-by-step framework to a more abstract and emotional level. Usually both emotion and action come into play in any attempt to improve the quality of one's life and depend in part upon a personal connection between my client and myself that encourages effort and hopefulness.
(302) 416-5961 View (302) 416-5961
Photo of Lauren Mancini, Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Lauren Mancini
Counselor, LPC, LPCMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19809
Welcome! There are several reasons that you may have come across this site at this time in your life. Often, it is due to recent or prolonged experiences of conflict, stress or psychological suffering that have prompted urges to seek help. The therapy process can be helpful in diverse ways such as gaining new insights or awareness, experimenting with new behaviors/approaches to problems, improving communication, changing your relationship with past upsetting memories and experiences, or learning skills how to cope—however, symptom relief is always the primary goal.
Welcome! There are several reasons that you may have come across this site at this time in your life. Often, it is due to recent or prolonged experiences of conflict, stress or psychological suffering that have prompted urges to seek help. The therapy process can be helpful in diverse ways such as gaining new insights or awareness, experimenting with new behaviors/approaches to problems, improving communication, changing your relationship with past upsetting memories and experiences, or learning skills how to cope—however, symptom relief is always the primary goal.
(302) 251-2968 View (302) 251-2968
Photo of Erica Hurtt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Erica Hurtt
Licensed Professional Counselor, NBCC , LPCMH
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19804  (Online Only)
Life can be filled with twists and turns that can leave feelings of anxiety, pain, guilt and shame. Although the journey towards healing may seem impossible, it is possible! Let's start right where you are and take one step at a time to reach a more manageable you.
Life can be filled with twists and turns that can leave feelings of anxiety, pain, guilt and shame. Although the journey towards healing may seem impossible, it is possible! Let's start right where you are and take one step at a time to reach a more manageable you.
(302) 566-4679 View (302) 566-4679
Photo of Dr. Kathryn Ellis, Occupational Therapist in Wilmington, DE
Dr. Kathryn Ellis
Occupational Therapist, AASECT-, SC, OTD, OTR/L
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19807
Sex Therapy for Better Sex. Get curious, have fun, change your approach, and make difficult conversations easier. Tired of the traditional medical model that looks at issues with sex as something to “fix”? I offer nonjudgemental “come as you are” sex counseling where we don’t try to fix you. You’ll develop different techniques and strategies specifically for you. I specialize in low desire and lack of sexual enjoyment with common factors including postpartum, menopause, erectile dysfunction, cancer, physical disabilities, depression, anxiety, PTSD, veterans health, religious trauma, sexual trauma. Check out my website.
Sex Therapy for Better Sex. Get curious, have fun, change your approach, and make difficult conversations easier. Tired of the traditional medical model that looks at issues with sex as something to “fix”? I offer nonjudgemental “come as you are” sex counseling where we don’t try to fix you. You’ll develop different techniques and strategies specifically for you. I specialize in low desire and lack of sexual enjoyment with common factors including postpartum, menopause, erectile dysfunction, cancer, physical disabilities, depression, anxiety, PTSD, veterans health, religious trauma, sexual trauma. Check out my website.
View
Photo of Elizabeth Buckley, Psychologist in Wilmington, DE
Elizabeth Buckley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19810
Elizabeth earned her Bachelor's of Art degree in Psychology from the University of Delaware and a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (PsyD) From Immaculata University. Elizabeth has experience treating children, adolescents, families, and adults with a range of mental health disorders, including, but not limited to depression, anxiety, ADHD, grief, behavior disorders, personality disorders, and trauma. Elizabeth has received training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
Elizabeth earned her Bachelor's of Art degree in Psychology from the University of Delaware and a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (PsyD) From Immaculata University. Elizabeth has experience treating children, adolescents, families, and adults with a range of mental health disorders, including, but not limited to depression, anxiety, ADHD, grief, behavior disorders, personality disorders, and trauma. Elizabeth has received training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
(302) 599-6643 View (302) 599-6643
Photo of Clearer Perspectives Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Clearer Perspectives Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19808
Working in partnership with the client as an expert on your own lives; and as facilitator of gaining better perspectives and insights into your ability to improve your functionality and quality of life. In addition, I engage in a holistic approach that includes families and other significant partners. I believe that you are capable of wellness and a healthy life!
Working in partnership with the client as an expert on your own lives; and as facilitator of gaining better perspectives and insights into your ability to improve your functionality and quality of life. In addition, I engage in a holistic approach that includes families and other significant partners. I believe that you are capable of wellness and a healthy life!
(302) 207-2535 View (302) 207-2535
Photo of Nicole Sult, Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Nicole Sult
Counselor, LPCMH, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19804
Nicole is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Delaware native who specializes in individual, couples, and family therapy. Nicole believes in a multi disciplinary approach to clinical counseling to optimize positive outcomes, guiding her clients to explore their mental, physical, and spiritual needs. Nicole is classically trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and combines this with a client centered approach. Nicole quickly identifies your goals and collaboratively works with you to figure out how to get you there. A key component to this is to build an authentic and compassionate relationship with her clients.
Nicole is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Delaware native who specializes in individual, couples, and family therapy. Nicole believes in a multi disciplinary approach to clinical counseling to optimize positive outcomes, guiding her clients to explore their mental, physical, and spiritual needs. Nicole is classically trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and combines this with a client centered approach. Nicole quickly identifies your goals and collaboratively works with you to figure out how to get you there. A key component to this is to build an authentic and compassionate relationship with her clients.
(302) 865-7285 View (302) 865-7285
Photo of Dennis J Carradin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Dennis J Carradin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMH, NCC, BCETS
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19808  (Online Only)
Navigating life's challenges can feel like an uphill battle, and I want you to know that you don't have to face it alone. Life can be difficult, and I'm here to offer you the support and guidance you need to overcome those challenges and find your path to success.
Navigating life's challenges can feel like an uphill battle, and I want you to know that you don't have to face it alone. Life can be difficult, and I'm here to offer you the support and guidance you need to overcome those challenges and find your path to success.
(302) 251-8947 View (302) 251-8947
Photo of Delaware Psychological Assessments, Psychologist in Wilmington, DE
Delaware Psychological Assessments
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19803
Closed to psychotherapy clients currently. Still offering psychological evaluations to include: Psycho-educational Evaluations---Forensic Evaluations --Fitness for Duty Evaluations -- Pre-Employment Evaluations --Custody Evaluations --Adult Development Evaluation (e.g., ADHD) --Psychological Clearance for Medical Procedures --Security Clearance and Specialized Military Evaluations --Specialized Psychological Evaluations --Personal Insight-- *Second Opinions
Closed to psychotherapy clients currently. Still offering psychological evaluations to include: Psycho-educational Evaluations---Forensic Evaluations --Fitness for Duty Evaluations -- Pre-Employment Evaluations --Custody Evaluations --Adult Development Evaluation (e.g., ADHD) --Psychological Clearance for Medical Procedures --Security Clearance and Specialized Military Evaluations --Specialized Psychological Evaluations --Personal Insight-- *Second Opinions
(302) 223-3317 View (302) 223-3317
Photo of Carly Alaina Dill, Pre-Licensed Professional in Wilmington, DE
Carly Alaina Dill
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wilmington, DE 19808
Accepting new clients! You're here because you’ve exhausted yourself trying to ‘keep it together’. Whether you are stuck ruminating over the past, or you are anxiously worrying about what lies ahead, I use trauma-informed compassion to help disentangle the confusion. Together we will build a therapeutic alliance that supports you, empowers you, and helps you break free from past patterns; life doesn't have to be about pleasing everyone else and neglecting yourself.
Accepting new clients! You're here because you’ve exhausted yourself trying to ‘keep it together’. Whether you are stuck ruminating over the past, or you are anxiously worrying about what lies ahead, I use trauma-informed compassion to help disentangle the confusion. Together we will build a therapeutic alliance that supports you, empowers you, and helps you break free from past patterns; life doesn't have to be about pleasing everyone else and neglecting yourself.
(302) 343-4205 View (302) 343-4205
Photo of Amanda Carmean, Counselor in Wilmington, DE
Amanda Carmean
Counselor, LPCMH, NCC
Verified Verified
Wilmington, DE 19810
Now accepting new clients- At times in our lives, we all need help. I'm here to make this an easier process. If you are looking to be treated as an individual and not another "patient" or "number", I offer a caring, non-judgmental, open-minded and experienced approach. My aim is to provide counseling that is person-centered, strength based and tailored to your needs. I also offer Performance MasterMindset Coaching to Performers, Athletes & Business Executives and Career Coaching Services.
Now accepting new clients- At times in our lives, we all need help. I'm here to make this an easier process. If you are looking to be treated as an individual and not another "patient" or "number", I offer a caring, non-judgmental, open-minded and experienced approach. My aim is to provide counseling that is person-centered, strength based and tailored to your needs. I also offer Performance MasterMindset Coaching to Performers, Athletes & Business Executives and Career Coaching Services.
(302) 204-2062 View (302) 204-2062

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Wilmington, DE

500+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Wilmington, DE who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
65% Trauma and PTSD
63% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Highmark

How Therapists in Wilmington, DE see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Wilmington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.