Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Rebecca Chadwick, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rebecca Chadwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I help individuals who are feeling anxious, lost, disconnected, overwhelmed, unstable, or alone. These feelings may be related to a specific season of life or could be ways that you’ve felt for a long time. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, developmental trauma, identity exploration, survivors of intimate partner abuse, life transitions, and relationship issues. My approach is compassionate, engaged, and warm.
I help individuals who are feeling anxious, lost, disconnected, overwhelmed, unstable, or alone. These feelings may be related to a specific season of life or could be ways that you’ve felt for a long time. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, developmental trauma, identity exploration, survivors of intimate partner abuse, life transitions, and relationship issues. My approach is compassionate, engaged, and warm.
(628) 444-4877 View (628) 444-4877
Photo of CK Olivieri Blackmore, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
CK Olivieri Blackmore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
CK Olivieri Blackmore is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who approaches life with warmth, compassion, and creativity. CK specializes in relationship dynamics, post-traumatic stress disorders, and developmental life transitions. She is particularly adept at issues pertaining to the queer community and their loved ones. CK utilizes eclectic modalities such as CBT, DBT, EMDR, EFT, Gottman, and IFS to navigate the nuanced needs of her diverse clientele and the associated sexual and gendered concerns that arise. Blending insight-oriented and behavioral change practices, CK works from a quirky and truly innovative lens.
CK Olivieri Blackmore is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who approaches life with warmth, compassion, and creativity. CK specializes in relationship dynamics, post-traumatic stress disorders, and developmental life transitions. She is particularly adept at issues pertaining to the queer community and their loved ones. CK utilizes eclectic modalities such as CBT, DBT, EMDR, EFT, Gottman, and IFS to navigate the nuanced needs of her diverse clientele and the associated sexual and gendered concerns that arise. Blending insight-oriented and behavioral change practices, CK works from a quirky and truly innovative lens.
(518) 269-5458 View (518) 269-5458
Photo of Masha Lisitsa, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Masha Lisitsa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, feeling stuck, burnt-out, or giving more than you are getting in your relationships, these are signs telling you it's time for a change. I work with individuals that want to shift painful patterns such as co-dependency, self-criticism, poor boundaries, or difficulty in intimate relationships. I also work with people who are experiencing transitions such as grief and loss, breakups, and career changes. I am trained in EMDR therapy (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), a highly effective tool for coping with and healing trauma.
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, feeling stuck, burnt-out, or giving more than you are getting in your relationships, these are signs telling you it's time for a change. I work with individuals that want to shift painful patterns such as co-dependency, self-criticism, poor boundaries, or difficulty in intimate relationships. I also work with people who are experiencing transitions such as grief and loss, breakups, and career changes. I am trained in EMDR therapy (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), a highly effective tool for coping with and healing trauma.
(415) 692-7481 View (415) 692-7481
Photo of Jean Choi, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jean Choi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
(415) 687-2868 View (415) 687-2868
Photo of Jeanette Hu, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Jeanette Hu
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
You’re tired of having the same argument over and over again. You started to feel more like roommates than lovers. You find yourself stuck in the same negative cycle. You reach out; they pull away. You ask for a chat; they meet you with silence. Sometimes you both explode; other times, you both retreat into your shells. Both of you end up feeling alone and disconnected. You miss each other desperately but can’t figure out how to break the wall between you. Neither of you can stand the tension any longer - something must change.
You’re tired of having the same argument over and over again. You started to feel more like roommates than lovers. You find yourself stuck in the same negative cycle. You reach out; they pull away. You ask for a chat; they meet you with silence. Sometimes you both explode; other times, you both retreat into your shells. Both of you end up feeling alone and disconnected. You miss each other desperately but can’t figure out how to break the wall between you. Neither of you can stand the tension any longer - something must change.
(415) 909-5732 View (415) 909-5732
Gary J Strach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I help adults with problems around self-esteem, mid and late life issues,sexual orientation, life coaching, codependency, and addiction/substance use.
I help adults with problems around self-esteem, mid and late life issues,sexual orientation, life coaching, codependency, and addiction/substance use.
(628) 203-9276 View (628) 203-9276
Photo of Pink Moon Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pink Moon Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Do you tend to be hard on yourself and feel you're never good enough? Maybe you date the wrong people, stuck in old relational patterns? Or maybe you just feel unfulfilled in your life, lost on your path. Surely you’d love to feel in alignment with your life direction, owning your worth, loved by healthy humans, all while being your own best friend. As a licensed Astrotherapist, I support you in finding that life. Together we’ll explore present challenges in your life, while diving into your birth chart and identifying your unique energies in this lifetime.
Do you tend to be hard on yourself and feel you're never good enough? Maybe you date the wrong people, stuck in old relational patterns? Or maybe you just feel unfulfilled in your life, lost on your path. Surely you’d love to feel in alignment with your life direction, owning your worth, loved by healthy humans, all while being your own best friend. As a licensed Astrotherapist, I support you in finding that life. Together we’ll explore present challenges in your life, while diving into your birth chart and identifying your unique energies in this lifetime.
(415) 729-2871 View (415) 729-2871
Amanda L Cotten
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94133
I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and psychoanalysis in order to help you get from where you are to where you want to be. CBT can be a concrete road map for daily activities and psychoanalysis will help you gain the insight into yourself and find the deep strength that will give you resiliency for everything that comes your way."
I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and psychoanalysis in order to help you get from where you are to where you want to be. CBT can be a concrete road map for daily activities and psychoanalysis will help you gain the insight into yourself and find the deep strength that will give you resiliency for everything that comes your way."
(628) 277-4577 View (628) 277-4577
Photo of Traci Freeman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Traci Freeman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
You don't have to be in crisis for therapy, it's good just to have someone to talk with. I believe Psychotherapy can be a “point in the right direction” to bring change, healing, and a new sense of hope into your life. This is a place you can talk about anything, where you can explore fears, frustrations, hopes and all the parts of yourself. I am a deep and attentive listener, as well as interactive. One of my goals is to give you my "toolbox" so you can manage life outside the office. My niche is couples therapy, relationship issues, family systems, communication and individuals who want to reach their potential.
You don't have to be in crisis for therapy, it's good just to have someone to talk with. I believe Psychotherapy can be a “point in the right direction” to bring change, healing, and a new sense of hope into your life. This is a place you can talk about anything, where you can explore fears, frustrations, hopes and all the parts of yourself. I am a deep and attentive listener, as well as interactive. One of my goals is to give you my "toolbox" so you can manage life outside the office. My niche is couples therapy, relationship issues, family systems, communication and individuals who want to reach their potential.
(415) 906-3264 View (415) 906-3264
Photo of Jean Riney-Niewiadomski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jean Riney-Niewiadomski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist with 20+ years of experience working with children, adolescents, families and individuals. I use evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to work with you and your family. My approach to my work with clients is warm, engaging and authentic.
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist with 20+ years of experience working with children, adolescents, families and individuals. I use evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to work with you and your family. My approach to my work with clients is warm, engaging and authentic.
(415) 449-7404 View (415) 449-7404
Photo of Alina Liu, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Alina Liu
Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
Are you burned out from "imposter syndrome" at work, stuck in an unfulfilling relationship, or feeling perpetually disconnected and isolated? Living inauthentically can feel exhausting. I work with individuals and couples to provide a range of therapy services from short-term evidence-based treatment for anxiety/depression to long-term relational work. Mental health is about having choices; in our first session, I am excited to get to know you and walk you through the process of therapy. My goal is to help you release painful emotions, reflect on patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and reconnect with a deeper sense of inner freedom.
Are you burned out from "imposter syndrome" at work, stuck in an unfulfilling relationship, or feeling perpetually disconnected and isolated? Living inauthentically can feel exhausting. I work with individuals and couples to provide a range of therapy services from short-term evidence-based treatment for anxiety/depression to long-term relational work. Mental health is about having choices; in our first session, I am excited to get to know you and walk you through the process of therapy. My goal is to help you release painful emotions, reflect on patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and reconnect with a deeper sense of inner freedom.
(415) 639-5225 View (415) 639-5225
Photo of Harmony Mandela Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Harmony Mandela Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94121
Now offering services for Teens, couples and individuals. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery. In our sessions we find old patterns that do not serve you and new growth that will offer new patterns to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I will use many methods with you exploring emotions, thoughts, body sensations and behavior. I work collaboratively with you to set goals and treatment that is personal to your needs and situation in a non-judgmental environment.
Now offering services for Teens, couples and individuals. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery. In our sessions we find old patterns that do not serve you and new growth that will offer new patterns to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I will use many methods with you exploring emotions, thoughts, body sensations and behavior. I work collaboratively with you to set goals and treatment that is personal to your needs and situation in a non-judgmental environment.
(628) 258-6948 View (628) 258-6948
Photo of Alex Oliver-Gans, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alex Oliver-Gans
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Anxiety can leave you feeling paralyzed, trapped in a constant battle against your own mind. You may feel pressure to project a strong facade but deep down you're struggling with nagging self-doubt, persistent worries, and an overwhelming sense of emotional turmoil. The pressure to appear confident and in control at all times is exhausting - you just want to feel at ease in your own skin again. As a therapist who specializes in supporting men through anxiety, I understand how isolating and debilitating this experience can be.
Anxiety can leave you feeling paralyzed, trapped in a constant battle against your own mind. You may feel pressure to project a strong facade but deep down you're struggling with nagging self-doubt, persistent worries, and an overwhelming sense of emotional turmoil. The pressure to appear confident and in control at all times is exhausting - you just want to feel at ease in your own skin again. As a therapist who specializes in supporting men through anxiety, I understand how isolating and debilitating this experience can be.
(415) 594-4633 View (415) 594-4633
Photo of Hawlan Ng, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Hawlan Ng
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you are struggling with unbearable feelings, loneliness, identity issues, shame, guilt, and/or relationship difficulties, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore yourself in relation to your world. My approach rests on the belief that our ways of understanding and coping with the present may be limited by our previous experiences. By working together, we find new expanded ways to help you understand and cope more effectively.
If you are struggling with unbearable feelings, loneliness, identity issues, shame, guilt, and/or relationship difficulties, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore yourself in relation to your world. My approach rests on the belief that our ways of understanding and coping with the present may be limited by our previous experiences. By working together, we find new expanded ways to help you understand and cope more effectively.
(415) 965-3587 View (415) 965-3587
Photo of Gina Nobuko Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gina Nobuko Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Moving towards the life you desire involves the cultivation of self-acceptance, curiosity, and renewal. The gradual unfolding of what you explore, allows you to become more familiar with resolving your concerns. This inquiry of exploration deepens the gradual awakening of finding, and following your inner wisdom, inviting conscious change in your life. You may be dealing with difficulties which are preventing you from achieving your goals. Sometimes, overwhelming emotions, challenging situations, or unexpected transitions leave you feeling in need of extra support.
Moving towards the life you desire involves the cultivation of self-acceptance, curiosity, and renewal. The gradual unfolding of what you explore, allows you to become more familiar with resolving your concerns. This inquiry of exploration deepens the gradual awakening of finding, and following your inner wisdom, inviting conscious change in your life. You may be dealing with difficulties which are preventing you from achieving your goals. Sometimes, overwhelming emotions, challenging situations, or unexpected transitions leave you feeling in need of extra support.
(415) 522-0707 View (415) 522-0707
Photo of Elise Yoshida, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Elise Yoshida
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
Life is so stressful, that anxiety can feel like a constant companion highlighting worry after worry. I can help you see life and yourself differently by teaching you skills that are supported by research. My specialty is helping people address their anxiety symptoms, cope with stress, and change their relationship to worry by using evidence-based practices (CBT, DBT, ACT, and mindfulness). I strive to create a supportive therapeutic relationship with my genuine, compassionate, and culturally responsive style. Together, we will work as a team to reach your goals so that you feel empowered to take on stressors.
Life is so stressful, that anxiety can feel like a constant companion highlighting worry after worry. I can help you see life and yourself differently by teaching you skills that are supported by research. My specialty is helping people address their anxiety symptoms, cope with stress, and change their relationship to worry by using evidence-based practices (CBT, DBT, ACT, and mindfulness). I strive to create a supportive therapeutic relationship with my genuine, compassionate, and culturally responsive style. Together, we will work as a team to reach your goals so that you feel empowered to take on stressors.
(562) 451-8470 View (562) 451-8470
Photo of Rob Ashe, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rob Ashe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
In your search for a therapist, you are taking an important step to explore ways to create a shift in developing healthier patterns in your life.It is my role to support you in this important process. Untangling the seeming complexity of how we perceive our experiences is a crucial element in my practice. Each one of us embodies profound gifts that are typically suppressed primarily due to years of unhealthy patterns. Our sessions are an exploration to quiet emotional discomfort and establish healthier patterns that feel authentic and sustaining.
In your search for a therapist, you are taking an important step to explore ways to create a shift in developing healthier patterns in your life.It is my role to support you in this important process. Untangling the seeming complexity of how we perceive our experiences is a crucial element in my practice. Each one of us embodies profound gifts that are typically suppressed primarily due to years of unhealthy patterns. Our sessions are an exploration to quiet emotional discomfort and establish healthier patterns that feel authentic and sustaining.
(628) 222-2779 View (628) 222-2779
Photo of Christina Chick, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Christina Chick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a licensed clinical psychologist. My guiding principle is that every one of my clients deserves to experience joy, meaning, connection and fulfillment. Depression, anxiety, trauma and challenging interpersonal dynamics can obscure and frustrate this pursuit. As a therapist, I partner with each of my clients to manage these obstacles and help them experience the fulfilling lives that they deserve. I am also a clinical supervisor of new therapists, so I have lots of experience and training to draw on.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist. My guiding principle is that every one of my clients deserves to experience joy, meaning, connection and fulfillment. Depression, anxiety, trauma and challenging interpersonal dynamics can obscure and frustrate this pursuit. As a therapist, I partner with each of my clients to manage these obstacles and help them experience the fulfilling lives that they deserve. I am also a clinical supervisor of new therapists, so I have lots of experience and training to draw on.
(650) 203-2376 View (650) 203-2376
Photo of Maria Burch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Maria Burch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Are anxiety (constant worry), depression, and imposter syndrome getting in the way of having clarity, peace of mind, and a sense of direction? As you go through life transitions such as the birth of a child, experienced a miscarriage, have marital stress, work stress and/or relationship concerns (friend and/or family), imposter syndrome, and social anxiety — it is essential to have someone who can provide you with solid and impartial support. I’m a warm, interactive, directive and solution focused therapist. My mission is to provide you with life-changing & actionable tools to help you move forward.
Are anxiety (constant worry), depression, and imposter syndrome getting in the way of having clarity, peace of mind, and a sense of direction? As you go through life transitions such as the birth of a child, experienced a miscarriage, have marital stress, work stress and/or relationship concerns (friend and/or family), imposter syndrome, and social anxiety — it is essential to have someone who can provide you with solid and impartial support. I’m a warm, interactive, directive and solution focused therapist. My mission is to provide you with life-changing & actionable tools to help you move forward.
(415) 799-1379 View (415) 799-1379
Photo of Sheena Craig, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sheena Craig
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I currently work with adult and adolescent individuals and couples. The issues I deal with include depression and dysthymia, panic attacks, stress, generalized anxiety disorder, gender identity disorder, obsessions and compulsions, childhood sexual trauma, childhood physical abuse, grief and loss, relationship difficulties, communication conflict, commitment, intimacy, sexual difficulties, insecurity, trust, infidelity and social phobia.
I currently work with adult and adolescent individuals and couples. The issues I deal with include depression and dysthymia, panic attacks, stress, generalized anxiety disorder, gender identity disorder, obsessions and compulsions, childhood sexual trauma, childhood physical abuse, grief and loss, relationship difficulties, communication conflict, commitment, intimacy, sexual difficulties, insecurity, trust, infidelity and social phobia.
(415) 858-6152 View (415) 858-6152

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.