Therapists in Lansing, MI

Photo of Moriah McCloy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lansing, MI
Moriah McCloy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48933
Grab a cup of coffee/tea and let’s talk! My goal is to create a safe and relaxing environment where you can be yourself. I do not believe that therapy must always be a stiff uncomfortable process. I am here to help you achieve your solutions and the life changes you are looking for while enjoying yourself and the process as much as possible. Asking for help is hard, but I hope you take a moment (and a deep refreshing breath) to call or email me to see how I can help you.
Grab a cup of coffee/tea and let’s talk! My goal is to create a safe and relaxing environment where you can be yourself. I do not believe that therapy must always be a stiff uncomfortable process. I am here to help you achieve your solutions and the life changes you are looking for while enjoying yourself and the process as much as possible. Asking for help is hard, but I hope you take a moment (and a deep refreshing breath) to call or email me to see how I can help you.
(517) 797-1902 View (517) 797-1902
Gilbert W Schmidt
Psychologist, PhD, Lic, Psy
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
I have been a psychologist in practice for over 30 years. I work in a collaborative style with clients. I am active in that I ask questions, make specific suggestions or assignments and may suggest monitoring moods or behavior. Although I am eclectic in that I will use whatever therapeutic approaches will be most effective in helping clients reach their goals, I primarily work from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is best for helping change negative thought patterns and beliefs that underlie problem moods and behaviors. It is focused on the here and now and has been found effective with many problems.
I have been a psychologist in practice for over 30 years. I work in a collaborative style with clients. I am active in that I ask questions, make specific suggestions or assignments and may suggest monitoring moods or behavior. Although I am eclectic in that I will use whatever therapeutic approaches will be most effective in helping clients reach their goals, I primarily work from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is best for helping change negative thought patterns and beliefs that underlie problem moods and behaviors. It is focused on the here and now and has been found effective with many problems.
(517) 798-8094 View (517) 798-8094
Photo of Lisa Delapp-Theis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Lisa Delapp-Theis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48910
Every person has unique needs. Sometimes, it is helpful to have someone to solely listen, and help you manage life's stressors. It is important to assist you in developing coping strategies and techniques to help you in your daily life. I work with teenagers, college students, adults, and couples. I am specifically trained in DBT- Dialectical Behavioral Treatment but also have years of training in Strength Based Training, Solution Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Training, Anger Management, and Parenting Skills Training. I look forward to meeting you.
Every person has unique needs. Sometimes, it is helpful to have someone to solely listen, and help you manage life's stressors. It is important to assist you in developing coping strategies and techniques to help you in your daily life. I work with teenagers, college students, adults, and couples. I am specifically trained in DBT- Dialectical Behavioral Treatment but also have years of training in Strength Based Training, Solution Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Training, Anger Management, and Parenting Skills Training. I look forward to meeting you.
(517) 435-3129 View (517) 435-3129
Photo of Courtney Little, Counselor in Lansing, MI
Courtney Little
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48908
Waitlist for new clients
You may be feeling overwhelmed by a recent turn of events--the death of a loved one, a bad break-up, becoming a parent, changing careers. Or perhaps you're struggling with more longstanding issues (low self-esteem, for instance) that you've tried to resolve on your own. We face so many pressures about who we should be and how we should live our lives. Sometimes we end up hiding parts of ourselves or conforming to belong. And we lose touch with who we truly are and what makes us feel alive. This disconnection to our truth can lead to feeling not good enough, lonely, depressed and anxious. Imagine feeling whole and accepted..
You may be feeling overwhelmed by a recent turn of events--the death of a loved one, a bad break-up, becoming a parent, changing careers. Or perhaps you're struggling with more longstanding issues (low self-esteem, for instance) that you've tried to resolve on your own. We face so many pressures about who we should be and how we should live our lives. Sometimes we end up hiding parts of ourselves or conforming to belong. And we lose touch with who we truly are and what makes us feel alive. This disconnection to our truth can lead to feeling not good enough, lonely, depressed and anxious. Imagine feeling whole and accepted..
(517) 200-3643 View (517) 200-3643
Photo of Lauren Holloway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Lauren Holloway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
My mission is to provide effective support as you navigate your way to better mental and physical health. I offer this support with a humanistic lens, attuned to your unique needs and personality. It is constructed on evidenced-based practice with a body-mind-spirit approach and pulls from each person’s innate strengths and abilities. Together we can work toward growth, healing, and wellness.
My mission is to provide effective support as you navigate your way to better mental and physical health. I offer this support with a humanistic lens, attuned to your unique needs and personality. It is constructed on evidenced-based practice with a body-mind-spirit approach and pulls from each person’s innate strengths and abilities. Together we can work toward growth, healing, and wellness.
(906) 284-8357 View (906) 284-8357
Photo of Danielle Thornes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Danielle Thornes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
Being a highly sensitive person, struggling with self-esteem and feeling overwhelmed can be draining. Maybe you are struggling with anxiety or negative thoughts about yourself and are feeling ready for therapy. Turning to family and friends can be great, but therapy is a place where the focus is all on you. Reaching out for help is courageous and caring towards yourself. To find clarity, it helps to have someone truly listen to you. When you are heard, you find what it is you value and need. Having support in therapy can lead you towards empowerment and confidence.
Being a highly sensitive person, struggling with self-esteem and feeling overwhelmed can be draining. Maybe you are struggling with anxiety or negative thoughts about yourself and are feeling ready for therapy. Turning to family and friends can be great, but therapy is a place where the focus is all on you. Reaching out for help is courageous and caring towards yourself. To find clarity, it helps to have someone truly listen to you. When you are heard, you find what it is you value and need. Having support in therapy can lead you towards empowerment and confidence.
(517) 300-7851 View (517) 300-7851
Photo of Shirley L. Neal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lansing, MI
Shirley L. Neal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48906
There are times in our lives when problems can feel overwhelming, painful, and difficult to face alone. Relying on friends and family may not be a viable option. During our sessions, you can expect me to hear and understand your experiences & provide a safe place for you to express your thoughts, feelings, & behaviors that arise in and outside of therapy. If needed, you can also expect me to work with you on current issues as related to your past issues. Whether it's a challenging situation, or a change in life direction, I look forward to establishing a helpful, collaborative relationship with you to achieve your therapy goals.
There are times in our lives when problems can feel overwhelming, painful, and difficult to face alone. Relying on friends and family may not be a viable option. During our sessions, you can expect me to hear and understand your experiences & provide a safe place for you to express your thoughts, feelings, & behaviors that arise in and outside of therapy. If needed, you can also expect me to work with you on current issues as related to your past issues. Whether it's a challenging situation, or a change in life direction, I look forward to establishing a helpful, collaborative relationship with you to achieve your therapy goals.
(517) 459-9404 View (517) 459-9404
Photo of Chris Jurasek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Chris Jurasek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48915  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with people who come to therapy at any stage. Maybe this is your first time ever trying therapy and you just need a space to build a foundation and have a supportive person in your corner. You might be struggling to manage stress or symptoms associated with mental health. I am here to help create a path forward for you to overcome obstacles and see the success you want in your life.
I enjoy working with people who come to therapy at any stage. Maybe this is your first time ever trying therapy and you just need a space to build a foundation and have a supportive person in your corner. You might be struggling to manage stress or symptoms associated with mental health. I am here to help create a path forward for you to overcome obstacles and see the success you want in your life.
(517) 604-5063 View (517) 604-5063
Photo of Playful Hearts Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lansing, MI
Playful Hearts Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911
As a Therapist, my goal is to work with Children, Adolescents and Adults. I use a variety of therapeutic modalities and apply research based techniques.My counseling philosophy can best be described as Eclectic. I work on awareness, relationship and integration to encourage personal growth and wholeness. The goals and techniques used in therapy will be based on the individual needs of the client. With a Eclectic approach, I draw from a variety of techniques such as Child- Centered Play Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Mindfulness, Hypnotherapy, Auricular Acupuncture and Solution Focused Principles.
As a Therapist, my goal is to work with Children, Adolescents and Adults. I use a variety of therapeutic modalities and apply research based techniques.My counseling philosophy can best be described as Eclectic. I work on awareness, relationship and integration to encourage personal growth and wholeness. The goals and techniques used in therapy will be based on the individual needs of the client. With a Eclectic approach, I draw from a variety of techniques such as Child- Centered Play Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Mindfulness, Hypnotherapy, Auricular Acupuncture and Solution Focused Principles.
(517) 618-0310 View (517) 618-0310
Photo of Stephanie Rudlaff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Stephanie Rudlaff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48910
I am very excited to start working with you towards building a life worth living! Together we can identify skills and coping strategies to help you in daily living. I have many years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I am specifically trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I also have training in Strength Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Anger Management, and Parenting Skills. I have experience working with individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, and the effects of trauma.
I am very excited to start working with you towards building a life worth living! Together we can identify skills and coping strategies to help you in daily living. I have many years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I am specifically trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I also have training in Strength Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Anger Management, and Parenting Skills. I have experience working with individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, and the effects of trauma.
(517) 684-2562 View (517) 684-2562
Photo of Stephanie Gogarn, Counselor in Lansing, MI
Stephanie Gogarn
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48910
I am trained in individual, group and family counseling. I am equipped to serve any population but have expertise with adults that present with substance abuse and addiction; elderly population as well as children and families. I am certified as an Acudetox Specialist through the National Acudetox Association. This skill set is a technique that can offer non medicinal services to clients that may need immediate results to assist with substance abuse; detox, and clients that identify with behavioral or traumatic experiences.
I am trained in individual, group and family counseling. I am equipped to serve any population but have expertise with adults that present with substance abuse and addiction; elderly population as well as children and families. I am certified as an Acudetox Specialist through the National Acudetox Association. This skill set is a technique that can offer non medicinal services to clients that may need immediate results to assist with substance abuse; detox, and clients that identify with behavioral or traumatic experiences.
(517) 292-3774 View (517) 292-3774
Photo of Lynnette LaBrecque, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Lynnette LaBrecque
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48933  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker with 21 years of experience as a mental health therapist. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where you can feel heard, validated and empowered.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with 21 years of experience as a mental health therapist. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where you can feel heard, validated and empowered.
(517) 201-0238 View (517) 201-0238
Photo of Sarah Savage, Counselor in Lansing, MI
Sarah Savage
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48912
I became a therapist because I believe in the power of healing and growth through our personal stories in a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. As a therapist, it is my goal to create a space where I can provide a compassionate and empathetic listening ear while my client navigates through their personal story. I believe that people are experts in their life and each person has their own strengths we can use to implement new strategies for change and growth. Everyone experiences stress, overwhelming emotions, and various forms of trauma throughout life.
I became a therapist because I believe in the power of healing and growth through our personal stories in a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. As a therapist, it is my goal to create a space where I can provide a compassionate and empathetic listening ear while my client navigates through their personal story. I believe that people are experts in their life and each person has their own strengths we can use to implement new strategies for change and growth. Everyone experiences stress, overwhelming emotions, and various forms of trauma throughout life.
(517) 994-1683 View (517) 994-1683
Photo of Manar L Aboul-Nour, Counselor in Lansing, MI
Manar L Aboul-Nour
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48912  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I'm deeply committed to assisting individuals and families in navigating life's complexities. With expertise in working with diverse groups, I customize my approach to suit each client's specific requirements. My philosophy centers on the idea that every individual's journey is unique, necessitating a tailored therapeutic approach. I draw from a diverse range of therapeutic models to create a safe and supportive environment. My goal is to find the most effective therapeutic modality for each client, ensuring that they receive the support and guidance they need to overcome challenges and achieve their goals.
As a therapist, I'm deeply committed to assisting individuals and families in navigating life's complexities. With expertise in working with diverse groups, I customize my approach to suit each client's specific requirements. My philosophy centers on the idea that every individual's journey is unique, necessitating a tailored therapeutic approach. I draw from a diverse range of therapeutic models to create a safe and supportive environment. My goal is to find the most effective therapeutic modality for each client, ensuring that they receive the support and guidance they need to overcome challenges and achieve their goals.
(517) 300-7834 View (517) 300-7834
Photo of Katrina Dennings, Counselor in Lansing, MI
Katrina Dennings
Counselor, LLPC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48933
Making a choice to seek help can be difficult and takes strength. This is an important step in your journey to healing your mind, body, soul. I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor who has experience working with people of all walks of life and diverse backgrounds. Everyone deserves to feel safe, understood, and heard. I am passionate in creating an environment where you feel safe, understood, and free to explore all parts of your self- no matter how messy.
Making a choice to seek help can be difficult and takes strength. This is an important step in your journey to healing your mind, body, soul. I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor who has experience working with people of all walks of life and diverse backgrounds. Everyone deserves to feel safe, understood, and heard. I am passionate in creating an environment where you feel safe, understood, and free to explore all parts of your self- no matter how messy.
(517) 888-0016 View (517) 888-0016
Photo of Amy Kapp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Amy Kapp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
I have over a decade of experience working with children and their families. Much of that work has been with children who have confusing and/or challenging behaviors, as well as children who are neurodiverse. I am passionate about meeting the unique needs of children who have experienced trauma, as well as the caregivers who are helping them heal. It can be isolating to be a parent of a child with baffling behaviors and/or neurodiversity and you need a place you can come to be accepted as you are.
I have over a decade of experience working with children and their families. Much of that work has been with children who have confusing and/or challenging behaviors, as well as children who are neurodiverse. I am passionate about meeting the unique needs of children who have experienced trauma, as well as the caregivers who are helping them heal. It can be isolating to be a parent of a child with baffling behaviors and/or neurodiversity and you need a place you can come to be accepted as you are.
(517) 955-3250 View (517) 955-3250
Photo of Elevate Counseling and Community Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Elevate Counseling and Community Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911
Elevate Counseling is an Outpatient Private Practice located in Lansing, MI. We offer telehealth to individuals, families, and couples in Michigan and in-person sessions in South Lansing. We have a client-centered and strength-based theoretical orientation, meaning when you work with a therapist at Elevate Counseling, we seek to help you identify appropriate treatment goals and reach them based on the strengths you possess. Elevate Counseling values creating an environment of compassion and acceptance for individuals of all walks of life.
Elevate Counseling is an Outpatient Private Practice located in Lansing, MI. We offer telehealth to individuals, families, and couples in Michigan and in-person sessions in South Lansing. We have a client-centered and strength-based theoretical orientation, meaning when you work with a therapist at Elevate Counseling, we seek to help you identify appropriate treatment goals and reach them based on the strengths you possess. Elevate Counseling values creating an environment of compassion and acceptance for individuals of all walks of life.
(517) 258-8343 View (517) 258-8343
Photo of Tracey Darling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lansing, MI
Tracey Darling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
Tracey Darling is a Licensed Master Social Worker in Michigan with 10 years of experience. She has a Master of Social Work from Michigan State University. Tracey believes in providing an atmosphere of unconditional acceptance, support, and encouragement. She combines her clinical skills along with her natural curiosity to collaborate with her clients and help them make deeper connections with themselves so they can lead fabulous and fulfilling lives. In her spare time, Tracey enjoys running, reading, tinkering around her house, learning to make art, and spending time outside.
Tracey Darling is a Licensed Master Social Worker in Michigan with 10 years of experience. She has a Master of Social Work from Michigan State University. Tracey believes in providing an atmosphere of unconditional acceptance, support, and encouragement. She combines her clinical skills along with her natural curiosity to collaborate with her clients and help them make deeper connections with themselves so they can lead fabulous and fulfilling lives. In her spare time, Tracey enjoys running, reading, tinkering around her house, learning to make art, and spending time outside.
(517) 901-1290 View (517) 901-1290
Photo of Nicole Vasher in Lansing, MI
Nicole Vasher
NP
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
Doctor of Nursing Practice with Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner specialty from Rush University Chicago, Illinois; experience in many capacities, including inpatient, outpatient, urgent care and emergency department psychiatric triage, assertive community treatment program, substance use disorders clinic, psychosocial rehabilitation, and neuromodulation clinic.
Doctor of Nursing Practice with Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner specialty from Rush University Chicago, Illinois; experience in many capacities, including inpatient, outpatient, urgent care and emergency department psychiatric triage, assertive community treatment program, substance use disorders clinic, psychosocial rehabilitation, and neuromodulation clinic.
(517) 684-3131 View (517) 684-3131
Photo of Terri Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist in Lansing, MI
Terri Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
Terri Rose is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Nova Southeastern University with a Master of Science in Family Therapy. Terri believes in a systemic approach when considering many issues clients face. Whether she is working with individuals, couples, or families, Terri focuses on the interactions and relationships within each individuals' unique systems, including family, society, culture, etc. Her main areas of focus include relationship issues, anxiety, and self-esteem.
Terri Rose is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Nova Southeastern University with a Master of Science in Family Therapy. Terri believes in a systemic approach when considering many issues clients face. Whether she is working with individuals, couples, or families, Terri focuses on the interactions and relationships within each individuals' unique systems, including family, society, culture, etc. Her main areas of focus include relationship issues, anxiety, and self-esteem.
(517) 995-8033 View (517) 995-8033

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lansing, MI

400+

Average cost per session

$147

Therapists in Lansing, MI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% McLaren
57% Aetna

How Therapists in Lansing, MI see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lansing?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.