Therapists in Omaha, NE

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Photo of Jack Dross, LMHP, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Jack Dross, LMHP
Counselor, LMHP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68124
Is your child or teen getting on your last nerve? Are they defiant, angry, sad or withdrawn? Changes in the family structure, through a breakup, divorce, or death of a family member, often create confusion and unexpressed feelings in kids. Financial worries, relocating, peer pressure, violence, and other stressors at school and in the neighborhood, can lead to behavioral problems. Your child might have stopped opening up to you because they didn't want to worry you, or fear they'd be in trouble. I understand. I specialize in helping school-age children, teens, and their parents through challenging times.
Is your child or teen getting on your last nerve? Are they defiant, angry, sad or withdrawn? Changes in the family structure, through a breakup, divorce, or death of a family member, often create confusion and unexpressed feelings in kids. Financial worries, relocating, peer pressure, violence, and other stressors at school and in the neighborhood, can lead to behavioral problems. Your child might have stopped opening up to you because they didn't want to worry you, or fear they'd be in trouble. I understand. I specialize in helping school-age children, teens, and their parents through challenging times.
(402) 881-0973 View (402) 881-0973
Photo of AM Counseling & Consulting, Counselor in Omaha, NE
AM Counseling & Consulting
Counselor, LICSW, LIMHP, LADC
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68105
Many of us did not grow up knowing that it was important - and okay - to take care of our mental health. We heard talking about going to the doctor when you are sick, but nothing about seeking counseling - therapy - when our thoughts, feelings, or behaviors aren't well. But seeing a therapist is just as important and normal as visiting your doctor. Our minds and bodies are one, endlessly affecting one another both positively and negatively. If we are unwell physically, then our mental health can suffer AND vise versa.
Many of us did not grow up knowing that it was important - and okay - to take care of our mental health. We heard talking about going to the doctor when you are sick, but nothing about seeking counseling - therapy - when our thoughts, feelings, or behaviors aren't well. But seeing a therapist is just as important and normal as visiting your doctor. Our minds and bodies are one, endlessly affecting one another both positively and negatively. If we are unwell physically, then our mental health can suffer AND vise versa.
(402) 542-5820 View (402) 542-5820
Photo of Heather Clover, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Heather Clover
Counselor, MS, LIMHP, LADC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68164
Whichever path you are on in your life, you may have the desire to make positive changes but struggle to know how. I strive to use a holistic, individualized approach to help you discover ways to find resolutions within your life. I believe each individual has the power within themselves to heal and develop positive changes. You deserve to heal, to be heard, and understood. I understand the importance of finding a therapist that is a right fit for you and how important building a positive rapport is for the therapeutic process.
Whichever path you are on in your life, you may have the desire to make positive changes but struggle to know how. I strive to use a holistic, individualized approach to help you discover ways to find resolutions within your life. I believe each individual has the power within themselves to heal and develop positive changes. You deserve to heal, to be heard, and understood. I understand the importance of finding a therapist that is a right fit for you and how important building a positive rapport is for the therapeutic process.
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Photo of Haley Devney, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Haley Devney
Counselor, MS, PLMHP, PLADC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68106  (Online Only)
Is the stress of life bringing you down? Do you feel like your best just isn't good enough? Are the challenges you are facing becoming too difficult to manage? Here at Healthy Rabbit Counseling, I provide a safe space for people just like you to come and talk about these challenges.
Is the stress of life bringing you down? Do you feel like your best just isn't good enough? Are the challenges you are facing becoming too difficult to manage? Here at Healthy Rabbit Counseling, I provide a safe space for people just like you to come and talk about these challenges.
(402) 791-6996 View (402) 791-6996
Photo of Adrian Martin, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Adrian Martin
Counselor, MS, LIMFT
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68130
Are you looking to get help with your relationship or get relief from your own personal distress? I specialize in working with couples on their relationship issues and take a differentiation based approach to helping individuals and couples resolve their conflict, increase their intimacy and work towards reaching their full potential. I offer intensive couples therapy, using multiple-hour sessions, including half-day (3 hour) intensives and a multiple-day approach which is particularly aimed at couples who wish to travel to the Omaha area. Please visit my website: www.OmahaCouplesClinic.com for more information.
Are you looking to get help with your relationship or get relief from your own personal distress? I specialize in working with couples on their relationship issues and take a differentiation based approach to helping individuals and couples resolve their conflict, increase their intimacy and work towards reaching their full potential. I offer intensive couples therapy, using multiple-hour sessions, including half-day (3 hour) intensives and a multiple-day approach which is particularly aimed at couples who wish to travel to the Omaha area. Please visit my website: www.OmahaCouplesClinic.com for more information.
(402) 577-0727 View (402) 577-0727
Photo of Michael Harsh, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Michael Harsh
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68144
I have specialized training and have emphasized in my practice the work of resolving the impact of traumatic experiences--helping individuals to break free of the past and move forward in their lives with greater functionality. Couples and adults also seek counseling from me to more effectively handle life and relationships. My qualifications to counsel include: state licensure, board certification, and a masters degree in counseling. In addition, an undergraduate degree in philosophy and a second masters degree in spiritual development allow me a foundational understanding to address core-value issues.
I have specialized training and have emphasized in my practice the work of resolving the impact of traumatic experiences--helping individuals to break free of the past and move forward in their lives with greater functionality. Couples and adults also seek counseling from me to more effectively handle life and relationships. My qualifications to counsel include: state licensure, board certification, and a masters degree in counseling. In addition, an undergraduate degree in philosophy and a second masters degree in spiritual development allow me a foundational understanding to address core-value issues.
(402) 261-7020 x101 View (402) 261-7020 x101
Photo of Roshawna (Rose) Jackson, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Roshawna (Rose) Jackson
Counselor, MS, PLMHP, PLADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68105  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients Now...........The answer is YES, it's your time. You have landed on this page with the thought, "I need to change my life." When are are at the end of our rope, there are professionals like me that provide confidential and solution focused care to help you get back on track. Whether it is addiction, stress, anger, depression or anxiety I am here for you. If you are wondering if therapy is right for you, give me a call to discuss this more. I am excited that you are making changes toward a better you. One moment at a time, with self-grace and consistency you will get there. Let's get started.
Accepting New Clients Now...........The answer is YES, it's your time. You have landed on this page with the thought, "I need to change my life." When are are at the end of our rope, there are professionals like me that provide confidential and solution focused care to help you get back on track. Whether it is addiction, stress, anger, depression or anxiety I am here for you. If you are wondering if therapy is right for you, give me a call to discuss this more. I am excited that you are making changes toward a better you. One moment at a time, with self-grace and consistency you will get there. Let's get started.
(402) 279-4285 x4 View (402) 279-4285 x4
Photo of Sherlonda Rush, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Sherlonda Rush
Counselor, LIMHP, LMHP, LPC
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68144
Would you like to become a BETTER YOU? If you are wanting to improve in any areas of your life whether it be relationships, trauma, depression, anxiety, you name it. You should be able to have someone there to support and understand you. I will be there with you along the way even when it becomes difficult. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, and anyone going through life transitions or those who are having difficulty with anything in life. I have case management history, residential, and working with schools.
Would you like to become a BETTER YOU? If you are wanting to improve in any areas of your life whether it be relationships, trauma, depression, anxiety, you name it. You should be able to have someone there to support and understand you. I will be there with you along the way even when it becomes difficult. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, and anyone going through life transitions or those who are having difficulty with anything in life. I have case management history, residential, and working with schools.
(402) 227-3571 View (402) 227-3571
Photo of Jennifer Franco, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Jennifer Franco
Counselor, MS, PLMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68124
Life can have both unexpected and expected challenges. It is important for you to be able to find an individual with whom you connect, and that can assist you on your journey. I often like to think, that everyone is the author of their own story. Depending upon your previous and current experiences, your outlook may vary on what is in your control and what is not. I am here to tell you, that you can change the narrative in your story for your next chapter to feel rewarding and for it to be different.
Life can have both unexpected and expected challenges. It is important for you to be able to find an individual with whom you connect, and that can assist you on your journey. I often like to think, that everyone is the author of their own story. Depending upon your previous and current experiences, your outlook may vary on what is in your control and what is not. I am here to tell you, that you can change the narrative in your story for your next chapter to feel rewarding and for it to be different.
(402) 387-7626 View (402) 387-7626
Photo of Christopher Michael Fenwick, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Christopher Michael Fenwick
Counselor, LIMHP, LADC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68154
Harmony, balance, and peace of mind are things many strive for. In today's world we encounter so many ups and downs. Have you found yourself feeling burned out or trapped? Are you surrounded by unknowns, or a wave from the past that you can't seem to outrun? Have you found yourself with a sudden weight that seems too heavy to carry? You've taken the first step by opening yourself up to the possibility of counseling. You don't have to carry the weight alone. No matter the struggle you can find healing through counseling in a safe place. If you start and stay with the journey, you can find your destination.
Harmony, balance, and peace of mind are things many strive for. In today's world we encounter so many ups and downs. Have you found yourself feeling burned out or trapped? Are you surrounded by unknowns, or a wave from the past that you can't seem to outrun? Have you found yourself with a sudden weight that seems too heavy to carry? You've taken the first step by opening yourself up to the possibility of counseling. You don't have to carry the weight alone. No matter the struggle you can find healing through counseling in a safe place. If you start and stay with the journey, you can find your destination.
(402) 647-6271 View (402) 647-6271
Photo of Katie Kuhlmann, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Katie Kuhlmann
Counselor, PLMHP, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68154
I primarily have experience working with individuals of all ages who struggle with eating disorders and body dysmorphia (and other co-occurring struggles). I am a non-diet practitioner with a HAES approach. I work closely with health professionals as well (dietitians and NPs) to help clients achieve health holistically. I also thoroughly enjoy working with individuals that struggle with anxiety disorders, OCD, and interpersonal struggles. It is my hope that my office is truly a refuge for all who enter and that we can work together as a team to achieve balance in life and pursue holistic health.
I primarily have experience working with individuals of all ages who struggle with eating disorders and body dysmorphia (and other co-occurring struggles). I am a non-diet practitioner with a HAES approach. I work closely with health professionals as well (dietitians and NPs) to help clients achieve health holistically. I also thoroughly enjoy working with individuals that struggle with anxiety disorders, OCD, and interpersonal struggles. It is my hope that my office is truly a refuge for all who enter and that we can work together as a team to achieve balance in life and pursue holistic health.
(402) 621-4654 View (402) 621-4654
Photo of Maddie Moore, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Maddie Moore
Counselor, MS, LIMHP, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68102  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with young women, anxiety disorders, adult children of parents with mental illness, and/or helping professionals who may be struggling with wellbeing or burnout - I find there are often overlaps in all of these. My primary goal in therapy is to provide a safe space where you feel you can be open and curious - our work starts there. My therapy approach is warm, collaborative, and holistic. My greatest focus will be on helping you develop a deeper awareness of and compassion for yourself, so you can feel more empowered to make the choices in your life that feel aligned with your values, identity, and purpose.
I specialize in working with young women, anxiety disorders, adult children of parents with mental illness, and/or helping professionals who may be struggling with wellbeing or burnout - I find there are often overlaps in all of these. My primary goal in therapy is to provide a safe space where you feel you can be open and curious - our work starts there. My therapy approach is warm, collaborative, and holistic. My greatest focus will be on helping you develop a deeper awareness of and compassion for yourself, so you can feel more empowered to make the choices in your life that feel aligned with your values, identity, and purpose.
(402) 524-5945 View (402) 524-5945
Photo of Beth Stratton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Omaha, NE
Beth Stratton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHR, LPC, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68114
Beth is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with individuals seeking support navigating life’s challenges, committed to feeling better, regaining focus, creating a sense of calm from turmoil, developing that sense of inner harmony that happens when one is true to oneself & re-establishing a sense of purpose & accomplishment when you clarify priorities, establish goals, own your power & reach your potential. A self-described Army brat Beth knows the challenges of adapting to change & life transitions. Beth uses a holistic approach to address issues such as: Anxiety, ADD, Relationships, Addiction, Grief & Trauma.
Beth is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with individuals seeking support navigating life’s challenges, committed to feeling better, regaining focus, creating a sense of calm from turmoil, developing that sense of inner harmony that happens when one is true to oneself & re-establishing a sense of purpose & accomplishment when you clarify priorities, establish goals, own your power & reach your potential. A self-described Army brat Beth knows the challenges of adapting to change & life transitions. Beth uses a holistic approach to address issues such as: Anxiety, ADD, Relationships, Addiction, Grief & Trauma.
(531) 301-8745 View (531) 301-8745
Photo of Sergio Matt Palomo, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Sergio Matt Palomo
Counselor, LIMHP
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68144
In therapy I implement effective psychotherapy methods to instill self-understanding among patients and encourage them to adopt new attitudes and feelings towards life situations. It is essential to keep in mind that therapy is not a magic pill or a quick fix: therapy is a healing process that necessitates participation and investment from the patient and caretaker alike. But in the end, making small changes to self-defeating behavior and coping with feelings of sadness, fear, and pain can bring life-altering results.
In therapy I implement effective psychotherapy methods to instill self-understanding among patients and encourage them to adopt new attitudes and feelings towards life situations. It is essential to keep in mind that therapy is not a magic pill or a quick fix: therapy is a healing process that necessitates participation and investment from the patient and caretaker alike. But in the end, making small changes to self-defeating behavior and coping with feelings of sadness, fear, and pain can bring life-altering results.
(531) 204-2131 View (531) 204-2131
Photo of Kristi Tackett-Newburg, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Kristi Tackett-Newburg
Counselor, PhD, LIMHP, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68114
Welcome! Thank you for visiting my profile. I am a licensed independent mental health practitioner and have been working in the psychology field for approximately 16 years. In 2011, I founded Counseling Connections & Associates; a group practice offering mental health, substance abuse, and medication management services. I pride myself on being a passionate and energetic therapist focused on helping clients take steps towards making positive, long-lasting changes in their life. My goal is to assist clients in being able to live up to their fullest potential in a safe and therapeutic environment.
Welcome! Thank you for visiting my profile. I am a licensed independent mental health practitioner and have been working in the psychology field for approximately 16 years. In 2011, I founded Counseling Connections & Associates; a group practice offering mental health, substance abuse, and medication management services. I pride myself on being a passionate and energetic therapist focused on helping clients take steps towards making positive, long-lasting changes in their life. My goal is to assist clients in being able to live up to their fullest potential in a safe and therapeutic environment.
(402) 298-5150 x103 View (402) 298-5150 x103
Photo of Laurie Crayne, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Laurie Crayne
Counselor, LMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68134
I am a Licensed Mental Health Practitioner whose approach to therapy is individualized on the clients needs. The struggles we face often seem overwhelming and difficult. Do you feel like there are obstacles in your life that can not be overcome. I assure you that a positive mindset, determination and a helping hand can make a difference. I strive to provide a therapeutic environment in which to address these challenges. I will work with you to reach your personal goals and successful in your journey.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Practitioner whose approach to therapy is individualized on the clients needs. The struggles we face often seem overwhelming and difficult. Do you feel like there are obstacles in your life that can not be overcome. I assure you that a positive mindset, determination and a helping hand can make a difference. I strive to provide a therapeutic environment in which to address these challenges. I will work with you to reach your personal goals and successful in your journey.
(402) 279-4085 View (402) 279-4085
Photo of Mary Hepburn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Omaha, NE
Mary Hepburn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PLMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68132
Are you struggling with pain? Be it pain from the past, pain from the present, or pain from fear of the future, it can be difficult to cope. Many of us have childhood trauma that contributes to difficulty in everyday living. That trauma can take a toll, not just in terms of difficult memories, but also in contributing to the development of actual psychiatric disorders.
Are you struggling with pain? Be it pain from the past, pain from the present, or pain from fear of the future, it can be difficult to cope. Many of us have childhood trauma that contributes to difficulty in everyday living. That trauma can take a toll, not just in terms of difficult memories, but also in contributing to the development of actual psychiatric disorders.
(402) 542-5204 View (402) 542-5204
Photo of Shelli Reams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Omaha, NE
Shelli Reams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LIMHP, LCSW, LISW, LADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68144
Waitlist for new clients
You have been successful in life, and you have felt there is something which is holding you back from the life you want. Maybe it is a trauma from your past, anxiety, depression, a change in a life situation, relationship issues, or addiction; together you and I can work for you have the life you want. Whether your goal is staying in your current situation, or if it is finding the courage to make a change, I am here to help you let go of things which hold you back from the life you desire.
You have been successful in life, and you have felt there is something which is holding you back from the life you want. Maybe it is a trauma from your past, anxiety, depression, a change in a life situation, relationship issues, or addiction; together you and I can work for you have the life you want. Whether your goal is staying in your current situation, or if it is finding the courage to make a change, I am here to help you let go of things which hold you back from the life you desire.
(531) 233-4123 View (531) 233-4123
Photo of Riannon (Jeffery) Simmerman, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Riannon (Jeffery) Simmerman
Counselor, LIMHP, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Omaha, NE 68154
I enjoy working with clients who struggle with mental health and/or substance use concerns. I believe dealing with life problems involves building up one's "foundation," and gaining healthier alternatives to work through day-to-day challenges. Open-mindedness and willingness are key, and I can aid in strengthening that foundation.
I enjoy working with clients who struggle with mental health and/or substance use concerns. I believe dealing with life problems involves building up one's "foundation," and gaining healthier alternatives to work through day-to-day challenges. Open-mindedness and willingness are key, and I can aid in strengthening that foundation.
(402) 769-3102 View (402) 769-3102
Photo of Vanessa Buttery, Counselor in Omaha, NE
Vanessa Buttery
Counselor, LIMHP, PC
Verified Verified
Omaha, NE 68154
Welcome. Are you ready to take the next step towards your wellness and healing? If you are ready to start, I am here to help guide you. Dealing with emotions and healing can sometimes be uncomfortable, my goal is to help assist you through this process. My approach is helping you reach your goals, addressing any stuck patterns, and help creating what you "know" and how you want to live. The process starts with getting to know you and celebrating what you have overcome and to help you work on establishing goals that may be difficult for you. I will help you focus on what it is that you need to have a fulfilling life.
Welcome. Are you ready to take the next step towards your wellness and healing? If you are ready to start, I am here to help guide you. Dealing with emotions and healing can sometimes be uncomfortable, my goal is to help assist you through this process. My approach is helping you reach your goals, addressing any stuck patterns, and help creating what you "know" and how you want to live. The process starts with getting to know you and celebrating what you have overcome and to help you work on establishing goals that may be difficult for you. I will help you focus on what it is that you need to have a fulfilling life.
(402) 792-4505 View (402) 792-4505

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Omaha, NE

900+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Omaha, NE who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
78% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Omaha, NE see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Omaha?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.