Therapists in Tucson, AZ

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Photo of Jennifer Hewitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Jennifer Hewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
Are you tired and overwhelmed by it all? So many expectations, the constant “pull” from every area of your life….and the world we live in just keeps giving you more than you can handle and you feel you're not good enough. You want a safe place to sort through it all, but when is there even time to go to therapy to work on all this stress? It takes courage to bear your soul to another person, to find a person you feel safe sharing your deepest thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with. Someone who is non-judgmental, empathetic, and caring. I will help you feel safe, heard, validated, and empowered to make the changes you seek out.
Are you tired and overwhelmed by it all? So many expectations, the constant “pull” from every area of your life….and the world we live in just keeps giving you more than you can handle and you feel you're not good enough. You want a safe place to sort through it all, but when is there even time to go to therapy to work on all this stress? It takes courage to bear your soul to another person, to find a person you feel safe sharing your deepest thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with. Someone who is non-judgmental, empathetic, and caring. I will help you feel safe, heard, validated, and empowered to make the changes you seek out.
(520) 551-3150 x3818 View (520) 551-3150 x3818
Photo of Lisa VanHolsbeke, Licensed Associate Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Lisa VanHolsbeke
Licensed Associate Counselor, MC, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85752
I have a unique background and heart to support emergency responders because I am an EMT and retired law enforcement officer. I have been a licensed therapist in Arizona since 2007. I believe first responders are very strong and resilient people, but sometimes they need support by a licensed professional who understands their jobs and work culture. I can help them build resilience, learn additional coping tools to get better outcomes at work and at home, and I can provide a safe and understanding environment to "off-load" and process some of the intrusive effects of trauma they've experienced (accepting adult clients only).
I have a unique background and heart to support emergency responders because I am an EMT and retired law enforcement officer. I have been a licensed therapist in Arizona since 2007. I believe first responders are very strong and resilient people, but sometimes they need support by a licensed professional who understands their jobs and work culture. I can help them build resilience, learn additional coping tools to get better outcomes at work and at home, and I can provide a safe and understanding environment to "off-load" and process some of the intrusive effects of trauma they've experienced (accepting adult clients only).
(520) 839-0352 View (520) 839-0352
Photo of Jessica Rojas, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Jessica Rojas
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710  (Online Only)
Therapy should be a safe place for growth and healing. It is important to have a validating environment to work on obstacles and challenges we all face in our lives. I am an Associate Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a private practice in Tucson, Arizona. I have worked in the behavioral health field since 2010 and enjoy working with individuals of different ages and needs.
Therapy should be a safe place for growth and healing. It is important to have a validating environment to work on obstacles and challenges we all face in our lives. I am an Associate Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a private practice in Tucson, Arizona. I have worked in the behavioral health field since 2010 and enjoy working with individuals of different ages and needs.
(520) 210-5696 View (520) 210-5696
Photo of Marla Domino, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Marla Domino
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Marla Domino, Ph.D., ABPP (Forensic) is a clinical and forensic psychologist, licensed in Arizona and South Carolina. For 13 years, Dr. Domino worked as a Chief Psychologist for South Carolina’s Department of Mental Health, conducting forensic evaluations. She then opened a private practice (Domino Forensic Services) in the fall of 2017. Dr. Domino conducts a variety of criminal and civil forensic evaluations with adults. She is one of a handful of Arizona psychologists who is board-certified in forensic psychology.
Marla Domino, Ph.D., ABPP (Forensic) is a clinical and forensic psychologist, licensed in Arizona and South Carolina. For 13 years, Dr. Domino worked as a Chief Psychologist for South Carolina’s Department of Mental Health, conducting forensic evaluations. She then opened a private practice (Domino Forensic Services) in the fall of 2017. Dr. Domino conducts a variety of criminal and civil forensic evaluations with adults. She is one of a handful of Arizona psychologists who is board-certified in forensic psychology.
(520) 317-6174 View (520) 317-6174
Photo of Nadia Zanger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Nadia Zanger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
From my perspective, understanding family dynamics is beneficial for both individuals and families as a whole. Unfortunately, many of these dynamics are invisible. I encourage people to comprehend the invisible influences that their families have on them and those that they have on their families. Once the invisible becomes visible, individuals and/ or families can develop effective coping skills to lead a more fulfilling life. The ultimate goal is to create healthy relationships.
From my perspective, understanding family dynamics is beneficial for both individuals and families as a whole. Unfortunately, many of these dynamics are invisible. I encourage people to comprehend the invisible influences that their families have on them and those that they have on their families. Once the invisible becomes visible, individuals and/ or families can develop effective coping skills to lead a more fulfilling life. The ultimate goal is to create healthy relationships.
(520) 263-9135 View (520) 263-9135
Photo of Yvonne C Giordano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Yvonne C Giordano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
Are you are looking to be empowered to address issues related to addiction and manage symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, eating disorders, or grief and loss? I can offer you the opportunity to enter into a trusting relationship with a therapist who is skilled and trained, non-judgmental, supportive, validating, and empathetic to their experiences while making their journey into healing and personal growth. I work with adults and adolescents who are culturally and racially diverse, members of the LGBTQIA+ community, veterans, homeless population, those in chronic pain, and members of the Deaf community.
Are you are looking to be empowered to address issues related to addiction and manage symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, eating disorders, or grief and loss? I can offer you the opportunity to enter into a trusting relationship with a therapist who is skilled and trained, non-judgmental, supportive, validating, and empathetic to their experiences while making their journey into healing and personal growth. I work with adults and adolescents who are culturally and racially diverse, members of the LGBTQIA+ community, veterans, homeless population, those in chronic pain, and members of the Deaf community.
(520) 843-1947 View (520) 843-1947
Photo of Veronica M Machado, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Veronica M Machado
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85745  (Online Only)
My name is Veronica Machado, I am a Licensed Professional Mental Health Counselor serving adults and teenagers in the Tucson area. My therapy practice is supportive and kind, and my purpose is to help you find meaning, navigate changes, heal and come back to yourself. Therapy is a space where you are not judged or stereotyped for your identities. I am currently seeing clients via telehealth.
My name is Veronica Machado, I am a Licensed Professional Mental Health Counselor serving adults and teenagers in the Tucson area. My therapy practice is supportive and kind, and my purpose is to help you find meaning, navigate changes, heal and come back to yourself. Therapy is a space where you are not judged or stereotyped for your identities. I am currently seeing clients via telehealth.
(520) 867-9727 View (520) 867-9727
Photo of Nancy Clare Skocy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Nancy Clare Skocy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
I enjoy working with individuals interested in healing relational or developmental trauma. I am certified as a somatic experiencing practitioner and as a psychodynamic psychotherapist. I am also trained in equine therapy and utilize horses in individual sessions when appropriate as an adjunct to deepening body awareness and developing joyful connections to living beings. I am focused on positive interactions and stabilizing internal resources in a safe environment. Increasing awareness of the external environment through the senses and noticing how this impacts body sensations begins a process of self development through observation. The person begins to individuate from the trauma.
I enjoy working with individuals interested in healing relational or developmental trauma. I am certified as a somatic experiencing practitioner and as a psychodynamic psychotherapist. I am also trained in equine therapy and utilize horses in individual sessions when appropriate as an adjunct to deepening body awareness and developing joyful connections to living beings. I am focused on positive interactions and stabilizing internal resources in a safe environment. Increasing awareness of the external environment through the senses and noticing how this impacts body sensations begins a process of self development through observation. The person begins to individuate from the trauma.
(520) 399-6305 View (520) 399-6305
Photo of Headcoach Dan Pastor, LLC Sport Psychotherapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Headcoach Dan Pastor, LLC Sport Psychotherapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
CLINICAL, SPORT & PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY: Mental Game Coach certified by the International Golf Psychology Association. My practice includes working with athletes, performers, and the like-minded. That "thing" of yours (pre-performance anxiety, choking, feeling like a fraud, self-sabotage, etc.) has created enough problems. Enough already. What would you be doing if that "thing" was not in your way? Imagine making that putt, rocking that assignment, nailing that performance, or enjoying the one you are with.
CLINICAL, SPORT & PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY: Mental Game Coach certified by the International Golf Psychology Association. My practice includes working with athletes, performers, and the like-minded. That "thing" of yours (pre-performance anxiety, choking, feeling like a fraud, self-sabotage, etc.) has created enough problems. Enough already. What would you be doing if that "thing" was not in your way? Imagine making that putt, rocking that assignment, nailing that performance, or enjoying the one you are with.
(520) 210-5611 View (520) 210-5611
Photo of Katrina Dobson, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Katrina Dobson
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85742
I am a Tucson native and have received my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Northern Arizona University. While I was pursuing my master’s degree I have worked with children through adults as well as families that are struggling and in need of support.
I am a Tucson native and have received my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Northern Arizona University. While I was pursuing my master’s degree I have worked with children through adults as well as families that are struggling and in need of support.
(520) 436-9859 x708 View (520) 436-9859 x708
Photo of Frances Theby Spillane Emdr Intensives, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Frances Theby Spillane Emdr Intensives
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Are you tired of your pain? It might be the pain of a difficult childhood, a traumatic experience, or a difficult relationship. I help individuals and couples heal, connect and grow through two transformative paths: Relational Life Therapy and EMDR (Intensives, EMDR 2.0). In couples therapy, my goal is to guide you and your partner on a journey of healing, reconnecting, and strengthening your bond. Together, we'll address the disconnects in your relationship, improve communication, rebuild trust, and foster a deeper emotional connection. Our goal is to create a partnership of Fierce Intimacy, where you both thrive.
Are you tired of your pain? It might be the pain of a difficult childhood, a traumatic experience, or a difficult relationship. I help individuals and couples heal, connect and grow through two transformative paths: Relational Life Therapy and EMDR (Intensives, EMDR 2.0). In couples therapy, my goal is to guide you and your partner on a journey of healing, reconnecting, and strengthening your bond. Together, we'll address the disconnects in your relationship, improve communication, rebuild trust, and foster a deeper emotional connection. Our goal is to create a partnership of Fierce Intimacy, where you both thrive.
(520) 525-2410 View (520) 525-2410
Photo of Glen E Harelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Glen E Harelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
I currently offer Telehealth services to clients residing in Arizona and California. I place a high priority on access to care and therefore offer a generous sliding fee schedule. I have been in the field of public and behavioral health at federal, county and nonprofit settings as a manager and direct service provider for over 25 years. I work with individuals with mild to moderate stress, anxiety, panic disorders, depression, trauma, family and relationship difficulties, mental and addictive disorders including clients with chronic dependence on alcohol and opioids.
I currently offer Telehealth services to clients residing in Arizona and California. I place a high priority on access to care and therefore offer a generous sliding fee schedule. I have been in the field of public and behavioral health at federal, county and nonprofit settings as a manager and direct service provider for over 25 years. I work with individuals with mild to moderate stress, anxiety, panic disorders, depression, trauma, family and relationship difficulties, mental and addictive disorders including clients with chronic dependence on alcohol and opioids.
(520) 210-5361 View (520) 210-5361
Photo of Phyllis Siebern, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Phyllis Siebern
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
I have had the privilege of working in many areas of the mental health field over the last 15 years, and this has shown me that people have the ability to heal. I have experience with anxiety, depression, anger management and PTSD. I have training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and EMDR. I am generally straightforward, empathetic and genuine in my approach, but also utilize humor. I am able to work with adults.
I have had the privilege of working in many areas of the mental health field over the last 15 years, and this has shown me that people have the ability to heal. I have experience with anxiety, depression, anger management and PTSD. I have training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and EMDR. I am generally straightforward, empathetic and genuine in my approach, but also utilize humor. I am able to work with adults.
(520) 263-9639 View (520) 263-9639
Photo of Julia M Ambriz, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Julia M Ambriz
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
In a world where we are constantly experiencing trauma, both directly and indirectly, it can be difficult to identify how deeply different things in life affect us. I believe that the experience of feeling understood can be the catalyst for change and something that allows for healing to begin. I aim to provide a space of healing, openness and exploration for those things that you might otherwise suppress or carry with heaviness or judgment. Together, we can heal that unresolved stuff from the past and create skills to support you through future circumstances.
In a world where we are constantly experiencing trauma, both directly and indirectly, it can be difficult to identify how deeply different things in life affect us. I believe that the experience of feeling understood can be the catalyst for change and something that allows for healing to begin. I aim to provide a space of healing, openness and exploration for those things that you might otherwise suppress or carry with heaviness or judgment. Together, we can heal that unresolved stuff from the past and create skills to support you through future circumstances.
(520) 210-5247 View (520) 210-5247
Photo of Amy Mozolik, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Amy Mozolik
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85747
Not accepting new clients
I appreciate working with individuals who experience (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. I believe that everyone has all that they need to reach their full potential as human beings, and I am honored to be a part of the process of their growth and discovery. I am trained to provide individual psychotherapy to adolescents and adults, ages 16 and older. I am certified to provide Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and am trained in Levels I and II Hypnosis. I provide these services within a humanistic framework in which I appreciate the resiliency of the individual.
I appreciate working with individuals who experience (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. I believe that everyone has all that they need to reach their full potential as human beings, and I am honored to be a part of the process of their growth and discovery. I am trained to provide individual psychotherapy to adolescents and adults, ages 16 and older. I am certified to provide Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and am trained in Levels I and II Hypnosis. I provide these services within a humanistic framework in which I appreciate the resiliency of the individual.
(907) 312-1190 View (907) 312-1190
Photo of Jack Gift, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Jack Gift
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, a personality disorder, another mental health challenge, chronic pain, trouble with relationships, or difficulties at your place of employment. You may feel stuck in your life or need to clarify personal values and goals. I am skilled and experienced at working with people facing a variety of mental health and related challenges. I specialize in working with people 18 years old and older. My approach to therapy starts with the idea that people are usually the best experts on their own lives.
You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, a personality disorder, another mental health challenge, chronic pain, trouble with relationships, or difficulties at your place of employment. You may feel stuck in your life or need to clarify personal values and goals. I am skilled and experienced at working with people facing a variety of mental health and related challenges. I specialize in working with people 18 years old and older. My approach to therapy starts with the idea that people are usually the best experts on their own lives.
(520) 335-3987 View (520) 335-3987
Photo of Rebecca Tolman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Rebecca Tolman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
My practice serves people as young as 6 to teens, adults, and seniors. I work with people struggling with life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, specific traumas, long term trauma and neglect, relationship challenges, and phobias, as well as the issues and conditions caused by these challenges.
My practice serves people as young as 6 to teens, adults, and seniors. I work with people struggling with life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, specific traumas, long term trauma and neglect, relationship challenges, and phobias, as well as the issues and conditions caused by these challenges.
(520) 341-2326 View (520) 341-2326
Photo of Samar Adi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Samar Adi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
Morning availability only. Interested in exploring yourself, your world and starting to make the changes you want in different areas of life? I enjoy working with people who find themselves at a crossroads between keeping things the way they have been or doing the work in therapy to process, learn, and grow. If you find yourself struggling with transitions, new responsibilities, self-doubt, uncertainty about the future, communication and relationship skills, I'd love to work with you!
Morning availability only. Interested in exploring yourself, your world and starting to make the changes you want in different areas of life? I enjoy working with people who find themselves at a crossroads between keeping things the way they have been or doing the work in therapy to process, learn, and grow. If you find yourself struggling with transitions, new responsibilities, self-doubt, uncertainty about the future, communication and relationship skills, I'd love to work with you!
(520) 210-4638 View (520) 210-4638
Photo of Seed of Hope Therapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Seed of Hope Therapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85711
Are you looking for a behavioral health professional with over 20 years of experience in the field? If so, I am excited to be your partner in the treatment of mental, emotional and spiritual needs. I specialize in treating women, trauma and/or addiction, however, I am experienced in helping all adults who are suffering from any emotional disturbance, needing safe, healthy, coping skills.
Are you looking for a behavioral health professional with over 20 years of experience in the field? If so, I am excited to be your partner in the treatment of mental, emotional and spiritual needs. I specialize in treating women, trauma and/or addiction, however, I am experienced in helping all adults who are suffering from any emotional disturbance, needing safe, healthy, coping skills.
(520) 455-3975 View (520) 455-3975
Photo of Hunter Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Hunter Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85745
My time as a guide in the Alaskan Rainforest taught me many truths: the thrill of wilderness air, the sacred language of native poetry and art, and, perhaps most notably, the realization that all life is deeply interwoven. At 4 Tree Therapy, we sustain that each core aspect of a person - their spiritual, mental, physical, and social selves - requires dedicated and meaningful nurturing, and that each of these "trees" uplifts the others - just as the neighboring trees in a forest work together as one.
My time as a guide in the Alaskan Rainforest taught me many truths: the thrill of wilderness air, the sacred language of native poetry and art, and, perhaps most notably, the realization that all life is deeply interwoven. At 4 Tree Therapy, we sustain that each core aspect of a person - their spiritual, mental, physical, and social selves - requires dedicated and meaningful nurturing, and that each of these "trees" uplifts the others - just as the neighboring trees in a forest work together as one.
(520) 376-0746 View (520) 376-0746

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tucson, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tucson, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Tucson, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tucson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.