Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Marissa Stone, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Marissa Stone
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37228
Life stressors and trauma can impact our lives in unexpected ways and reaching out for support takes courage. I value collaborating with individuals to curate space for their healing journey. As a therapist, I am committed to establishing an environment where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. I practice from a trauma informed, relational, and anti-oppressive perspective and believe that each person's journey is unique and deserving of respect. My approach is rooted in an appreciation for the diverse backgrounds and identities that each person brings to the therapeutic relationship.
Life stressors and trauma can impact our lives in unexpected ways and reaching out for support takes courage. I value collaborating with individuals to curate space for their healing journey. As a therapist, I am committed to establishing an environment where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. I practice from a trauma informed, relational, and anti-oppressive perspective and believe that each person's journey is unique and deserving of respect. My approach is rooted in an appreciation for the diverse backgrounds and identities that each person brings to the therapeutic relationship.
(615) 703-5165 View (615) 703-5165
Photo of Cameron Mashburn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Cameron Mashburn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Welcome! Whether you are looking to begin therapy after a life change or traumatic experience, or are just hoping to find a space where you can fully be yourself, I am so glad you are here. Being allowed to come alongside someone as they face deep hurt and vulnerability, to challenge and celebrate them, to laugh and cry with them, is such an honor for me. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing life transitions, trauma, grief, anxiety, OCD, or depression. I specifically enjoy working with women in the postpartum period and those looking to increase their ability to connect with others.
Welcome! Whether you are looking to begin therapy after a life change or traumatic experience, or are just hoping to find a space where you can fully be yourself, I am so glad you are here. Being allowed to come alongside someone as they face deep hurt and vulnerability, to challenge and celebrate them, to laugh and cry with them, is such an honor for me. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing life transitions, trauma, grief, anxiety, OCD, or depression. I specifically enjoy working with women in the postpartum period and those looking to increase their ability to connect with others.
(423) 561-9288 View (423) 561-9288
Photo of Jill Terhune, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jill Terhune
Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
You may be feeling overwhelmed, isolated, anxious, depressed, and reliving past traumatic experiences, but hopeful for understanding, confidence, and peace? Through my work in sexual assault centers, domestic violence shelters, in private practice, and at Onsite Workshops I have learned how trauma is stored in the body, how it creates negative beliefs about the self, how it keeps us from living in the present moment and how it keeps us from connecting to those around us. Working with me feels like gentle confrontation and resource building in order to delve into past wounds with a deeply open, knowledgeable, and compassionate ally.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, isolated, anxious, depressed, and reliving past traumatic experiences, but hopeful for understanding, confidence, and peace? Through my work in sexual assault centers, domestic violence shelters, in private practice, and at Onsite Workshops I have learned how trauma is stored in the body, how it creates negative beliefs about the self, how it keeps us from living in the present moment and how it keeps us from connecting to those around us. Working with me feels like gentle confrontation and resource building in order to delve into past wounds with a deeply open, knowledgeable, and compassionate ally.
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Photo of Anna Ezell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Anna Ezell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Whether you are seeking to increase your overall well-being, improve your relationships, or are encountering significant life challenges, I am here to assist you in achieving your personal goals. It is my belief that therapy is an empowering resource that can help you re-author your life. It would be my privilege to work with you in a supportive alliance guided by open respect and acceptance. I am dedicated to providing clients with a supportive environment where therapy sessions are collaborative, engaging and tailored to the individuals unique needs. I approach our work together with curiosity, empathy and humor.
Whether you are seeking to increase your overall well-being, improve your relationships, or are encountering significant life challenges, I am here to assist you in achieving your personal goals. It is my belief that therapy is an empowering resource that can help you re-author your life. It would be my privilege to work with you in a supportive alliance guided by open respect and acceptance. I am dedicated to providing clients with a supportive environment where therapy sessions are collaborative, engaging and tailored to the individuals unique needs. I approach our work together with curiosity, empathy and humor.
(615) 492-3473 View (615) 492-3473
Photo of Tim Hollar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Tim Hollar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
When things feel off or when you are not going in a direction that feels authentic you can feel or see it. I approach therapy through a lens of strength, the strength to be vulnerable, to take ownership of your story, and to learning about yourself to act out your values with integrity. My experience as a therapist has shown me any change can evoke grief, and that acceptance when things cannot or will not change can be hard too. Individual therapy can provide support for grief, depression, isolation, and anxiety. Couples therapy can strengthen connection and dreams in your relationship. You don’t need to be alone in your journey.
When things feel off or when you are not going in a direction that feels authentic you can feel or see it. I approach therapy through a lens of strength, the strength to be vulnerable, to take ownership of your story, and to learning about yourself to act out your values with integrity. My experience as a therapist has shown me any change can evoke grief, and that acceptance when things cannot or will not change can be hard too. Individual therapy can provide support for grief, depression, isolation, and anxiety. Couples therapy can strengthen connection and dreams in your relationship. You don’t need to be alone in your journey.
(615) 551-9427 View (615) 551-9427
Photo of Sara Baldwin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Sara Baldwin
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215  (Online Only)
I provide services for men, women, and couples ages 16 years and up. Maybe you are struggling with a difficult decision, a loss, family issues, change or transition in your life, or have something that you want to talk about and process. I want to encourage you and remind you that whatever you are going through, however you feel, you do not have to be alone.
I provide services for men, women, and couples ages 16 years and up. Maybe you are struggling with a difficult decision, a loss, family issues, change or transition in your life, or have something that you want to talk about and process. I want to encourage you and remind you that whatever you are going through, however you feel, you do not have to be alone.
(615) 813-4894 View (615) 813-4894
Photo of David Yarian, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
David Yarian
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sexual relationships find us at our most vulnerable, and it is often through sexuality that we experience some of our deepest yearnings, profound fears, compulsive behaviors, inhibitions, confusions, uncertainties, and desires. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, as well as an individual and marital psychotherapist with over thirty years' experience.
Sexual relationships find us at our most vulnerable, and it is often through sexuality that we experience some of our deepest yearnings, profound fears, compulsive behaviors, inhibitions, confusions, uncertainties, and desires. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, as well as an individual and marital psychotherapist with over thirty years' experience.
(615) 656-7228 View (615) 656-7228
Photo of Marie Rutherford, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Marie Rutherford
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214
A U.S. Army Veteran who has passion to helps others and their families. For the past two years I have provided counseling to those with substance abuse disorder and additional mental health disorders from all walks of life.
A U.S. Army Veteran who has passion to helps others and their families. For the past two years I have provided counseling to those with substance abuse disorder and additional mental health disorders from all walks of life.
(615) 697-6501 View (615) 697-6501
Photo of Mallie Easterlin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Mallie Easterlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Regardless of where you find yourself, you deserve to feel supported and heard. Life can bring many seasons. Some seasons can be challenging, making us question our worth and purpose. Other seasons feel permanent, leaving us feeling stuck and hopeless. Or maybe we experience a change, forcing us to shift and transition. My desire is to meet you exactly where you are, no matter the season you find yourself in. I hope to walk with you towards a place of growth as you realize your strengths and self-worth.
Regardless of where you find yourself, you deserve to feel supported and heard. Life can bring many seasons. Some seasons can be challenging, making us question our worth and purpose. Other seasons feel permanent, leaving us feeling stuck and hopeless. Or maybe we experience a change, forcing us to shift and transition. My desire is to meet you exactly where you are, no matter the season you find yourself in. I hope to walk with you towards a place of growth as you realize your strengths and self-worth.
(615) 492-3529 View (615) 492-3529
Photo of Dawson Wells, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Dawson Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Life assures us struggle, hardships, grief, and loss, but these things don't have to be the end of our story. They can be our call to action. I want to help you develop the tools you need to create a rich, full, and healthy life of your own design. One where you not only meet your goals but enjoy the process. A diagnosis, a major life change, an experience of abuse or trauma, an identity outside the social norms we find ourselves in; these are not our limitations, they're just aspects of our starting point.
Life assures us struggle, hardships, grief, and loss, but these things don't have to be the end of our story. They can be our call to action. I want to help you develop the tools you need to create a rich, full, and healthy life of your own design. One where you not only meet your goals but enjoy the process. A diagnosis, a major life change, an experience of abuse or trauma, an identity outside the social norms we find ourselves in; these are not our limitations, they're just aspects of our starting point.
(615) 649-8656 View (615) 649-8656
Photo of Verkita Washington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Verkita Washington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
"All things are created twice; first mentally; then physically. The key to creativity is to begin with the end in mind, with a vision and a blueprint of the desired result." --- Stephen Covey Life is full of wonderful opportunities and experiences in which many can be obtained by you. Achieving your life’s goals all start with you; however, these goals will be met with challenges. These challenges are inevitable but doable. Having a therapist to help navigate these obstacles has been proven to help with one’s overall well-being.
"All things are created twice; first mentally; then physically. The key to creativity is to begin with the end in mind, with a vision and a blueprint of the desired result." --- Stephen Covey Life is full of wonderful opportunities and experiences in which many can be obtained by you. Achieving your life’s goals all start with you; however, these goals will be met with challenges. These challenges are inevitable but doable. Having a therapist to help navigate these obstacles has been proven to help with one’s overall well-being.
(615) 257-9293 View (615) 257-9293
Photo of Harrison H Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Harrison H Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
My goal is to create a safe environment for people to heal - emotionally, behaviorally and spiritually - so that they can integrate real change in their lives. I enjoy counseling families, couples and individuals of all ages - children, adolescents and adults. My main focus areas are family and marital conflict, rebuilding emotional and spiritual intimacy in relationships, divorce recovery, all kinds of addiction recovery, codependency in relationships,depression, anxiety, grief and loss, premarital counseling, emotional healing from family of origin, communication skills and parenting skills.
My goal is to create a safe environment for people to heal - emotionally, behaviorally and spiritually - so that they can integrate real change in their lives. I enjoy counseling families, couples and individuals of all ages - children, adolescents and adults. My main focus areas are family and marital conflict, rebuilding emotional and spiritual intimacy in relationships, divorce recovery, all kinds of addiction recovery, codependency in relationships,depression, anxiety, grief and loss, premarital counseling, emotional healing from family of origin, communication skills and parenting skills.
(615) 601-2586 View (615) 601-2586
Photo of Nanette Griffin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Nanette Griffin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
I believe therapy is a safe place for self-exploration and building awareness of what may be holding you back from achieving your best self and putting you on the path to a more fulfilling life. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy or you have tried it in the past, I am committed to working together to navigate through your needs and meet your goals. It can be helpful to have someone's full, unbiased attention to support you in your journey to create healing through positive, long lasting change.
I believe therapy is a safe place for self-exploration and building awareness of what may be holding you back from achieving your best self and putting you on the path to a more fulfilling life. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy or you have tried it in the past, I am committed to working together to navigate through your needs and meet your goals. It can be helpful to have someone's full, unbiased attention to support you in your journey to create healing through positive, long lasting change.
Photo of Brianna White, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Brianna White
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37228
Is your kid having big feelings all of the time and you're trying your best to support them, but nothing is working? Are you feeling overwhelmed with parenting and wish you could start fresh with a new outlook? Are you feeling the weight of the world on your shoulders and need a space to decompress? Let's chat!
Is your kid having big feelings all of the time and you're trying your best to support them, but nothing is working? Are you feeling overwhelmed with parenting and wish you could start fresh with a new outlook? Are you feeling the weight of the world on your shoulders and need a space to decompress? Let's chat!
(615) 682-0139 View (615) 682-0139
Photo of Payton Lindner in Nashville, TN
Payton Lindner
MMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
Yo! I’m Payton, I’m an openly queer + nonbinary human and my pronoun are they/she! I think that humans are the coolest. My philosophy as an Identity Doula + Healing Practitioner takes into consideration that every human and every situation is different, thus unique tools and approaches are required for unique people and things. Sessions with me will go beyond standard talk therapy, as it is my personal and professional opinion that humans often heal with art, movement, visuals, embodiment, activities, and music better than they do with standard talk therapy alone. (Try to think of this as fun and exciting, not scary or awkward!)
Yo! I’m Payton, I’m an openly queer + nonbinary human and my pronoun are they/she! I think that humans are the coolest. My philosophy as an Identity Doula + Healing Practitioner takes into consideration that every human and every situation is different, thus unique tools and approaches are required for unique people and things. Sessions with me will go beyond standard talk therapy, as it is my personal and professional opinion that humans often heal with art, movement, visuals, embodiment, activities, and music better than they do with standard talk therapy alone. (Try to think of this as fun and exciting, not scary or awkward!)
(629) 230-3151 View (629) 230-3151
Photo of Kiersten Twitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Kiersten Twitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
I believe that all of us can benefit from additional support in different seasons of our lives. It takes bravery to reach out and meet with someone, and I’m passionate about building a relationship with my clients where they are able to engage with their own resilience and innate ability to heal. Many of us develop patterns that help us move through and cope with what we have experienced, and often, we realize these strategies are no longer serving us, and are keeping us from experiencing the full life we desire. I walk alongside my clients in helping them become reconnected to their true selves, and reach their goals.
I believe that all of us can benefit from additional support in different seasons of our lives. It takes bravery to reach out and meet with someone, and I’m passionate about building a relationship with my clients where they are able to engage with their own resilience and innate ability to heal. Many of us develop patterns that help us move through and cope with what we have experienced, and often, we realize these strategies are no longer serving us, and are keeping us from experiencing the full life we desire. I walk alongside my clients in helping them become reconnected to their true selves, and reach their goals.
(615) 751-5763 View (615) 751-5763
Photo of Roxanne Hallisey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Roxanne Hallisey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC, MHSP, (Temp), NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37220
Throughout my life, I've formed connections with people from all walks of life, nurturing a deep appreciation for the tapestry of human connection and the beauty of our unique differences. In the moments when we experience empathy and awe within our connections, we discover the potential for growth, self-awareness, and healing, even when life presents its most challenging moments. My therapy approach is centered around you. It's about facilitating healing through relationship, making meaning through self-awareness, and finding your unique strengths to help you live authentically.
Throughout my life, I've formed connections with people from all walks of life, nurturing a deep appreciation for the tapestry of human connection and the beauty of our unique differences. In the moments when we experience empathy and awe within our connections, we discover the potential for growth, self-awareness, and healing, even when life presents its most challenging moments. My therapy approach is centered around you. It's about facilitating healing through relationship, making meaning through self-awareness, and finding your unique strengths to help you live authentically.
(615) 709-9425 View (615) 709-9425
Photo of Christian Bumpous, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Christian Bumpous
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC, CDWF
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
You are a busy professional and you have arrived. For years, you’ve been planning and plotting your path and you are now well on your way. And, something feels just a bit off. Like, “wasn’t I supposed to be happy and content -or something?” For some reason, life is not feeling as full and rich as you’d pictured, and all the research on how to make things better thus far, has not yielded the desired results! Despite checking all the boxes (like, every last damn one), you are still left feeling more anxious, stressed, or depressed than you’d like. Why do things on the inside that don’t match what’s happening in your life?
You are a busy professional and you have arrived. For years, you’ve been planning and plotting your path and you are now well on your way. And, something feels just a bit off. Like, “wasn’t I supposed to be happy and content -or something?” For some reason, life is not feeling as full and rich as you’d pictured, and all the research on how to make things better thus far, has not yielded the desired results! Despite checking all the boxes (like, every last damn one), you are still left feeling more anxious, stressed, or depressed than you’d like. Why do things on the inside that don’t match what’s happening in your life?
(615) 285-6201 View (615) 285-6201
Photo of Katie Vacanti-Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Katie Vacanti-Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
My heart is set on helping professionals like you—those who are managing the pressures and complexities of ambitious careers. Whether it’s through individual therapy or working with couples, I’m here to support your journey towards a healthier, more balanced life. I primarily work with adults and couples, guiding them through challenges like complex family dynamics, boundary setting, anxiety, depression, religious trauma, and ADHD. My foundational belief is that we're all doing the best we can with what we have. As a partner in your journey, I bring an array of tools and skills, hoping to make your path a little easier to navigate.
My heart is set on helping professionals like you—those who are managing the pressures and complexities of ambitious careers. Whether it’s through individual therapy or working with couples, I’m here to support your journey towards a healthier, more balanced life. I primarily work with adults and couples, guiding them through challenges like complex family dynamics, boundary setting, anxiety, depression, religious trauma, and ADHD. My foundational belief is that we're all doing the best we can with what we have. As a partner in your journey, I bring an array of tools and skills, hoping to make your path a little easier to navigate.
(615) 543-5129 View (615) 543-5129
Photo of Julia Krump, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Julia Krump
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204  (Online Only)
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel you have to do.
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel you have to do.
(629) 465-4836 View (629) 465-4836

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.