Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Mary Mayfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Mary Mayfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97221  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to hold an environment in which people feel safe to acknowledge their internal process and are encouraged to discover their resiliency. I have experience working with individuals and families on a variety of issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, communication, and life transitions.
I strive to hold an environment in which people feel safe to acknowledge their internal process and are encouraged to discover their resiliency. I have experience working with individuals and families on a variety of issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, communication, and life transitions.
(503) 487-5573 View (503) 487-5573
Photo of Brandon Houston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Brandon Houston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97220  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I wish to honor the struggle bringing you to therapy while holding the possibility for real, long lasting transformation. My intention is to create a space where you feel safe and capable of holding your experiences in new ways. From this space of self-acceptance, we will begin to explore the ways in which your natural expression has been distorted. In essence, you will recognize and work with the blocks limiting your life.
I wish to honor the struggle bringing you to therapy while holding the possibility for real, long lasting transformation. My intention is to create a space where you feel safe and capable of holding your experiences in new ways. From this space of self-acceptance, we will begin to explore the ways in which your natural expression has been distorted. In essence, you will recognize and work with the blocks limiting your life.
(971) 234-9578 View (971) 234-9578
Photo of Kelsey Williams, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Kelsey Williams
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, CMT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97203
Whether you're a human who's struggling with anxiety, trying to make sure everyone around you is happy (usually at the cost of your own happiness), highly sensitive, neurodivergent, an empath, or just a human seeking more compassion and connection, I'm glad you're here. I'm Kelsey, and I'm here because I truly believe in the power we each have as humans to heal and find wholeness. Together we can explore the experiences and contexts that have made you into who you are, how to soothe yourself through any situation, how you find meaning in your life, and what helps you feel connected to yourself, others, and the world around us.
Whether you're a human who's struggling with anxiety, trying to make sure everyone around you is happy (usually at the cost of your own happiness), highly sensitive, neurodivergent, an empath, or just a human seeking more compassion and connection, I'm glad you're here. I'm Kelsey, and I'm here because I truly believe in the power we each have as humans to heal and find wholeness. Together we can explore the experiences and contexts that have made you into who you are, how to soothe yourself through any situation, how you find meaning in your life, and what helps you feel connected to yourself, others, and the world around us.
(971) 298-9501 View (971) 298-9501
Photo of Jordanne Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Jordanne Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97216  (Online Only)
You want to appear like you’re happy, calm, and confident, but deep down you feel like you can’t keep up and life is passing you by. You may be fed up with feeling burned out, like you can’t get as much done as you used to, and like it’s hard to enjoy daily life. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to feel like yourself again. You’re ready to find fulfillment and understanding in relationships. Most of all you’re ready to stop feeling exhausted and checked out and start feeling calm, centered and engaged with life again.
You want to appear like you’re happy, calm, and confident, but deep down you feel like you can’t keep up and life is passing you by. You may be fed up with feeling burned out, like you can’t get as much done as you used to, and like it’s hard to enjoy daily life. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to feel like yourself again. You’re ready to find fulfillment and understanding in relationships. Most of all you’re ready to stop feeling exhausted and checked out and start feeling calm, centered and engaged with life again.
(503) 809-8752 View (503) 809-8752
Photo of Carol L Penn, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Carol L Penn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
I am a clinical psychologist, licensed since 1986. My husband and I moved to Portland recently, and are enjoying the energy and cultural richness of the city. I enjoy traveling, yoga, jogging, and of course visiting our grandchildren. I particularly enjoy working with people who feel "stuck" and are interested in developing insight into the roots of the issues which keep them from moving forward in their lives; however, I appreciate the unique needs of each individual and am flexible in meeting their needs.
I am a clinical psychologist, licensed since 1986. My husband and I moved to Portland recently, and are enjoying the energy and cultural richness of the city. I enjoy traveling, yoga, jogging, and of course visiting our grandchildren. I particularly enjoy working with people who feel "stuck" and are interested in developing insight into the roots of the issues which keep them from moving forward in their lives; however, I appreciate the unique needs of each individual and am flexible in meeting their needs.
(503) 694-4189 View (503) 694-4189
Photo of Bryce Doehne, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Bryce Doehne
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
I specialize in helping people who may appear to others as high-functioning, high-achievers, who have it “all together," but on the inside they experience suffering. The people I work with often attempt to suppress their emotions and needs in order to achieve success in their career, college, relationships, and other life goals. They are usually achievement-oriented, detail-focused, driven, ambitious, and place high standards on themselves and others. Although their qualities may help with pushing through struggles to achieve success, limiting emotional expression can result in long-term negative effects.
I specialize in helping people who may appear to others as high-functioning, high-achievers, who have it “all together," but on the inside they experience suffering. The people I work with often attempt to suppress their emotions and needs in order to achieve success in their career, college, relationships, and other life goals. They are usually achievement-oriented, detail-focused, driven, ambitious, and place high standards on themselves and others. Although their qualities may help with pushing through struggles to achieve success, limiting emotional expression can result in long-term negative effects.
(971) 232-3475 View (971) 232-3475
Photo of Mindy L Feather, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mindy L Feather
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97215
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to give kids a safe place to explore their thoughts and feelings and then empower their caregivers with information and insight into their child's experience. I can also provide supportive techniques for caregivers in filial therapy and attachment methods which include playful activities that help you enjoy parenting again. I am passionate about treating children with anxiety and trauma concerns. My decade of experience has been focused on working with children who have been through the trauma of grief, divorce, neglect, and sexual, physical, or emotional abuse.
My goal is to give kids a safe place to explore their thoughts and feelings and then empower their caregivers with information and insight into their child's experience. I can also provide supportive techniques for caregivers in filial therapy and attachment methods which include playful activities that help you enjoy parenting again. I am passionate about treating children with anxiety and trauma concerns. My decade of experience has been focused on working with children who have been through the trauma of grief, divorce, neglect, and sexual, physical, or emotional abuse.
(503) 782-4061 View (503) 782-4061
Photo of Olivia Dalke, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Olivia Dalke
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97266
Everyone has unique needs when it comes to counseling. Some people are experiencing overwhelming emotions, some people feel numb and many are seeking a theraputic space to process whatever life throws at them. My goal is to foster your autonomy in choosing what is and is not helpful in pursuit of your needs and goals.
Everyone has unique needs when it comes to counseling. Some people are experiencing overwhelming emotions, some people feel numb and many are seeking a theraputic space to process whatever life throws at them. My goal is to foster your autonomy in choosing what is and is not helpful in pursuit of your needs and goals.
(503) 406-9176 View (503) 406-9176
Photo of Brandon Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Brandon Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97216
Not accepting new clients
Whether in relationship with your partner, your children, others in your life like a boss, friends, or family, we get stuck in loops and can't seem to break free. Maybe it's in a relationship with a part of yourself, an addiction or habit you haven't been able to shake, or even your relationship and experience of the wider culture. Life gets stuck sometimes, and finding freedom can be hard to do on your own. I'm honored to work with couples, families, individuals, parents, and teens to help untangle the knots, make sense of it all, and work together to carve out a path to where you'd rather be.
Whether in relationship with your partner, your children, others in your life like a boss, friends, or family, we get stuck in loops and can't seem to break free. Maybe it's in a relationship with a part of yourself, an addiction or habit you haven't been able to shake, or even your relationship and experience of the wider culture. Life gets stuck sometimes, and finding freedom can be hard to do on your own. I'm honored to work with couples, families, individuals, parents, and teens to help untangle the knots, make sense of it all, and work together to carve out a path to where you'd rather be.
(503) 966-9299 View (503) 966-9299
Photo of Otoniel Toni Calderon, LPC Intern in Portland, OR
Otoniel Toni Calderon
LPC Intern, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97217  (Online Only)
As a survivor of long-term childhood abuse, I am passionate about helping people heal from their traumas and thrive. I have lived experience with complex trauma, anxiety, and depression; which helps me be more understanding, compassionate, and empathetic. My goal is to help you be the healthiest you that you can be. If you are experiencing barriers or challenges to achieving this, my aim is to provide you with the needed support and professional expertise to help you overcome them.
As a survivor of long-term childhood abuse, I am passionate about helping people heal from their traumas and thrive. I have lived experience with complex trauma, anxiety, and depression; which helps me be more understanding, compassionate, and empathetic. My goal is to help you be the healthiest you that you can be. If you are experiencing barriers or challenges to achieving this, my aim is to provide you with the needed support and professional expertise to help you overcome them.
(971) 298-3935 View (971) 298-3935
Photo of Olivia Torres Sprauer, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Olivia Torres Sprauer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97239
Not accepting new clients
Psychotherapy, when undertaken with a trusted professional, can aid in understanding and resolving distressing symptoms, processing and integrating traumatic experience, and improving and deepening your relationships. I work with adults and couples to develop novel, nuanced understandings of symptoms and patterns in their lives to effect lasting change.
Psychotherapy, when undertaken with a trusted professional, can aid in understanding and resolving distressing symptoms, processing and integrating traumatic experience, and improving and deepening your relationships. I work with adults and couples to develop novel, nuanced understandings of symptoms and patterns in their lives to effect lasting change.
(503) 395-3929 View (503) 395-3929
Photo of Erica Ochsenreither, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Erica Ochsenreither
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97222  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about providing a warm, collaborative, empathetic space with opportunity for embodied healing. I will support you in weaving together thoughts, feelings, sensations, and beliefs in a safe and supportive relationship, deepening your awareness and, at times, challenging you toward your potential. I serve those struggling with depression, anxiety, navigating the effects of acute and/or complex trauma, those seeking to deepen their relationship with their body, and those desiring to change the way they show up in relationships. Come as you are, to a soft place to land, where you can feel wholeheartedly human.
I am passionate about providing a warm, collaborative, empathetic space with opportunity for embodied healing. I will support you in weaving together thoughts, feelings, sensations, and beliefs in a safe and supportive relationship, deepening your awareness and, at times, challenging you toward your potential. I serve those struggling with depression, anxiety, navigating the effects of acute and/or complex trauma, those seeking to deepen their relationship with their body, and those desiring to change the way they show up in relationships. Come as you are, to a soft place to land, where you can feel wholeheartedly human.
(503) 468-4589 View (503) 468-4589
Photo of Misty Bottorff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Misty Bottorff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97203  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with diverse populations and providing a safe place for all. I am trauma-informed and come from a strengths-based approach, using a variety of modalities including Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and solution-focused therapy. I am honored to work with individuals who trust me with their stories and enjoy walking alongside my clients as they go through the therapeutic process.
I enjoy working with diverse populations and providing a safe place for all. I am trauma-informed and come from a strengths-based approach, using a variety of modalities including Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and solution-focused therapy. I am honored to work with individuals who trust me with their stories and enjoy walking alongside my clients as they go through the therapeutic process.
(971) 257-1605 View (971) 257-1605
Photo of Maura D Sullivan, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Maura D Sullivan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232
Welcome to my practice! The goal of my work is to assist you in better understanding aspects of yourself in a safe and supportive environment. I work from a whole person relational approach, which means that I believe our early relationships, and our core thoughts and behaviors influence our current relationships and functioning. I believe that therapy can lead to powerful change and shifts that will help you take advantage of in the words of Mary Oliver “your one wild and precious life.”
Welcome to my practice! The goal of my work is to assist you in better understanding aspects of yourself in a safe and supportive environment. I work from a whole person relational approach, which means that I believe our early relationships, and our core thoughts and behaviors influence our current relationships and functioning. I believe that therapy can lead to powerful change and shifts that will help you take advantage of in the words of Mary Oliver “your one wild and precious life.”
(503) 744-6799 View (503) 744-6799
Photo of Alexandria Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Portland, OR
Alexandria Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97209  (Online Only)
Welcome. My name is Alexandria (she/her). I help people repair relationships, connect back to the body, and nurture a love of self. The way we do all these things is through story-making. First we will uncover what stories you tell about yourself, then we seek out a version that is empowering, liberating, and true. I believe that all humans are storytellers by nature, and I invite you to write a story that promotes your self-discovery and growth. We will work to understand how your family of origin and cultural influences shape you, freeing you to choose how you show up in the world.
Welcome. My name is Alexandria (she/her). I help people repair relationships, connect back to the body, and nurture a love of self. The way we do all these things is through story-making. First we will uncover what stories you tell about yourself, then we seek out a version that is empowering, liberating, and true. I believe that all humans are storytellers by nature, and I invite you to write a story that promotes your self-discovery and growth. We will work to understand how your family of origin and cultural influences shape you, freeing you to choose how you show up in the world.
(971) 206-3566 View (971) 206-3566
Photo of Elizabeth A Anderson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Elizabeth A Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA, CGCI
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
Sometimes we just need someone to hear us. We have the answers, we may just need the guidance to uncover our path. Other times we need support as we consider our choices and reflect on our challenges. I believe that the relationship we build together is the most important part of trusting the therapeutic process.
Sometimes we just need someone to hear us. We have the answers, we may just need the guidance to uncover our path. Other times we need support as we consider our choices and reflect on our challenges. I believe that the relationship we build together is the most important part of trusting the therapeutic process.
(971) 251-2230 View (971) 251-2230
Photo of Steph Bayne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Steph Bayne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RDT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97215
Not accepting new clients
I respect the complexity of human nature and human needs and strive to guide adults, children, and families through difficult issues by tailoring treatment plans to address individuals’ needs. I recognize and respect cultural differences and support the growth of children to enhance their emotional awareness which I believe results in healthier, safer communities. I employ an eclectic approach to therapy with a strong reliance on attachment theory. My primary modalities in therapy are play therapy and a form of drama therapy in which embodiment, playfulness, and relationship are key features.
I respect the complexity of human nature and human needs and strive to guide adults, children, and families through difficult issues by tailoring treatment plans to address individuals’ needs. I recognize and respect cultural differences and support the growth of children to enhance their emotional awareness which I believe results in healthier, safer communities. I employ an eclectic approach to therapy with a strong reliance on attachment theory. My primary modalities in therapy are play therapy and a form of drama therapy in which embodiment, playfulness, and relationship are key features.
(503) 852-2689 View (503) 852-2689
Photo of Michelle van Ryn, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Michelle van Ryn, PhD, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97236  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I may a good fit for you if you are looking for acceptance, insight, guidance and therapeutic advice for struggles with any of the following: stress, anxiety, trauma, sexual problems or concerns, relationship issues, stress connected to experiences of discrimination or marginalization, or general life challenges.I specialize in, but am not limited to, clients who are in academia (faculty, researchers), health care (physicians, etc) and law (attorneys).I have a deep interest and training relationship and sex therapy, trauma, anxiety, and the social/ emotional issues faced by intellectually gifted adults. NOTE: I am licensed in MN.
I may a good fit for you if you are looking for acceptance, insight, guidance and therapeutic advice for struggles with any of the following: stress, anxiety, trauma, sexual problems or concerns, relationship issues, stress connected to experiences of discrimination or marginalization, or general life challenges.I specialize in, but am not limited to, clients who are in academia (faculty, researchers), health care (physicians, etc) and law (attorneys).I have a deep interest and training relationship and sex therapy, trauma, anxiety, and the social/ emotional issues faced by intellectually gifted adults. NOTE: I am licensed in MN.
(612) 324-4329 View (612) 324-4329
Photo of Kathy Reicker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Kathy Reicker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97210
I am a highly trained psychotherapist and psychoanalyst and I treat adolescents and adults who are struggling with difficulties in living, including depression, anxiety, self esteem, identity, sexual functioning, and career and parenting issues. If you feel lost, alone, worthless, or directionless, I can be of help. Psychotherapy or talk therapy is a collaborative process where we work to identify, explore and change repetitive patterns that may keep you stuck or unfulfilled whether in work, relationships, or life in general. Therapy can help you develop capacities, master traumas, resolve conflicts, gain clarity and perspective and lead a more fulfilling life.
I am a highly trained psychotherapist and psychoanalyst and I treat adolescents and adults who are struggling with difficulties in living, including depression, anxiety, self esteem, identity, sexual functioning, and career and parenting issues. If you feel lost, alone, worthless, or directionless, I can be of help. Psychotherapy or talk therapy is a collaborative process where we work to identify, explore and change repetitive patterns that may keep you stuck or unfulfilled whether in work, relationships, or life in general. Therapy can help you develop capacities, master traumas, resolve conflicts, gain clarity and perspective and lead a more fulfilling life.
(503) 388-5939 View (503) 388-5939
Photo of Dori Kuehn, Somatic Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Dori Kuehn, Somatic Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CHT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Not accepting new clients
I support my clients in weathering life's storms and in discovering the goodness and tenderness that we all possess inside ourselves. I work from a mindfulness-based practice of "being with what is," while teaching clients how to utilize their body as an ally in their healing journey. As a Certified Hakomi Therapist and PACT trained couple therapist I provide counseling for individuals, couples and adult clients and their parents. My approach to counseling is experiential, emotionally focused, somatic, and person-centered. I utilize somatic ways of working with trauma and attachment issues.
I support my clients in weathering life's storms and in discovering the goodness and tenderness that we all possess inside ourselves. I work from a mindfulness-based practice of "being with what is," while teaching clients how to utilize their body as an ally in their healing journey. As a Certified Hakomi Therapist and PACT trained couple therapist I provide counseling for individuals, couples and adult clients and their parents. My approach to counseling is experiential, emotionally focused, somatic, and person-centered. I utilize somatic ways of working with trauma and attachment issues.
(503) 506-4783 View (503) 506-4783

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.