Therapists in Columbus, OH

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Photo of Costenah Ward, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Costenah Ward
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
My ideal client is prepared to initiate changes in their life to promote wellness. They are prepared to process internal and external contributors to their mood, discuss options for improvement, and practice healthier skills that will assist in achieving their personal goals. My ideal client is internally motivated and desires emotional balance from concerns such as anxiety, depression, impaired self-esteem, trauma, and interpersonal conflict. They arrive to treatment with goals in mind, and will actively work to experience relief of distressing symptoms.
My ideal client is prepared to initiate changes in their life to promote wellness. They are prepared to process internal and external contributors to their mood, discuss options for improvement, and practice healthier skills that will assist in achieving their personal goals. My ideal client is internally motivated and desires emotional balance from concerns such as anxiety, depression, impaired self-esteem, trauma, and interpersonal conflict. They arrive to treatment with goals in mind, and will actively work to experience relief of distressing symptoms.
(614) 763-6029 View (614) 763-6029
Photo of Sarah L Sparhawk, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Sarah L Sparhawk
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235
In addition to working on social skills and behavior management with clients and their families, Sarah has extensive experience using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, art therapy and play therapy to help children who've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Empowering children to navigate the every day stressors that accompany mental health issues is Sarah's priority.
In addition to working on social skills and behavior management with clients and their families, Sarah has extensive experience using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, art therapy and play therapy to help children who've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Empowering children to navigate the every day stressors that accompany mental health issues is Sarah's priority.
(614) 412-9798 View (614) 412-9798
Photo of Barb Moore, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Barb Moore
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
We face many challenges throughout our lives. These challenges can either positively or negatively impact how we navigate our life journey. Either way, the challenges that we face can influence our emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. I believe that it is important to come alongside clients on the journey to healing and self-awareness so that they can better navigate the challenges of life.
We face many challenges throughout our lives. These challenges can either positively or negatively impact how we navigate our life journey. Either way, the challenges that we face can influence our emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. I believe that it is important to come alongside clients on the journey to healing and self-awareness so that they can better navigate the challenges of life.
(614) 660-8067 View (614) 660-8067
Photo of Priscilla A White, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Priscilla A White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43206
I know personally how the demands of life can be overwhelming - mentally, physically, and spiritually. Despite my own emotionally-devasting life experiences, I have overcome. I can now use those experiences to connect with, engage, and counsel others to overcome. Through it all I have a passion for “helping hurting people heal.” I have experience with counseling couples and individuals with depression and anxiety, panic attacks and panic disorder, anger management, trauma and PTSD. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
I know personally how the demands of life can be overwhelming - mentally, physically, and spiritually. Despite my own emotionally-devasting life experiences, I have overcome. I can now use those experiences to connect with, engage, and counsel others to overcome. Through it all I have a passion for “helping hurting people heal.” I have experience with counseling couples and individuals with depression and anxiety, panic attacks and panic disorder, anger management, trauma and PTSD. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
(614) 368-0190 View (614) 368-0190
Photo of Jodi Attar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Jodi Attar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43219
I believe that we all have the capacity to grow towards becoming better versions of ourselves. I work collaboratively and systemically with individuals, couples, and families to help them achieve their desired goals for treatment. I also place great emphasis on developing a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients. For adolescents struggling academically or in their interpersonal lives, I work to help them identify how they can get back to being their best selves. For families and couples feeling "stuck" in old patterns of behavior, our work can help you find new ways of relating towards more fulfillment in the relationship.
I believe that we all have the capacity to grow towards becoming better versions of ourselves. I work collaboratively and systemically with individuals, couples, and families to help them achieve their desired goals for treatment. I also place great emphasis on developing a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients. For adolescents struggling academically or in their interpersonal lives, I work to help them identify how they can get back to being their best selves. For families and couples feeling "stuck" in old patterns of behavior, our work can help you find new ways of relating towards more fulfillment in the relationship.
(380) 207-1361 View (380) 207-1361
Photo of Karla Lebron-Rivera Spanish-English, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Karla Lebron-Rivera Spanish-English
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43213  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients (evenings and weekends). I know that finding the right therapist could be overwhelming, but allow me to help you in this process that is very important for you. I believe that the connection and collaboration with your therapist is one important piece in a good therapeutic alliance. It is important for me that you feel heard and that you can work toward your personal goals. I am a Bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist offering teletherapy for teens and adults. I work with people that are experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, life transitions, low self esteem and grief.
Currently accepting new clients (evenings and weekends). I know that finding the right therapist could be overwhelming, but allow me to help you in this process that is very important for you. I believe that the connection and collaboration with your therapist is one important piece in a good therapeutic alliance. It is important for me that you feel heard and that you can work toward your personal goals. I am a Bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist offering teletherapy for teens and adults. I work with people that are experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, life transitions, low self esteem and grief.
(614) 881-4365 View (614) 881-4365
Photo of Amber Furness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Amber Furness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
Do you find yourself constantly thinking about the future or the past, procrastinating issues in the present, and often feel like you're unable to live in the moment? Trauma, anxiety, and depression can be a great burden on our mental and physical well being. Through training and experience, I’ve learned that our brain and body have an innate ability to heal and recover. It is possible to find peace and feel more confident in who you are. I look at therapy as an opportunity for transformation. To improve your understanding and relationship with yourself and others.
Do you find yourself constantly thinking about the future or the past, procrastinating issues in the present, and often feel like you're unable to live in the moment? Trauma, anxiety, and depression can be a great burden on our mental and physical well being. Through training and experience, I’ve learned that our brain and body have an innate ability to heal and recover. It is possible to find peace and feel more confident in who you are. I look at therapy as an opportunity for transformation. To improve your understanding and relationship with yourself and others.
(614) 660-5312 View (614) 660-5312
Photo of Customized Behavioral Healthcare, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Customized Behavioral Healthcare
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
“I love what I do. I love being able to help those in either need or those seeking help to better their lives. I believe each individual is unique and created with a purpose. I see my goal as helping each individual discover his or her purpose while embracing his or her individuality. I have learned to utilize my experiences as an African-American, husband, father, social worker, soccer coach and friend in assisting each individual I work with to become all their meant to be.”
“I love what I do. I love being able to help those in either need or those seeking help to better their lives. I believe each individual is unique and created with a purpose. I see my goal as helping each individual discover his or her purpose while embracing his or her individuality. I have learned to utilize my experiences as an African-American, husband, father, social worker, soccer coach and friend in assisting each individual I work with to become all their meant to be.”
(380) 212-2696 View (380) 212-2696
Photo of Britt Butler, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbus, OH
Britt Butler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214
I can help you to recognize patterns in your thoughts and actions that contribute to feeling distressed and help you to change those patterns. We will work together to identify both your challenges and your strengths. I am a clinician who is transparent, creative, collaborative, caring, and persistent.
I can help you to recognize patterns in your thoughts and actions that contribute to feeling distressed and help you to change those patterns. We will work together to identify both your challenges and your strengths. I am a clinician who is transparent, creative, collaborative, caring, and persistent.
(740) 499-7159 View (740) 499-7159
Photo of Eric L Sullivan, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Eric L Sullivan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43206
VISIT: www.smartertherapy.me - Are you motivated to overcome depression or anxiety? Improve your romantic partnership or marriage? Many studies show that therapy is effective for most people, most of the time when therapists use research supported techniques. I exclusively use research based techniques that have helped many people. Not all therapists use them because it requires effort and money. Quality matters so I put in the work for you. There is hope for feeling better! An old proverb says that a journey of 1,000 miles starts with a single step. Take the first step to feeling better by calling or emailing today!
VISIT: www.smartertherapy.me - Are you motivated to overcome depression or anxiety? Improve your romantic partnership or marriage? Many studies show that therapy is effective for most people, most of the time when therapists use research supported techniques. I exclusively use research based techniques that have helped many people. Not all therapists use them because it requires effort and money. Quality matters so I put in the work for you. There is hope for feeling better! An old proverb says that a journey of 1,000 miles starts with a single step. Take the first step to feeling better by calling or emailing today!
(740) 279-1697 View (740) 279-1697
Photo of Emily K Kirby, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Emily K Kirby
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Waitlist for new clients
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
(614) 389-9138 View (614) 389-9138
Photo of Tiffany Pressley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Tiffany Pressley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43207
Welcome! Making the decision to seek support is incredibly brave, and I commend you for taking this step towards healing. You may be feeling overwhelmed, lost, or uncertain about where to turn - rest assured, you're not alone. Whether it's battling with cultural expectations, societal pressures, or personal hardships, I'm here to provide a safe space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. I believe in meeting you where you are and honoring your journey towards healing. Together, we'll work at your pace, exploring your experiences and gently challenging you when needed.
Welcome! Making the decision to seek support is incredibly brave, and I commend you for taking this step towards healing. You may be feeling overwhelmed, lost, or uncertain about where to turn - rest assured, you're not alone. Whether it's battling with cultural expectations, societal pressures, or personal hardships, I'm here to provide a safe space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. I believe in meeting you where you are and honoring your journey towards healing. Together, we'll work at your pace, exploring your experiences and gently challenging you when needed.
(614) 285-7803 View (614) 285-7803
Photo of E. Sterling Boyadzhiev, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
E. Sterling Boyadzhiev
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214
Not accepting new clients
Come as you are. You are welcome here. I believe in the power of safe, supportive relationships as a vessel where healing can occur. I recognize that personal growth can be challenging, and I'm passionate about helping individuals embark on this journey. We will work together to identify the goals that are most important to you, and I will support you in your process. I will offer you trust, acceptance, and a space of non-judgment where you can pursue your most authentic life.
Come as you are. You are welcome here. I believe in the power of safe, supportive relationships as a vessel where healing can occur. I recognize that personal growth can be challenging, and I'm passionate about helping individuals embark on this journey. We will work together to identify the goals that are most important to you, and I will support you in your process. I will offer you trust, acceptance, and a space of non-judgment where you can pursue your most authentic life.
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Photo of Lisa Pringle, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Lisa Pringle
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212  (Online Only)
Lisa Pringle is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Coach with over 20 years of experience working in community-based mental health and corporate America. She has worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in counseling and coaching settings and is well-versed in a variety of treatment and therapeutic modalities. Lisa has worked with a diverse population throughout her career and has experience treating a broad range of issues including anxiety, depression, adjustment, relationship concerns, conflict/anger management, career and job performance, self-esteem, and self-awareness.
Lisa Pringle is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Coach with over 20 years of experience working in community-based mental health and corporate America. She has worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in counseling and coaching settings and is well-versed in a variety of treatment and therapeutic modalities. Lisa has worked with a diverse population throughout her career and has experience treating a broad range of issues including anxiety, depression, adjustment, relationship concerns, conflict/anger management, career and job performance, self-esteem, and self-awareness.
(380) 212-2051 View (380) 212-2051
Photo of Therese M Grieco, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Therese M Grieco
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214
Life is hard AND there is hope! As my clients work through their issues/concerns, whether it be grief/loss, struggles in their relationships - both romantic and platonic, and/or postpartum hurdles, it is a joy and honor to walk alongside them and show them that hope.
Life is hard AND there is hope! As my clients work through their issues/concerns, whether it be grief/loss, struggles in their relationships - both romantic and platonic, and/or postpartum hurdles, it is a joy and honor to walk alongside them and show them that hope.
(614) 825-3979 View (614) 825-3979
Photo of Hannah Bisig, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Hannah Bisig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Hi, my name is Hannah Bisig (pronouns: she/her) and I look forward to working with you! I believe you hold the unique ability to overcome life’s challenges, and I’ll work to create a safe and authentic space where we can foster your healing and self-compassion. Our goal will be to achieve a space where you can love yourself and life much more fully.
Hi, my name is Hannah Bisig (pronouns: she/her) and I look forward to working with you! I believe you hold the unique ability to overcome life’s challenges, and I’ll work to create a safe and authentic space where we can foster your healing and self-compassion. Our goal will be to achieve a space where you can love yourself and life much more fully.
(614) 665-8709 x103 View (614) 665-8709 x103
Photo of Keera Wilmoth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Keera Wilmoth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235
Hey there, I'm Keera! You deserve a warm and inviting space to be authentically yourself without the fear of judgment. It is never too late to make a change in our lives to help us reach our goals. I believe that the opportunity to learn about and alongside clients is an incredible privilege, and I admire the decision to begin any healing journey. I work with clients with anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, depression, stress, and life transitions.
Hey there, I'm Keera! You deserve a warm and inviting space to be authentically yourself without the fear of judgment. It is never too late to make a change in our lives to help us reach our goals. I believe that the opportunity to learn about and alongside clients is an incredible privilege, and I admire the decision to begin any healing journey. I work with clients with anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, depression, stress, and life transitions.
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Photo of Megan McKee Shaffer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Megan McKee Shaffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43230
I am a licensed social worker with over 10 years of experience. I received my bachelor’s in social work as well as my master's of education as in intervention specialist at Mount Vernon Nazarene University. I also obtained a master’s of social work from Case Western Reserve University. I recently worked in hospice to provide therapeutic intervention to families, individuals, and couples as they work through major life events. I have worked within the hospital systems for oncology, obstetrics, hospice, crisis, and as a case manager providing therapy for a range of complex needs.
I am a licensed social worker with over 10 years of experience. I received my bachelor’s in social work as well as my master's of education as in intervention specialist at Mount Vernon Nazarene University. I also obtained a master’s of social work from Case Western Reserve University. I recently worked in hospice to provide therapeutic intervention to families, individuals, and couples as they work through major life events. I have worked within the hospital systems for oncology, obstetrics, hospice, crisis, and as a case manager providing therapy for a range of complex needs.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025
Photo of Anna Brewer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Anna Brewer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43212  (Online Only)
Are you ever caught up in a cycle of endless scrolling on TikTok and find yourself on mental health TikTok? Maybe you watch those videos and start to wonder if you might be dealing with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues. It can all feel overwhelming, especially when you're always putting others first and feeling like you're stuck in a rut. The good news is that you're not alone in feeling this way. It's completely normal to want to find some relief and learn healthier coping mechanisms. You deserve to feel confident in yourself and take back control of your life. It's time to prioritizing you.
Are you ever caught up in a cycle of endless scrolling on TikTok and find yourself on mental health TikTok? Maybe you watch those videos and start to wonder if you might be dealing with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues. It can all feel overwhelming, especially when you're always putting others first and feeling like you're stuck in a rut. The good news is that you're not alone in feeling this way. It's completely normal to want to find some relief and learn healthier coping mechanisms. You deserve to feel confident in yourself and take back control of your life. It's time to prioritizing you.
(330) 583-4687 View (330) 583-4687
Photo of Charity Ritter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Charity Ritter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISWS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
Tired? Overwhelmed? Falling Apart? Worried God can't use you? Research has shown that ADHD is just as common in adult women as it is in young boys, but most women are misdiagnosed with depression, anxiety, or PMS. Less known characteristics of ADHD are, easily stressed, feeling you will never measure up, struggling to follow through, sleep trouble, relational conflict, emotional dysregulation, trouble remembering the moments in life that really matter, and many others. Maybe you don't have depression/anxiety/PMS. Maybe your brain works in a unique way that will thrive with a few changes to your thinking and your routine.
Tired? Overwhelmed? Falling Apart? Worried God can't use you? Research has shown that ADHD is just as common in adult women as it is in young boys, but most women are misdiagnosed with depression, anxiety, or PMS. Less known characteristics of ADHD are, easily stressed, feeling you will never measure up, struggling to follow through, sleep trouble, relational conflict, emotional dysregulation, trouble remembering the moments in life that really matter, and many others. Maybe you don't have depression/anxiety/PMS. Maybe your brain works in a unique way that will thrive with a few changes to your thinking and your routine.
(614) 541-8109 View (614) 541-8109

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbus, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbus, OH see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.