Therapists in Naperville, IL

Photo of Kayla Pape, Licensed Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Kayla Pape
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
Kayla Pape, LPC, teaches clients how to adapt, cope, and manage symptoms. She knows not everyone responds to every approach or intervention, so she's flexible in her sessions and focuses on finding the best treatment plan for results. Kayla supports both children and adults, but she especially enjoys play and art therapy for kids. She provides treatment for anxiety, behavioral issues, attention issues, trauma, grief, and more. In therapy, Kayla does not treat clients like they are broken and need to be fixed. She focuses on adaptive styles of coping and symptom management and teaches clients what to do when feeling their feelings.
Kayla Pape, LPC, teaches clients how to adapt, cope, and manage symptoms. She knows not everyone responds to every approach or intervention, so she's flexible in her sessions and focuses on finding the best treatment plan for results. Kayla supports both children and adults, but she especially enjoys play and art therapy for kids. She provides treatment for anxiety, behavioral issues, attention issues, trauma, grief, and more. In therapy, Kayla does not treat clients like they are broken and need to be fixed. She focuses on adaptive styles of coping and symptom management and teaches clients what to do when feeling their feelings.
(331) 207-9858 View (331) 207-9858
Photo of Jen Haughey-Couples And Individual Therapy, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Jen Haughey-Couples And Individual Therapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Are you feeling disconnected or misunderstood in your relationship? Or burned out and unsatisfied in your career? Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed and exhausted by your daily responsibilities? Maybe somewhere, along the way, you got "off-track" in your life, your relationship or your career. Perhaps you would like to understand this better and make a change. You may want help managing your stress and work/life balance. If so, I can help. Call or email me to schedule a free 15 minute phone consultation.
Are you feeling disconnected or misunderstood in your relationship? Or burned out and unsatisfied in your career? Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed and exhausted by your daily responsibilities? Maybe somewhere, along the way, you got "off-track" in your life, your relationship or your career. Perhaps you would like to understand this better and make a change. You may want help managing your stress and work/life balance. If so, I can help. Call or email me to schedule a free 15 minute phone consultation.
(331) 258-3938 View (331) 258-3938
Photo of Sarah Nourzad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Sarah Nourzad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Sarah Nourzad is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a decade of experience working with children and adolescents.  Sarah specializes in working with children on self-management skills, coping skills, peer related issues, school issues, and social skills. She has a great deal of experience with multiple disorders including ADHD, Anxiety, ODD, and Autism, among others.
Sarah Nourzad is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a decade of experience working with children and adolescents.  Sarah specializes in working with children on self-management skills, coping skills, peer related issues, school issues, and social skills. She has a great deal of experience with multiple disorders including ADHD, Anxiety, ODD, and Autism, among others.
(331) 246-1027 x240 View (331) 246-1027 x240
Photo of Denise Dougherty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Denise Dougherty
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and group settings. The clients I have worked with have struggled with eating disorders, self-injury, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. I work with my client on developing healthy coping skills, such as grounding and relaxation techniques, to help alleviate the stress brought on by triggering thoughts and situations. In addition, I work with my client on creating short term and long term goals to motivate and establish a strong sense of self.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and group settings. The clients I have worked with have struggled with eating disorders, self-injury, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. I work with my client on developing healthy coping skills, such as grounding and relaxation techniques, to help alleviate the stress brought on by triggering thoughts and situations. In addition, I work with my client on creating short term and long term goals to motivate and establish a strong sense of self.
(847) 242-2441 View (847) 242-2441
Photo of Traci Millar, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Traci Millar
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed, struggling with motivation and not sure how to cope with the uncomfortable feelings of depression, anxiety, and life stressors and changes? Are you looking to feel better and learn some strategies for coping and how to work with these thoughts and feelings, and increase motivation? These are all feelings I have experience working with. We will work together to address your concerns. I will assist you with identifying triggers, gain awareness, and develop coping strategies.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed, struggling with motivation and not sure how to cope with the uncomfortable feelings of depression, anxiety, and life stressors and changes? Are you looking to feel better and learn some strategies for coping and how to work with these thoughts and feelings, and increase motivation? These are all feelings I have experience working with. We will work together to address your concerns. I will assist you with identifying triggers, gain awareness, and develop coping strategies.
(847) 649-6373 View (847) 649-6373
Photo of Patricia Borela Jones, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Patricia Borela Jones
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60564  (Online Only)
I help my clients break through the obstacles that seem to be holding them back in life and alleviate suffering. I believe that everyone can find their true potential and live a fulfilled life despite their life circumstances. I help my clients learn and develop skills to manage stressors and overcome the barriers that are standing in the way of their life goals. I believe that my clients can develop a more compassionate way to understand and accept what they cannot change and focus on what they can change in order to live a life aligned with their true values, improving the quality of their life and the lives of their loved ones.
I help my clients break through the obstacles that seem to be holding them back in life and alleviate suffering. I believe that everyone can find their true potential and live a fulfilled life despite their life circumstances. I help my clients learn and develop skills to manage stressors and overcome the barriers that are standing in the way of their life goals. I believe that my clients can develop a more compassionate way to understand and accept what they cannot change and focus on what they can change in order to live a life aligned with their true values, improving the quality of their life and the lives of their loved ones.
(847) 718-8973 View (847) 718-8973
Photo of Lynwood Morriss, Marriage & Family Therapist in Naperville, IL
Lynwood Morriss
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
Lynwood Morriss, LMFT, has a passion for seeing individuals of all ages discover and release the untapped potential within them. He also has unique skills regarding issues of spirituality. Lynwood completed a two-year training program in Marriage and Family Therapy from the Family Institute of Chicago, a Master of Divinity from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and a Doctor of Ministry degree from Ashland Seminary. He comes with over 30 years of experience as a therapist in a variety of settings, serving an extraordinarily diverse clientele.
Lynwood Morriss, LMFT, has a passion for seeing individuals of all ages discover and release the untapped potential within them. He also has unique skills regarding issues of spirituality. Lynwood completed a two-year training program in Marriage and Family Therapy from the Family Institute of Chicago, a Master of Divinity from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and a Doctor of Ministry degree from Ashland Seminary. He comes with over 30 years of experience as a therapist in a variety of settings, serving an extraordinarily diverse clientele.
(331) 444-7572 View (331) 444-7572
Photo of Fox Valley Institute, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Fox Valley Institute
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Dr. Burke develops a therapeutic relationship with her clients by providing a safe and nurturing environment. She strives to be empathic and genuine so that clients feel empowered and supportive as they navigate life challenges and explore new methods for managing stressors effectively. Her style is compassionate, relaxed, and direct when necessary to guide clients to achieve personal growth.
Dr. Burke develops a therapeutic relationship with her clients by providing a safe and nurturing environment. She strives to be empathic and genuine so that clients feel empowered and supportive as they navigate life challenges and explore new methods for managing stressors effectively. Her style is compassionate, relaxed, and direct when necessary to guide clients to achieve personal growth.
(331) 249-4923 View (331) 249-4923
Photo of Lupe Blanco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Lupe Blanco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
¡Hola! My name is Lupe Blanco, I am a Bilingual, English/Spanish, Licensed Social Worker (LSW). I am a proud Latina, bridging the gap for access to culturally informed mental health services within our communities of color. My educational background includes a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and a Bachelor of Science in Human Services. I believe that at the core of a healthy therapeutic relationship acknowledging myself as a human first and a therapist second plays a key role. I take steps to create a safe space for clients to show up as their true authentic selves and feel comfortable opening up about their experiences.
¡Hola! My name is Lupe Blanco, I am a Bilingual, English/Spanish, Licensed Social Worker (LSW). I am a proud Latina, bridging the gap for access to culturally informed mental health services within our communities of color. My educational background includes a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and a Bachelor of Science in Human Services. I believe that at the core of a healthy therapeutic relationship acknowledging myself as a human first and a therapist second plays a key role. I take steps to create a safe space for clients to show up as their true authentic selves and feel comfortable opening up about their experiences.
(815) 597-0697 x923 View (815) 597-0697 x923
Photo of Kiara Landin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Naperville, IL
Kiara Landin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Kiara is a compassionate and dedicated trauma-informed clinician, focusing on adolescent and adult mental health disorders. Fluent in both English and Spanish, she embraces her bicultural background to provide inclusive therapy for individuals of diverse races, genders, and sexual orientations. With a commitment to holistic wellness, Kiara tailors her treatments to each client's unique needs, drawing from evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction, and a client-centered approach. She holds a Master of Social Work degree.
Kiara is a compassionate and dedicated trauma-informed clinician, focusing on adolescent and adult mental health disorders. Fluent in both English and Spanish, she embraces her bicultural background to provide inclusive therapy for individuals of diverse races, genders, and sexual orientations. With a commitment to holistic wellness, Kiara tailors her treatments to each client's unique needs, drawing from evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction, and a client-centered approach. She holds a Master of Social Work degree.
(331) 253-5077 View (331) 253-5077
Photo of Valerie Moreno-Tucker, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Valerie Moreno-Tucker
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LCPC, CRC, she/her
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60565
I recognize that entering into a counseling relationship takes both courage and trust & applaud you for taking the time to seek a therapist who is a good fit for your needs. Above all, I believe that Your Story Matters. Through an integration of person-centered and psychodynamic theories, I support adults in unpacking their unique stories in a meaningful way. I approach counseling from a collaborative lens that honors the complexity of identity (ethnicity, gender, disability, language, sexual orientation and any other factors that relate to an individual's personal, societal and cultural experiences).
I recognize that entering into a counseling relationship takes both courage and trust & applaud you for taking the time to seek a therapist who is a good fit for your needs. Above all, I believe that Your Story Matters. Through an integration of person-centered and psychodynamic theories, I support adults in unpacking their unique stories in a meaningful way. I approach counseling from a collaborative lens that honors the complexity of identity (ethnicity, gender, disability, language, sexual orientation and any other factors that relate to an individual's personal, societal and cultural experiences).
(331) 702-9306 View (331) 702-9306
Photo of David C Clinton, Counselor in Naperville, IL
David C Clinton
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
I have been in private practice for 14 years, during which I have worked with adolescents and adults sorting through a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues and spiritual struggles related to mental health.
I have been in private practice for 14 years, during which I have worked with adolescents and adults sorting through a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues and spiritual struggles related to mental health.
(630) 733-1962 View (630) 733-1962
Photo of Bailey Wiseman, Art Therapist in Naperville, IL
Bailey Wiseman
Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
I am a Board Certified Art Therapist and Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I practice through an Adlerian and person centered approach where I believe wholeheartedly that therapy is about the relationship and everyone is living their own unique life. This approach is client focused, meaning you are in charge of your therapeutic process, wherein self-discovery and acceptance are facilitated and used to gain personal growth and healing. In addition, I am a certified Trauma Informed Yoga Teacher, where the goal is to obtain skills in regulating your nervous system & regain connection to the body that so often becomes neglected.
I am a Board Certified Art Therapist and Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I practice through an Adlerian and person centered approach where I believe wholeheartedly that therapy is about the relationship and everyone is living their own unique life. This approach is client focused, meaning you are in charge of your therapeutic process, wherein self-discovery and acceptance are facilitated and used to gain personal growth and healing. In addition, I am a certified Trauma Informed Yoga Teacher, where the goal is to obtain skills in regulating your nervous system & regain connection to the body that so often becomes neglected.
(779) 218-9406 View (779) 218-9406
Photo of Alexis Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Alexis Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60564
Alexis Rodriguez is a Licensed Social Worker that specializes in anxiety and depression. She utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, operant conditioning, radical acceptance, reframing thoughts, music therapy, interpersonal therapy, positive affirmations, modeling emotional regulation and art therapy in her approach to clients. In combination with her interventions, she also applies an empathic, compassionate, and understanding style to her approach.
Alexis Rodriguez is a Licensed Social Worker that specializes in anxiety and depression. She utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, operant conditioning, radical acceptance, reframing thoughts, music therapy, interpersonal therapy, positive affirmations, modeling emotional regulation and art therapy in her approach to clients. In combination with her interventions, she also applies an empathic, compassionate, and understanding style to her approach.
(630) 593-7183 View (630) 593-7183
Photo of Carolyn Irrera, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Carolyn Irrera
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Carolyn has provided extensive individual and family therapy for over twenty years. As a therapist, Carolyn works diligently to bring compassion and guidance within a framework of structure, accountability, consistency, and stability for the clients she serves.
Carolyn has provided extensive individual and family therapy for over twenty years. As a therapist, Carolyn works diligently to bring compassion and guidance within a framework of structure, accountability, consistency, and stability for the clients she serves.
(331) 210-9638 x240 View (331) 210-9638 x240
Photo of John Sorce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
John Sorce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60540
Emotions are normal! The difference between feeling anxious or depressed lies in our interpretation of these emotions. I work with children, adolescents and adults for individual or couples counseling. I enjoy working with young people by helping them to understand emotions and what they mean. There are several therapeutic modalities I use including art therapy as a way to connect feelings to behaviors and sports metaphors for visualizing change. Through this process my clients increase self-control and self-esteem. My goal is to reveal the strengths individuals posses even if the current life situation may feel overwhelming.
Emotions are normal! The difference between feeling anxious or depressed lies in our interpretation of these emotions. I work with children, adolescents and adults for individual or couples counseling. I enjoy working with young people by helping them to understand emotions and what they mean. There are several therapeutic modalities I use including art therapy as a way to connect feelings to behaviors and sports metaphors for visualizing change. Through this process my clients increase self-control and self-esteem. My goal is to reveal the strengths individuals posses even if the current life situation may feel overwhelming.
(630) 480-4493 View (630) 480-4493
Photo of Jessica Ceska, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Jessica Ceska
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor and certified alcohol and drug counselor. I have been practicing for 10 years helping individuals, couples, and families with a broad range of issues at the residential, partial hospitalization, and outpatient levels. I earned my Bachelor's of Science in Psychology from the University of Illinois and my Master's in Clinical Counseling from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. I work with adolescents and adults. I specialize in substance abuse, addictions, mood disorders, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD/trauma, and self-harm behaviors.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor and certified alcohol and drug counselor. I have been practicing for 10 years helping individuals, couples, and families with a broad range of issues at the residential, partial hospitalization, and outpatient levels. I earned my Bachelor's of Science in Psychology from the University of Illinois and my Master's in Clinical Counseling from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. I work with adolescents and adults. I specialize in substance abuse, addictions, mood disorders, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD/trauma, and self-harm behaviors.
(331) 481-7507 View (331) 481-7507
Photo of Aaron M. Polsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Aaron M. Polsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
You've lost someone who is so much more than just “close” to you. You've lost part of who you are. That person was part of your past and supposed to be part of your future. That person is part of what has made your life worth living. You literally cannot imagine life without them. As you go through your days, you find yourself about to call or text them. You want to tell them what just happened to you. But, of course, you can’t. It’s not fair. It’s not right. The pain is unbearable. This is the hardest thing you’ve ever had to live through. And it seems like everyone else has moved on. You can never move on.
You've lost someone who is so much more than just “close” to you. You've lost part of who you are. That person was part of your past and supposed to be part of your future. That person is part of what has made your life worth living. You literally cannot imagine life without them. As you go through your days, you find yourself about to call or text them. You want to tell them what just happened to you. But, of course, you can’t. It’s not fair. It’s not right. The pain is unbearable. This is the hardest thing you’ve ever had to live through. And it seems like everyone else has moved on. You can never move on.
(331) 425-6466 View (331) 425-6466
Photo of Brooke M Ruxton, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Brooke M Ruxton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
As a psychologist, my goal is to help you better understand yourself, your relationships, and your experiences so that you can live your most authentic life. Through our work you may find acceptance, gain insight into patterns and behaviors in your life, recognize your strengths and create strategies and solutions for success. I believe you already have many of the tools you need; it is my job to help you discover them, build new skills, and apply them to your current life situation. Together, we will work to resolve concerns or to find the courage to create a new path forward.
As a psychologist, my goal is to help you better understand yourself, your relationships, and your experiences so that you can live your most authentic life. Through our work you may find acceptance, gain insight into patterns and behaviors in your life, recognize your strengths and create strategies and solutions for success. I believe you already have many of the tools you need; it is my job to help you discover them, build new skills, and apply them to your current life situation. Together, we will work to resolve concerns or to find the courage to create a new path forward.
(331) 225-1666 View (331) 225-1666
Photo of Suzanne W Keenon, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Suzanne W Keenon
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Suzanne is a skilled therapist experienced in helping individuals, couples and families navigate through challenging periods in their lives. Suzanne’s warm, accepting and interactive approach provides a safe place for growth and change. She draws on her genuine empathy, compassion, education and life experiences to make progress with her clients.
Suzanne is a skilled therapist experienced in helping individuals, couples and families navigate through challenging periods in their lives. Suzanne’s warm, accepting and interactive approach provides a safe place for growth and change. She draws on her genuine empathy, compassion, education and life experiences to make progress with her clients.
(630) 718-0717 x240 View (630) 718-0717 x240

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Naperville, IL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Naperville, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Naperville, IL see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Naperville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.