Therapists in Rochester, NY

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Photo of Meaghan Kathleen Barry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rochester, NY
Meaghan Kathleen Barry
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Meaghan Barry (she/her) earned her Master’s of Science in Mental Health Counseling from St. John Fisher University. Her person-centered counseling style and humanistic theoretical orientation mean that her clients can expect a clinician who constantly believes in them and their growth process. She has a warm, encouraging, and empathic approach. She regularly collaborates with client family members to create systems of support in her clients’ lives. Meaghan uses a multicultural lens and takes an affirming stance as an ally to LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC persons.
Meaghan Barry (she/her) earned her Master’s of Science in Mental Health Counseling from St. John Fisher University. Her person-centered counseling style and humanistic theoretical orientation mean that her clients can expect a clinician who constantly believes in them and their growth process. She has a warm, encouraging, and empathic approach. She regularly collaborates with client family members to create systems of support in her clients’ lives. Meaghan uses a multicultural lens and takes an affirming stance as an ally to LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC persons.
(585) 449-9178 View (585) 449-9178
Photo of Shannon Joy Barry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Shannon Joy Barry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I’m Shannon and I am honored to help people create the change they want in their lives. My clients often come to therapy because they are repeating patterns that are no longer working for them - both individually and in relationships. My job is to help you identify the patterns through a holistic lens, to better understand yourself and to give you ways to adjust and grow, while staying true to you.
Hi! I’m Shannon and I am honored to help people create the change they want in their lives. My clients often come to therapy because they are repeating patterns that are no longer working for them - both individually and in relationships. My job is to help you identify the patterns through a holistic lens, to better understand yourself and to give you ways to adjust and grow, while staying true to you.
(585) 252-5230 View (585) 252-5230
Photo of John M Aceto, Counselor in Rochester, NY
John M Aceto
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
At some point in life most of us experience feeling lost, frustrated, sad, or anxious. When it gets to the point where you feel immobile or stuck, that's when counseling can be helpful. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore feelings and thoughts that keep you bogged down. I can help you develop new coping strategies so when you're faced with difficult challenges, you have the tools to overcome them. Whether your needs are short or long term, I firmly believe that counseling can improve the quality of your life.
At some point in life most of us experience feeling lost, frustrated, sad, or anxious. When it gets to the point where you feel immobile or stuck, that's when counseling can be helpful. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore feelings and thoughts that keep you bogged down. I can help you develop new coping strategies so when you're faced with difficult challenges, you have the tools to overcome them. Whether your needs are short or long term, I firmly believe that counseling can improve the quality of your life.
(585) 502-1594 View (585) 502-1594
Photo of Carle Sue Boseman-Newton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Carle Sue Boseman-Newton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14609  (Online Only)
Are you constantly feeling worried or on edge, even when there's no clear reason to be? Maybe you find it hard to relax or have trouble sleeping because your mind is always racing with thoughts. Have you experienced something in your past that continues to haunt you? Even if the event happened a long time ago, it can still have a powerful impact on your life today. This can create difficulties in your relationships with friends and family. Managing all of life’s demands, change and life transitions can be overwhelming. Our sessions together will help you find balance, peace and calm.
Are you constantly feeling worried or on edge, even when there's no clear reason to be? Maybe you find it hard to relax or have trouble sleeping because your mind is always racing with thoughts. Have you experienced something in your past that continues to haunt you? Even if the event happened a long time ago, it can still have a powerful impact on your life today. This can create difficulties in your relationships with friends and family. Managing all of life’s demands, change and life transitions can be overwhelming. Our sessions together will help you find balance, peace and calm.
(585) 572-7383 View (585) 572-7383
Photo of Brittany Raczkiewicz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Brittany Raczkiewicz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CASAC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
I believe that every person can benefit from the support of a trusted helper. As we move through life and experience transitions, challenges and struggles, a person with tools, perspective, and confidence is well-equipped to move forward and to heal. While we cannot change what has happened to us, I believe in healing, growth and resilience. My clients present with a broad range of challenges and are ready to walk alongside a supportive therapist as they make changes in their lives, develop important skills and work towards becoming the best versions of themselves.
I believe that every person can benefit from the support of a trusted helper. As we move through life and experience transitions, challenges and struggles, a person with tools, perspective, and confidence is well-equipped to move forward and to heal. While we cannot change what has happened to us, I believe in healing, growth and resilience. My clients present with a broad range of challenges and are ready to walk alongside a supportive therapist as they make changes in their lives, develop important skills and work towards becoming the best versions of themselves.
(585) 540-1449 View (585) 540-1449
Photo of Marjorie A. Smith (Marj), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Marjorie A. Smith (Marj)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14610
If you are struggling to manage your daily life, or to function as you want to, I can walk with you and help you find your way. A fresh perspective, grounded in compassion and respect will help you break through the fog and heaviness that surrounds you; you can find new meaning and direction for your life. If you are "stuck" in grief from a loss, fighting depression, immobilized by anxiety, moving through a major life transition, or facing past trauma, I can help. If you need to talk things through in a safe environment, explore the why and what and how, make a plan to rebuild with new clarity, I can help.
If you are struggling to manage your daily life, or to function as you want to, I can walk with you and help you find your way. A fresh perspective, grounded in compassion and respect will help you break through the fog and heaviness that surrounds you; you can find new meaning and direction for your life. If you are "stuck" in grief from a loss, fighting depression, immobilized by anxiety, moving through a major life transition, or facing past trauma, I can help. If you need to talk things through in a safe environment, explore the why and what and how, make a plan to rebuild with new clarity, I can help.
(585) 728-4751 View (585) 728-4751
Photo of Emily Michalski, Art Therapist in Rochester, NY
Emily Michalski
Art Therapist, MS, LCAT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
Hello! My name is Emily, and I am a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapist in New York State. Difficult experiences in life can bring up feelings of shame, worthlessness, or lack of direction, and it can be hard to know what to do. With compassion and honesty, I will assist you in working your way through issues while identifying your core values and emotional needs. I am a creative and humanistic therapist, utilizing a mixture theoretical approaches to best meet your needs. I look forward to joining you on your journey to living a soulful life!
Hello! My name is Emily, and I am a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapist in New York State. Difficult experiences in life can bring up feelings of shame, worthlessness, or lack of direction, and it can be hard to know what to do. With compassion and honesty, I will assist you in working your way through issues while identifying your core values and emotional needs. I am a creative and humanistic therapist, utilizing a mixture theoretical approaches to best meet your needs. I look forward to joining you on your journey to living a soulful life!
(585) 534-3017 View (585) 534-3017
Photo of Brianna M Diaz, Psychologist in Rochester, NY
Brianna M Diaz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620
Welcome to your healing journey. My goal in providing therapy is to create a safe space for clients to better understand themselves, their relationships, and the world around them. I have a passion for destigmatizing and decolonizing mental health treatment, as I believe all people can benefit from an empathic, collaborative, and genuine therapeutic relationship.
Welcome to your healing journey. My goal in providing therapy is to create a safe space for clients to better understand themselves, their relationships, and the world around them. I have a passion for destigmatizing and decolonizing mental health treatment, as I believe all people can benefit from an empathic, collaborative, and genuine therapeutic relationship.
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Photo of Shannon Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Shannon Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
FYI: Limited daytime availability for new clients (May, 2024). Welcome! Therapy can offer you support when life presents challenges such as relationship concerns, illness, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, and other stressors. You are the expert in your life, and I will collaborate with you to help you identify what you want to change and gain insights about how to make progress toward your goals.
FYI: Limited daytime availability for new clients (May, 2024). Welcome! Therapy can offer you support when life presents challenges such as relationship concerns, illness, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, and other stressors. You are the expert in your life, and I will collaborate with you to help you identify what you want to change and gain insights about how to make progress toward your goals.
(585) 449-6894 View (585) 449-6894
Photo of Jenna Rivera in Rochester, NY
Jenna Rivera
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Being an adult is HARD! Hell, life, in general, can be challenging. Sometimes you are sad, anxious, or in the throes of an existential crisis. Other times stress and conflict consume your life. It's terrifying and often overwhelming to think you can't change it alone. You aren't sure when or how it got so bad, but you are sure you want to find a way out. You may struggle to make it through the day or breeze through pretending things are okay. Either way, it can no longer be ignored. You've become stagnant and want much more for your life.
Being an adult is HARD! Hell, life, in general, can be challenging. Sometimes you are sad, anxious, or in the throes of an existential crisis. Other times stress and conflict consume your life. It's terrifying and often overwhelming to think you can't change it alone. You aren't sure when or how it got so bad, but you are sure you want to find a way out. You may struggle to make it through the day or breeze through pretending things are okay. Either way, it can no longer be ignored. You've become stagnant and want much more for your life.
(585) 699-1876 View (585) 699-1876
Photo of Shelby B. Kibler, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Shelby B. Kibler
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14615
Shit has hit the fan and now you are left with the mess and while you are generally the one to help others, you are probably wondering where everybody goes when it's you who needs support. You may even start to wonder if you were kidding yourself to believe that you deserve to be helped the way you help others. Perhaps you are considering keeping quiet about your own struggles so you are not disappointed when others don't pull through for you. You have a right to your feelings, you deserve to be heard, and you deserve to heal as much as you help others heal. You can live your best life
Shit has hit the fan and now you are left with the mess and while you are generally the one to help others, you are probably wondering where everybody goes when it's you who needs support. You may even start to wonder if you were kidding yourself to believe that you deserve to be helped the way you help others. Perhaps you are considering keeping quiet about your own struggles so you are not disappointed when others don't pull through for you. You have a right to your feelings, you deserve to be heard, and you deserve to heal as much as you help others heal. You can live your best life
(585) 765-4398 View (585) 765-4398
Photo of Meghan Crough, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Meghan Crough
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
Life should be Better than it often is. You know that your life isn't quite where you want it to be. I am committed to helping you achieve high quality answers to your deepest questions. I work with individuals, couples and families to get what you truly want. My therapy is engaging, useful and a powerful support for positive change in your life. Some Testimonials: Just a note to say that you were such a breath of fresh air when I needed it most. I have totally enjoyed talking with you, so affirming and perspective adjusting. Thanks, Meghan! -KW
Life should be Better than it often is. You know that your life isn't quite where you want it to be. I am committed to helping you achieve high quality answers to your deepest questions. I work with individuals, couples and families to get what you truly want. My therapy is engaging, useful and a powerful support for positive change in your life. Some Testimonials: Just a note to say that you were such a breath of fresh air when I needed it most. I have totally enjoyed talking with you, so affirming and perspective adjusting. Thanks, Meghan! -KW
(585) 228-0386 View (585) 228-0386
Photo of Rachael Roddenbery, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Rachael Roddenbery
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
Therapy works when the relationship between the client and counselor is authentic and collaborative. I strive to foster a genuine dialogue with my clients where you can feel safe and heard. Through processing and challenging, I will help facilitate growth within yourself and your life. In my practice I use an integrative approach that tailors therapy to match what is best for the individual sitting across from me.
Therapy works when the relationship between the client and counselor is authentic and collaborative. I strive to foster a genuine dialogue with my clients where you can feel safe and heard. Through processing and challenging, I will help facilitate growth within yourself and your life. In my practice I use an integrative approach that tailors therapy to match what is best for the individual sitting across from me.
(585) 844-5536 View (585) 844-5536
Photo of Dr. Mary Z. MacLeod, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Dr. Mary Z. MacLeod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, CGP, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Waitlist for new clients
You have now taken a positive step on a path toward well-being and healing. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve present day challenges. If you're looking for guidance from an experienced clinician on this path toward healing, I look forward to working with you in achieving your goals. You don’t need to face challenges in your life alone and in silence. We all need support at some point. In addition , I am also a certified life coach. Saturday and Evening Hours available for your convenience.
You have now taken a positive step on a path toward well-being and healing. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve present day challenges. If you're looking for guidance from an experienced clinician on this path toward healing, I look forward to working with you in achieving your goals. You don’t need to face challenges in your life alone and in silence. We all need support at some point. In addition , I am also a certified life coach. Saturday and Evening Hours available for your convenience.
(585) 360-0426 View (585) 360-0426
Photo of Rick Locey, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Rick Locey, LCSW-R
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
Do you struggle with difficult emotions? Feel that something is missing? Unsatisfied with aspects of your life? Working together, I can help you learn to understand your feelings; untangle complicated emotions; increase positive experiences, improve communication and relationships; end cycles of depression and anxiety. Sometimes you feel the need or desire to initiate change. Other times change may present itself in a way that leaves you feeling that you have limited or no influence over your circumstances. I help people deal effectively with change.
Do you struggle with difficult emotions? Feel that something is missing? Unsatisfied with aspects of your life? Working together, I can help you learn to understand your feelings; untangle complicated emotions; increase positive experiences, improve communication and relationships; end cycles of depression and anxiety. Sometimes you feel the need or desire to initiate change. Other times change may present itself in a way that leaves you feeling that you have limited or no influence over your circumstances. I help people deal effectively with change.
(585) 312-0174 View (585) 312-0174
Photo of Sarah Reitkopp, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rochester, NY
Sarah Reitkopp
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LMHC-P
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
I work with individuals of all ages. I specialize in children, adolescents, and young adults. I have worked with issues such as depression, anxiety, school/college related issues, relationship issues, self-esteem/image, family conflict, self-harm, trauma, etc. I believe every person has their own unique world view. Counseling should be tailored to an individual’s specific needs. Rapport building, and collaboration with the client is essential as well as being culturally informed. I am empathic and nonjudgmental and offer a safe environment for all. Please note: I do not take insurance.
I work with individuals of all ages. I specialize in children, adolescents, and young adults. I have worked with issues such as depression, anxiety, school/college related issues, relationship issues, self-esteem/image, family conflict, self-harm, trauma, etc. I believe every person has their own unique world view. Counseling should be tailored to an individual’s specific needs. Rapport building, and collaboration with the client is essential as well as being culturally informed. I am empathic and nonjudgmental and offer a safe environment for all. Please note: I do not take insurance.
(585) 540-1528 View (585) 540-1528
Photo of Sherry Z Schwartz, Psychologist in Rochester, NY
Sherry Z Schwartz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
As a psychologist in private practice, I have the opportunity to work with people in order to optimize their emotional well-being. I work collaboratively with individuals to assist their identifying factors which have caused distress. Together we work to discover the obstacles to feeling better. We consider patterns that have developed over time to understand their adaptive benefits and maladaptive consequences. This approach provides opportunities to evaluate and to chart better ways to respond to life's challenges. I utilize a psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral approach with an emphasis on increasing awareness of one's reactions and experiences.
As a psychologist in private practice, I have the opportunity to work with people in order to optimize their emotional well-being. I work collaboratively with individuals to assist their identifying factors which have caused distress. Together we work to discover the obstacles to feeling better. We consider patterns that have developed over time to understand their adaptive benefits and maladaptive consequences. This approach provides opportunities to evaluate and to chart better ways to respond to life's challenges. I utilize a psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral approach with an emphasis on increasing awareness of one's reactions and experiences.
(585) 286-5384 View (585) 286-5384
Photo of Adrianna Beck, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Adrianna Beck
Counselor, LMHC, MS, BS, CASAC-T, KAP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14608  (Online Only)
Emotions can be overwhelming, confusing, and ultimately too much to sift through on our own. What do they all mean? What exactly am I feeling? Who can I turn to to help me navigate these feelings I have been sitting with for so long? This can feel so isolating and have us feeling like we do not deserve to reach out for the help we need. These big and confusing emotions we hold onto stop us from finding our true selves and unlocking our full potential. Leaning fully into who we are, feeling like we have more awareness of ourselves and the world around us, and growing to love the true person you are begins in this space.
Emotions can be overwhelming, confusing, and ultimately too much to sift through on our own. What do they all mean? What exactly am I feeling? Who can I turn to to help me navigate these feelings I have been sitting with for so long? This can feel so isolating and have us feeling like we do not deserve to reach out for the help we need. These big and confusing emotions we hold onto stop us from finding our true selves and unlocking our full potential. Leaning fully into who we are, feeling like we have more awareness of ourselves and the world around us, and growing to love the true person you are begins in this space.
(585) 440-3910 View (585) 440-3910
Photo of Lisa Cavallaro, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Lisa Cavallaro
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC, CASAC2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Do you feel stuck in unhealthy patterns? Are your relationships at work, family and friends in need of improvement? The feeling of being lost, frustrated, confused, sad and anxious can occur throughout life’s transitions. I provide a safe non-judgmental environment to explore these feelings and thoughts to help you develop new coping strategies. I have 20 years’ combined experience working in behavioral health clinics, private practice and case management in managed care. Areas of focus are the following: Work stress and communication challenges, life transitions, relationships, grief /loss and codependency.
Welcome! Do you feel stuck in unhealthy patterns? Are your relationships at work, family and friends in need of improvement? The feeling of being lost, frustrated, confused, sad and anxious can occur throughout life’s transitions. I provide a safe non-judgmental environment to explore these feelings and thoughts to help you develop new coping strategies. I have 20 years’ combined experience working in behavioral health clinics, private practice and case management in managed care. Areas of focus are the following: Work stress and communication challenges, life transitions, relationships, grief /loss and codependency.
(585) 378-4138 View (585) 378-4138
Photo of Amy Stephens Heutmaker in Rochester, NY
Amy Stephens Heutmaker
MHC-LP, MS, MBA
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14625
My practice focuses on individuals and families who are dealing with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and substance abuse. I have worked with individuals and their loved ones to explore what it means to live fully authentically in a world where that is not always valued.
My practice focuses on individuals and families who are dealing with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and substance abuse. I have worked with individuals and their loved ones to explore what it means to live fully authentically in a world where that is not always valued.
(585) 653-3997 View (585) 653-3997

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rochester, NY

800+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Rochester, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Rochester, NY see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rochester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.