Therapists in Toledo, OH

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Photo of Lynette Crow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Lynette Crow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
I believe that everyone has the power to heal. Experiences of our past negatively showing up in our present, difficult relationships, loss, and unexpected/unwanted change are painful but not rare. We are left to find ourselves again, rebuild, grieve, and find a new way to live. Through healing and connection, we are able to know deep within that we will be o.k. We can find peace and power within ourselves. We can create a new story. I would be honored to help.
I believe that everyone has the power to heal. Experiences of our past negatively showing up in our present, difficult relationships, loss, and unexpected/unwanted change are painful but not rare. We are left to find ourselves again, rebuild, grieve, and find a new way to live. Through healing and connection, we are able to know deep within that we will be o.k. We can find peace and power within ourselves. We can create a new story. I would be honored to help.
(419) 834-2223 View (419) 834-2223
Photo of Dana Michelle Neiding, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Dana Michelle Neiding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
Are feelings of anxiety and depression impacting your life and your well-being? Have life stressors impacted your personal relationships or ability to enjoy all that your life has to offer? Counseling can help you feel better, and there is hope to find the peace and growth that you are looking for. Dana is guided by the belief that successful therapeutic relationships are created with purpose, provide opportunities for deep healing, and can be faith-based or spiritual in nature. In Dana’s office, you will find acceptance, respect, and compassion to meet you where you are at each visit.
Are feelings of anxiety and depression impacting your life and your well-being? Have life stressors impacted your personal relationships or ability to enjoy all that your life has to offer? Counseling can help you feel better, and there is hope to find the peace and growth that you are looking for. Dana is guided by the belief that successful therapeutic relationships are created with purpose, provide opportunities for deep healing, and can be faith-based or spiritual in nature. In Dana’s office, you will find acceptance, respect, and compassion to meet you where you are at each visit.
(419) 871-4438 x2 View (419) 871-4438 x2
Photo of Jessica Napier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jessica Napier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals and couples seeking to find connection and steadiness in times of pain and uncertainty. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide a safe space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
I work with individuals and couples seeking to find connection and steadiness in times of pain and uncertainty. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide a safe space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
(419) 863-5561 View (419) 863-5561
Photo of Lisa Clair, Psychologist in Toledo, OH
Lisa Clair
Psychologist, M, Ed
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43615
Do you have a child who appears to be bright but who struggles academically? Does your child's behavior or inability to focus adversely affect learning or make life difficult at home? Does your child have a difficult time connecting socially with peers? If your child is experiencing any learning or behavioral problems at school or at home, then educational testing may be the first step in receiving the help he or she needs. I am an Ohio Board of Psychology and ODE licensed school psychologist specializing in the assessment of Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Autism, and ADHD.
Do you have a child who appears to be bright but who struggles academically? Does your child's behavior or inability to focus adversely affect learning or make life difficult at home? Does your child have a difficult time connecting socially with peers? If your child is experiencing any learning or behavioral problems at school or at home, then educational testing may be the first step in receiving the help he or she needs. I am an Ohio Board of Psychology and ODE licensed school psychologist specializing in the assessment of Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Autism, and ADHD.
(419) 617-4216 View (419) 617-4216
Photo of Courtney Howell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Courtney Howell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with children ages 5-16 years old, and I offer evening appointments. Whether your child is "acting out" at school or home, experiencing anxiety symptoms or panic attacks, exploring their identity or sexuality, or going through significant life changes, I would love to help them work through it! As adults, life has a way of presenting us with challenges that would seem nearly impossible to overcome. These factors impact our thoughts, feelings and often change our daily routines and behavior outside of our norm, making it difficult to find our internal peace. I have found these same adversities in kids.
I specialize in working with children ages 5-16 years old, and I offer evening appointments. Whether your child is "acting out" at school or home, experiencing anxiety symptoms or panic attacks, exploring their identity or sexuality, or going through significant life changes, I would love to help them work through it! As adults, life has a way of presenting us with challenges that would seem nearly impossible to overcome. These factors impact our thoughts, feelings and often change our daily routines and behavior outside of our norm, making it difficult to find our internal peace. I have found these same adversities in kids.
(419) 597-5528 View (419) 597-5528
Photo of Hannah Andrus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Hannah Andrus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
Hi! I'm Hannah (she/her). As a therapist, I like to think of our work together as a team. No issue or struggle is too small. I want you to be able to recognize and validate your experiences and feelings. We process, reflect, and brainstorm together to find the best possible outcome for you. My goal is to empower and encourage you to work toward your goals and trust yourself. I help you look at all the events in your life that add up to the unique person you have become. Every client is different, and we will identify your personal needs, wants, goals, and struggles, as well as how to start to overcome them.
Hi! I'm Hannah (she/her). As a therapist, I like to think of our work together as a team. No issue or struggle is too small. I want you to be able to recognize and validate your experiences and feelings. We process, reflect, and brainstorm together to find the best possible outcome for you. My goal is to empower and encourage you to work toward your goals and trust yourself. I help you look at all the events in your life that add up to the unique person you have become. Every client is different, and we will identify your personal needs, wants, goals, and struggles, as well as how to start to overcome them.
(419) 910-2633 View (419) 910-2633
Photo of Emily Ellis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toledo, OH
Emily Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPSP
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606
Life can be stressful and confusing. Emily believes that personal peace is gained through learning to listen to the needs of our minds and bodies and expressing those needs effectively. Through education and technique practice Emily aims to help clients manage challenging mental health symptoms that impact their lives. By creating a safe and reliable environment, Emily encourages clients learn the tools needed to explore their internal world and set personal goals. She is described as a calm, relatable, and empowering counselor who focuses on the goals of each individual.
Life can be stressful and confusing. Emily believes that personal peace is gained through learning to listen to the needs of our minds and bodies and expressing those needs effectively. Through education and technique practice Emily aims to help clients manage challenging mental health symptoms that impact their lives. By creating a safe and reliable environment, Emily encourages clients learn the tools needed to explore their internal world and set personal goals. She is described as a calm, relatable, and empowering counselor who focuses on the goals of each individual.
(419) 664-6460 View (419) 664-6460
Photo of Central Behavioral Healthcare Inc, Psychologist in Toledo, OH
Central Behavioral Healthcare Inc
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
Central Behavioral Healthcare is here for your counseling or assessment needs. Our practice includes doctoral level psychologists and master’s level social workers and therapists. Among our staff are experts in many outpatient specialties and services such as depression, anxiety, phobias, fears, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, family and couples, and forensic issues. The office is located in an office park in the western suburbs of Toledo in pleasant surroundings.
Central Behavioral Healthcare is here for your counseling or assessment needs. Our practice includes doctoral level psychologists and master’s level social workers and therapists. Among our staff are experts in many outpatient specialties and services such as depression, anxiety, phobias, fears, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, family and couples, and forensic issues. The office is located in an office park in the western suburbs of Toledo in pleasant surroundings.
(419) 777-3145 View (419) 777-3145
Photo of Katherine Boyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Katherine Boyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
I have experience working with children and adults suffering a variety of mental health issues such as, anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD, personality and mood disorders, relational conflicts, couples and family communication challenges, grief, and emotion regulation. When you and I are working together, I will give you sufficient time to express yourself so we both can better understand you. My hope is that when you first meet me you find me as attentive, compassionate, and friendly within a safe and private space where you can begin to heal. I focus on meeting you where you are and walk with you through the healing process.
I have experience working with children and adults suffering a variety of mental health issues such as, anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD, personality and mood disorders, relational conflicts, couples and family communication challenges, grief, and emotion regulation. When you and I are working together, I will give you sufficient time to express yourself so we both can better understand you. My hope is that when you first meet me you find me as attentive, compassionate, and friendly within a safe and private space where you can begin to heal. I focus on meeting you where you are and walk with you through the healing process.
(419) 963-3740 View (419) 963-3740
Photo of Stephanie J. Moldawsky, LPCC, LLC, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Stephanie J. Moldawsky, LPCC, LLC
Counselor, LPCC, LLC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43615
Life can be challenging. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or more, it may be time to reach out. I became a therapist due to my strong belief in the transformative power of therapy. My goal as a therapist is to help people better understand how they came to think, feel, and behave in ways that are not serving them well in order to then help them to actualize the change, growth, and healing that they want to see in order to lead more satisfying and deliberate lives. I work well with individuals who want to improve their lives and who are committed to the process.
Life can be challenging. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or more, it may be time to reach out. I became a therapist due to my strong belief in the transformative power of therapy. My goal as a therapist is to help people better understand how they came to think, feel, and behave in ways that are not serving them well in order to then help them to actualize the change, growth, and healing that they want to see in order to lead more satisfying and deliberate lives. I work well with individuals who want to improve their lives and who are committed to the process.
(419) 605-4573 View (419) 605-4573
Photo of Manzetta L Jackson, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Manzetta L Jackson
Counselor, PhD, MEd, PCC-S
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43615
Since attending therapy is an implicit admission of imperfections for most people, my approach to counseling is person-centered and collaborative. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, this approach allows clients to express their emotional reactions, develop more productive ways of dealing with feelings, and increase their levels of understanding and awareness. My counseling philosophy is to provide support, education, feedback and treatment that inspires clients to successfully take appropriate actions that will assist with solving their problems. Therapist qualities that I utilize include, but are not limited to, mutual respect, authenticity, genuineness, integrity, and the ability to empathize.
Since attending therapy is an implicit admission of imperfections for most people, my approach to counseling is person-centered and collaborative. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, this approach allows clients to express their emotional reactions, develop more productive ways of dealing with feelings, and increase their levels of understanding and awareness. My counseling philosophy is to provide support, education, feedback and treatment that inspires clients to successfully take appropriate actions that will assist with solving their problems. Therapist qualities that I utilize include, but are not limited to, mutual respect, authenticity, genuineness, integrity, and the ability to empathize.
(419) 419-3369 View (419) 419-3369
Photo of Sprott Health And Wellness, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Toledo, OH
Sprott Health And Wellness
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA-LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
I am currently working on a Doctorate in Marriage and Family Therapy at Northcentral University. I am a LPCC with a private practice. I am dedicated, My only goal is, my clients having the best Mental Health possible. I believe that life happens to everyone, coping with the curveballs, and disappointments of life will determine your quality of life. I'm here to assist and equip you with tools to navigate tough times, If your difficulty requires medication and therapy that is ok, it means you have great introspect and your life can be fulfilling with a little help. I am not the "Best" but I promise to do my "Best"!
I am currently working on a Doctorate in Marriage and Family Therapy at Northcentral University. I am a LPCC with a private practice. I am dedicated, My only goal is, my clients having the best Mental Health possible. I believe that life happens to everyone, coping with the curveballs, and disappointments of life will determine your quality of life. I'm here to assist and equip you with tools to navigate tough times, If your difficulty requires medication and therapy that is ok, it means you have great introspect and your life can be fulfilling with a little help. I am not the "Best" but I promise to do my "Best"!
(419) 273-6480 View (419) 273-6480
Photo of Kasandra L David, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Kasandra L David
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Not accepting new clients
Everyday life can be challenging. When internal and external resources are depleted our self-esteem, relationships, parenting skills, careers, and even faith can suffer. If you're hurting please don't wait to seek help. Amazing things can happen when you take the first step on your healing journey - email me today!
Everyday life can be challenging. When internal and external resources are depleted our self-esteem, relationships, parenting skills, careers, and even faith can suffer. If you're hurting please don't wait to seek help. Amazing things can happen when you take the first step on your healing journey - email me today!
(567) 298-6788 View (567) 298-6788
Photo of Tracey Warren, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Tracey Warren
Counselor, LPCC-S, LCDCIII
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
I am a clinician that specializes in treating those effected by trauma and complex trauma from children to adult ages. With this population, I utilize TF-CBT and EMDR. I am also skilled and trained in PCIT for those children ages 3-9. and families. I have a very diverse caseload which includes clients of various ages, family and couples counseling, as well stage of life transitions. I also have experience using DBT for the population of those suffering from personality disorders. It is my goal to improve the quality of life for all my clients.
I am a clinician that specializes in treating those effected by trauma and complex trauma from children to adult ages. With this population, I utilize TF-CBT and EMDR. I am also skilled and trained in PCIT for those children ages 3-9. and families. I have a very diverse caseload which includes clients of various ages, family and couples counseling, as well stage of life transitions. I also have experience using DBT for the population of those suffering from personality disorders. It is my goal to improve the quality of life for all my clients.
(419) 451-4487 View (419) 451-4487
Photo of Jason Smithers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jason Smithers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
I believe individuals have the ability to work through the toughest of situations and have the capacity to make the best decisions for themselves. Sometimes all we need is someone to help us verbally process all of our thoughts, feelings, and emotions. My goal is to act as a guide for people along their journey through life's ups and downs.
I believe individuals have the ability to work through the toughest of situations and have the capacity to make the best decisions for themselves. Sometimes all we need is someone to help us verbally process all of our thoughts, feelings, and emotions. My goal is to act as a guide for people along their journey through life's ups and downs.
(419) 780-3746 View (419) 780-3746
Photo of Jeanene Lynn Melquist, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jeanene Lynn Melquist
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43615
I believe in therapy. It can play a vital role in coming to terms with the past, living life in the present, and anticipating the future… We cannot erase a difficult history. But we can change our relationship to our pain, and we can identify the things within our control. I believe that self-understanding is key for making healthy changes... The importance of working to understanding ourselves cannot be stressed enough.
I believe in therapy. It can play a vital role in coming to terms with the past, living life in the present, and anticipating the future… We cannot erase a difficult history. But we can change our relationship to our pain, and we can identify the things within our control. I believe that self-understanding is key for making healthy changes... The importance of working to understanding ourselves cannot be stressed enough.
(419) 670-6546 View (419) 670-6546
Photo of Stephanie Souza, LISW, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Stephanie Souza, LISW, LICDC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LISW, LICDC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43611  (Online Only)
Life stressors, chronic illness, relationship struggles, and underlying trauma can often lead to anxiety, depression, overwhelm and distress. I believe we all do the best we can at any given moment; however, sometimes we all need additional support to help us re-engage our strength to tackle our emotional pain and heal. Therapy isn't about ridding ourselves of our human experience, but to help us be our best self in spite of it.
Life stressors, chronic illness, relationship struggles, and underlying trauma can often lead to anxiety, depression, overwhelm and distress. I believe we all do the best we can at any given moment; however, sometimes we all need additional support to help us re-engage our strength to tackle our emotional pain and heal. Therapy isn't about ridding ourselves of our human experience, but to help us be our best self in spite of it.
(419) 451-4895 View (419) 451-4895
Photo of Randisha Owensby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Randisha Owensby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MACJ, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606  (Online Only)
My main objective is to help you help yourself by offering hope, instilling confidence, and helping you discover your beauty from within. I am currently pursuing a doctorate in Social Foundations of Education. I am passionate about educating, empowering, and assisting women in reaching their fullest potential to discover and bring out the best versions of themselves. I have experience working with women who struggle with alcohol and drug addiction, self-esteem, and trauma-related issues. My specialty is domestic violence education and prevention.
My main objective is to help you help yourself by offering hope, instilling confidence, and helping you discover your beauty from within. I am currently pursuing a doctorate in Social Foundations of Education. I am passionate about educating, empowering, and assisting women in reaching their fullest potential to discover and bring out the best versions of themselves. I have experience working with women who struggle with alcohol and drug addiction, self-esteem, and trauma-related issues. My specialty is domestic violence education and prevention.
(419) 749-6345 View (419) 749-6345
Photo of Melanie Weast, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toledo, OH
Melanie Weast
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have clinical experience working with adult individuals experiencing varying levels of trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. My aim is to serve as an advocate for clients and foster an environment of empowerment. My goal is for client’s to increase their emotional and mental wellness while developing healthy coping skills. Each client’s experience is different, which requires a holistic view of identity intersection, cultural backgrounds, family history, and systemic influences. I strive to provide a safe non-judgmental environment that allows clients to comfortably share their thoughts
I have clinical experience working with adult individuals experiencing varying levels of trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. My aim is to serve as an advocate for clients and foster an environment of empowerment. My goal is for client’s to increase their emotional and mental wellness while developing healthy coping skills. Each client’s experience is different, which requires a holistic view of identity intersection, cultural backgrounds, family history, and systemic influences. I strive to provide a safe non-judgmental environment that allows clients to comfortably share their thoughts
(419) 863-2398 View (419) 863-2398
Photo of Jarrod Cunningham, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jarrod Cunningham
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Welcome! I'm Jarrod Cunningham, a compassionate licensed therapist dedicated to guiding individuals on their journey towards emotional well-being. With a background in college, community, and private practice counseling, I specialize in anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation. My approach is rooted in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based therapeutic modalities. Together, we can explore and navigate challenges to foster personal growth and resilience. I'm committed to creating a safe and supportive space where you can share, reflect, and work towards positive change. Let's embark on this therapeutic journey together.
Welcome! I'm Jarrod Cunningham, a compassionate licensed therapist dedicated to guiding individuals on their journey towards emotional well-being. With a background in college, community, and private practice counseling, I specialize in anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation. My approach is rooted in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based therapeutic modalities. Together, we can explore and navigate challenges to foster personal growth and resilience. I'm committed to creating a safe and supportive space where you can share, reflect, and work towards positive change. Let's embark on this therapeutic journey together.
(419) 845-8924 View (419) 845-8924

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Toledo, OH

300+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Toledo, OH who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Medical Mutual
73% Aetna
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Toledo, OH see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Toledo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.