Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Sam Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sam Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
(781) 417-5129 View (781) 417-5129
Photo of Nakia Linzie-Shavers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nakia Linzie-Shavers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
“Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass. It's about learning how to dance in the rain.” —Vivian Greene. There is one thing for certain, life will at times leave you feeling breathless and confused. How are you navigating through the issues of life that feel overwhelming? Do you feel like you are just surviving? Is just getting out of bed a struggle? You are making so much progress even reading this! Processing these life events can be the difference between striving and thriving. Let me help!
“Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass. It's about learning how to dance in the rain.” —Vivian Greene. There is one thing for certain, life will at times leave you feeling breathless and confused. How are you navigating through the issues of life that feel overwhelming? Do you feel like you are just surviving? Is just getting out of bed a struggle? You are making so much progress even reading this! Processing these life events can be the difference between striving and thriving. Let me help!
(510) 250-3581 View (510) 250-3581
Photo of Cara Frankel, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Cara Frankel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a clinical psychologist and have been working clinically with children, adolescents and families for 17 years. I am passionate about my work with children and adolescents. I believe that childhood is both a wonderful and an extremely challenging time. Through play, talk and family therapy I help children and families reach their potential for happy, productive and successful lives.
I am a clinical psychologist and have been working clinically with children, adolescents and families for 17 years. I am passionate about my work with children and adolescents. I believe that childhood is both a wonderful and an extremely challenging time. Through play, talk and family therapy I help children and families reach their potential for happy, productive and successful lives.
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Photo of Tamara Thebert, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Tamara Thebert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
Do negative thoughts, feelings, sensations, and habits cause you to overidentify with a limited sense of self? Do you need a psychospiritual therapist that is skillful in helping you use past and present experiences, including the most difficult or traumatic ones, in service to your evolution and spiritual awakening - without bypassing challenges or dwelling on an outdated version of yourself? I can help. I specialize in helping women recognize & amplify inner resources to recover from trauma, anxiety, stress, and distress while attending to the important relationships in their lives - within the context of awakening.
Do negative thoughts, feelings, sensations, and habits cause you to overidentify with a limited sense of self? Do you need a psychospiritual therapist that is skillful in helping you use past and present experiences, including the most difficult or traumatic ones, in service to your evolution and spiritual awakening - without bypassing challenges or dwelling on an outdated version of yourself? I can help. I specialize in helping women recognize & amplify inner resources to recover from trauma, anxiety, stress, and distress while attending to the important relationships in their lives - within the context of awakening.
(510) 573-7698 View (510) 573-7698
Photo of Nancy Perry, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Nancy Perry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
After a full career as a psychotherapist and Clinical Director of a nonprofit program that served adults on the autism spectrum, I am now working as an advocate for families with a loved one with disabilities on the spectrum.
After a full career as a psychotherapist and Clinical Director of a nonprofit program that served adults on the autism spectrum, I am now working as an advocate for families with a loved one with disabilities on the spectrum.
(510) 306-7568 View (510) 306-7568
Photo of Bill Roller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bill Roller
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with people who have been successful in their fields and yet have come to an impasse in how they think of themselves in terms of self esteem and self respect. The people I work with often question the significance of their lives and how loved they are by friends and family. These doubts often have their origin in their birth families and can be helped by an in-depth understanding of their role in their families.
I enjoy working with people who have been successful in their fields and yet have come to an impasse in how they think of themselves in terms of self esteem and self respect. The people I work with often question the significance of their lives and how loved they are by friends and family. These doubts often have their origin in their birth families and can be helped by an in-depth understanding of their role in their families.
(510) 359-5756 View (510) 359-5756
Photo of Anna Guha, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Anna Guha
Marriage & Family Therapist, Anna Guha, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I am a California Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with six years of clinical counseling experience. I have worked closely with individuals struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, chronic illness and relationship issues. I’ve helped people ranging in age from eight to eighty-six feel better about themselves and learn how to adapt and thrive in change. My therapeutic approach blends CBT and humanistic therapies with a existential stance.
I am a California Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with six years of clinical counseling experience. I have worked closely with individuals struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, chronic illness and relationship issues. I’ve helped people ranging in age from eight to eighty-six feel better about themselves and learn how to adapt and thrive in change. My therapeutic approach blends CBT and humanistic therapies with a existential stance.
(510) 330-5386 View (510) 330-5386
Photo of Bridgette Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bridgette Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Sucks to live with thoughts, feelings and beliefs that aren’t welcoming, hopeful or kind, doesn’t it? When that inner stream is clouded with shame, negativity or apathy, therapy can be a filter to clear out the toxins and make way for the new - the braver, the steadier, the integrated; the you that has the room and gumption to flourish. Getting acquainted with your badass, authentic self deserves your full attention, intention and compassion.
Sucks to live with thoughts, feelings and beliefs that aren’t welcoming, hopeful or kind, doesn’t it? When that inner stream is clouded with shame, negativity or apathy, therapy can be a filter to clear out the toxins and make way for the new - the braver, the steadier, the integrated; the you that has the room and gumption to flourish. Getting acquainted with your badass, authentic self deserves your full attention, intention and compassion.
(415) 952-6779 View (415) 952-6779
Photo of Jessica Nagel, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jessica Nagel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Dr. Nagel is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in anxiety, depression, parenting skills, stress and trauma. Her work is grounded in evidence-based treatment and she utilizes a collaborative and integrative approach to treatment. She received training in a number of evidence-based treatment approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and the application of Motivational Interviewing and CBT for the treatment of Substance Abuse.
Dr. Nagel is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in anxiety, depression, parenting skills, stress and trauma. Her work is grounded in evidence-based treatment and she utilizes a collaborative and integrative approach to treatment. She received training in a number of evidence-based treatment approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and the application of Motivational Interviewing and CBT for the treatment of Substance Abuse.
(628) 265-8325 View (628) 265-8325
Photo of Adrian Eric Scharfetter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Adrian Eric Scharfetter
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I am an AASECT Certified Sex Therapist. I work with low sexual desire, infidelity, mismatched desires and needs, erectile dysfunction, delayed or impaired orgasms, ejaculation concerns, LGBTQIA health or curiosity, sexual trauma, embarrassment and anxiety in regard to sex and sexuality. Exploring types of sexual behaviors, relationship configurations and non heteronormative expressions. Singles and couples who may be exploring or approaching issues in alternative relationships and alternative family structures, including ethical non-monogamy, polyamory, kink, living single, co-parenting, and chosen family.
I am an AASECT Certified Sex Therapist. I work with low sexual desire, infidelity, mismatched desires and needs, erectile dysfunction, delayed or impaired orgasms, ejaculation concerns, LGBTQIA health or curiosity, sexual trauma, embarrassment and anxiety in regard to sex and sexuality. Exploring types of sexual behaviors, relationship configurations and non heteronormative expressions. Singles and couples who may be exploring or approaching issues in alternative relationships and alternative family structures, including ethical non-monogamy, polyamory, kink, living single, co-parenting, and chosen family.
(916) 469-0790 View (916) 469-0790
Photo of Jessica L. Daily, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Jessica L. Daily
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
My commitment is to the practice of working with individuals to heal their whole system through a multidisciplinary and personalized approach by touching many aspects of one's life, including somatic, emotional, spiritual, and historical imprints. I believe that healing is an integral and whole experience unique to each individual's ecology. I am committed to exploring what makes us feel healthy, happy, and whole. I believe that we are intrinsically powerful beings with the capability to have radical healing experiences, enhance our lives with joy, to release trauma that affects us in our lifetime.
My commitment is to the practice of working with individuals to heal their whole system through a multidisciplinary and personalized approach by touching many aspects of one's life, including somatic, emotional, spiritual, and historical imprints. I believe that healing is an integral and whole experience unique to each individual's ecology. I am committed to exploring what makes us feel healthy, happy, and whole. I believe that we are intrinsically powerful beings with the capability to have radical healing experiences, enhance our lives with joy, to release trauma that affects us in our lifetime.
(341) 444-3394 View (341) 444-3394
Photo of Josephine Kelly, Pre-Licensed Professional in Berkeley, CA
Josephine Kelly
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Is acceptance even worth it if it means showing up inauthentically? How would your life change if you didn’t abandon parts of yourself to find belonging? As a queer & trans affirming, kink aware, and trauma-informed therapist I'll invite you to explore the depths of your inner world. I’ll sit with you and be a witness to your story, no matter how beautiful or horrifying. I want to hear what’s taboo, subversive and usually unspoken. I believe once you confront the fear that's holding you back you can finally figure out how to make the most of this wild and precious life.
Is acceptance even worth it if it means showing up inauthentically? How would your life change if you didn’t abandon parts of yourself to find belonging? As a queer & trans affirming, kink aware, and trauma-informed therapist I'll invite you to explore the depths of your inner world. I’ll sit with you and be a witness to your story, no matter how beautiful or horrifying. I want to hear what’s taboo, subversive and usually unspoken. I believe once you confront the fear that's holding you back you can finally figure out how to make the most of this wild and precious life.
(510) 983-7359 View (510) 983-7359
Photo of Callie Millington, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Berkeley, CA
Callie Millington
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94708  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. I work from an interpersonal, attachment-based, and family systems lens, informed by body awareness and mindfulness practices. I also use parts work, including IFS, to support clients to navigate challenging emotional states with compassion and intention.
I work with individuals and couples experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. I work from an interpersonal, attachment-based, and family systems lens, informed by body awareness and mindfulness practices. I also use parts work, including IFS, to support clients to navigate challenging emotional states with compassion and intention.
(415) 873-3364 View (415) 873-3364
Photo of Kendra F. Dunlap, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kendra F. Dunlap
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT, PPSC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Clients seeking my services are looking for a safe and supportive space where they can bring their authentic whole “self” and explore and discuss issues centered on intersectional oppressions, identity exploration, trauma exploration, managing anxiety and stress, depression reduction, relational and attachment struggles, managing imposter syndrome, improving self-esteem, increasing communications skills and learning to identify and set healthy boundaries.
Clients seeking my services are looking for a safe and supportive space where they can bring their authentic whole “self” and explore and discuss issues centered on intersectional oppressions, identity exploration, trauma exploration, managing anxiety and stress, depression reduction, relational and attachment struggles, managing imposter syndrome, improving self-esteem, increasing communications skills and learning to identify and set healthy boundaries.
(510) 944-1004 View (510) 944-1004
Photo of Tristan Destry Saldaña, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Tristan Destry Saldaña
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
Perhaps no one can ever inhabit fully the lived experience of another, nor would I presume that I could know it, yet our therapeutic relationship can—without disrespecting the integrity of your lived experience—present the opportunity to take your perspective. I hope to imagine your experience because, as Carl Jung articulates: “Loneliness does not come from having no people around you but from being unable to communicate the things that seem important to you," and in the memory of childhood’s loneliness and solitude, creative power resides.
Perhaps no one can ever inhabit fully the lived experience of another, nor would I presume that I could know it, yet our therapeutic relationship can—without disrespecting the integrity of your lived experience—present the opportunity to take your perspective. I hope to imagine your experience because, as Carl Jung articulates: “Loneliness does not come from having no people around you but from being unable to communicate the things that seem important to you," and in the memory of childhood’s loneliness and solitude, creative power resides.
(628) 214-7695 View (628) 214-7695
Photo of Claire Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Claire Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I love to come alongside women in their various seasons of life and work with them through depression, anxiety, relational conflict, eating disorder, past trauma, and women's issues. I also enjoy the lively dynamic of working with couples! It's been over 15 years since I started counseling and it's been a privilege seeing people work though difficulties.
I love to come alongside women in their various seasons of life and work with them through depression, anxiety, relational conflict, eating disorder, past trauma, and women's issues. I also enjoy the lively dynamic of working with couples! It's been over 15 years since I started counseling and it's been a privilege seeing people work though difficulties.
(341) 895-6297 View (341) 895-6297
Photo of Sheila Rubin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sheila Rubin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RDT, BCT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a leading authority on healing shame. I co-created the Healing Shame – Lyon/Rubin method and am the Co-Director of the Center for Healing Shame, a continuing education provider that offers workshops to therapists and other helping professionals. In my private practice, I developed therapy techniques integrating somatic and expressive processes to work with the all-pervasive shame and trauma that underlie toxic family dynamics, depression and eating disorders. I integrate Emotionally Focused Therapy and AEDP with Drama Therapy, Hakomi, Focusing and Expressive Arts. I work with the imposter syndrome and voracious inner critics.
I am a leading authority on healing shame. I co-created the Healing Shame – Lyon/Rubin method and am the Co-Director of the Center for Healing Shame, a continuing education provider that offers workshops to therapists and other helping professionals. In my private practice, I developed therapy techniques integrating somatic and expressive processes to work with the all-pervasive shame and trauma that underlie toxic family dynamics, depression and eating disorders. I integrate Emotionally Focused Therapy and AEDP with Drama Therapy, Hakomi, Focusing and Expressive Arts. I work with the imposter syndrome and voracious inner critics.
(415) 858-6869 View (415) 858-6869
Photo of Anna M Musco, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Anna M Musco
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
Damaged relationships with the world and our families can affect us deeply throughout our lives leaving us feeling isolated, uncomfortable in our bodies and generally unsafe. Our energy begins to decline along with our enthusiasm for life. Its confusing. We quietly stonewall everything and everyone while wishing for the right partner, right career and right friends. Feelings of insecurity, loneliness or shame can spiral into deep bouts of depression, acting out, despair and suicide. Prioritizing the needs of everyone else can lead to unhealthy behaviors and choices supplanting authenticity and joy, while swapping virtual reality for real relationships and happiness.
Damaged relationships with the world and our families can affect us deeply throughout our lives leaving us feeling isolated, uncomfortable in our bodies and generally unsafe. Our energy begins to decline along with our enthusiasm for life. Its confusing. We quietly stonewall everything and everyone while wishing for the right partner, right career and right friends. Feelings of insecurity, loneliness or shame can spiral into deep bouts of depression, acting out, despair and suicide. Prioritizing the needs of everyone else can lead to unhealthy behaviors and choices supplanting authenticity and joy, while swapping virtual reality for real relationships and happiness.
(510) 466-1346 View (510) 466-1346
Photo of Robert l Gorden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Robert l Gorden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
I am expert in cognitive behavioral therapy and have been a field instructor and guest lecturer for the graduate MSW program at U.C. Berkeley. I am most interested in treating depression, marital problems,work-related problems, family issues, health concerns,grief and panic attacks. I have maintained a private practice for over 20 years. I believe that being interactive and having a strong and caring connection with clients is essential to providing successful therapy. My style combines collaboration, empirical knowledge and humor. I specialize in working with physicians, nurses and other health care providers.
I am expert in cognitive behavioral therapy and have been a field instructor and guest lecturer for the graduate MSW program at U.C. Berkeley. I am most interested in treating depression, marital problems,work-related problems, family issues, health concerns,grief and panic attacks. I have maintained a private practice for over 20 years. I believe that being interactive and having a strong and caring connection with clients is essential to providing successful therapy. My style combines collaboration, empirical knowledge and humor. I specialize in working with physicians, nurses and other health care providers.
(510) 878-6174 View (510) 878-6174
Photo of Mark Farley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mark Farley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I offer a comforting and reassuring space where people can communicate openly and honestly about their current or past situations of concern. Trust and safety in the therapeutic experience are the on-ramps to self-exploration, discovery of strengths, and healing. Through supportive listening, validation, and compassion, great strides can be made in clearing obstacles. Navigating relationship challenges can be difficult as well but by learning and examining one's communication style, stresses of all kinds can begin to see relief.
I offer a comforting and reassuring space where people can communicate openly and honestly about their current or past situations of concern. Trust and safety in the therapeutic experience are the on-ramps to self-exploration, discovery of strengths, and healing. Through supportive listening, validation, and compassion, great strides can be made in clearing obstacles. Navigating relationship challenges can be difficult as well but by learning and examining one's communication style, stresses of all kinds can begin to see relief.
(341) 444-3886 View (341) 444-3886

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.