Therapists in Madison, WI

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Photo of Andy Clayton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Madison, WI
Andy Clayton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Drawing from Existential, Psychodynamic, and Psychoanalytic therapies, I believe that our emotional lives are as much informed by the world we live in as our personal histories. I start from the premise that you are a fully formed person with everything you need to live a meaningful life and achieve the presence we are all striving for. The power of connecting with one another through therapy is one of the forces that can give our lives meaning and it from this premise that I greet all of my individual clients and couples.
Drawing from Existential, Psychodynamic, and Psychoanalytic therapies, I believe that our emotional lives are as much informed by the world we live in as our personal histories. I start from the premise that you are a fully formed person with everything you need to live a meaningful life and achieve the presence we are all striving for. The power of connecting with one another through therapy is one of the forces that can give our lives meaning and it from this premise that I greet all of my individual clients and couples.
(608) 927-5817 View (608) 927-5817
Photo of J Campbell LCSW SC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
J Campbell LCSW SC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
I believe that psychotherapy is most effective when approached as a collaborative and relational process. I work with people seeking help with a variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, the effects of trauma, bipolar disorder, anger, and life transitions. I use a combination of approaches including psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have over twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents (age 13 and older). If you have any questions about working with me, please do not hesitate to contact me.
I believe that psychotherapy is most effective when approached as a collaborative and relational process. I work with people seeking help with a variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, the effects of trauma, bipolar disorder, anger, and life transitions. I use a combination of approaches including psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have over twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents (age 13 and older). If you have any questions about working with me, please do not hesitate to contact me.
(608) 200-2745 x105 View (608) 200-2745 x105
Photo of Samantha Juve, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Samantha Juve
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
Hello! I'm Samantha! I'm a licensed clinical social worker specializing in treating eating disorders. I have experience working in residential eating disorder treatment and outpatient mental health treatment. When I am not in the office I enjoy spending time with my family, therapy dog and my horses.
Hello! I'm Samantha! I'm a licensed clinical social worker specializing in treating eating disorders. I have experience working in residential eating disorder treatment and outpatient mental health treatment. When I am not in the office I enjoy spending time with my family, therapy dog and my horses.
(608) 960-3534 View (608) 960-3534
Photo of Katelyn (Katy) Grusecki, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Katelyn (Katy) Grusecki
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
Whether you are feeling “stuck” in general or have specific, narrowly-focused concerns related to mood, anxiety, substance use, or relationships, our work together will be a transformative experience that will result in lasting change. Working with me, you'll feel safe and understood and receive highly individualized, effective care. My approach provides you with realistic solutions to address your needs and achieve your goals. I help you become aware of your thoughts and open to your emotions without judgment so you can live a more fulfilling life and thrive in authenticity.
Whether you are feeling “stuck” in general or have specific, narrowly-focused concerns related to mood, anxiety, substance use, or relationships, our work together will be a transformative experience that will result in lasting change. Working with me, you'll feel safe and understood and receive highly individualized, effective care. My approach provides you with realistic solutions to address your needs and achieve your goals. I help you become aware of your thoughts and open to your emotions without judgment so you can live a more fulfilling life and thrive in authenticity.
(608) 686-6074 View (608) 686-6074
Photo of Dr. Valerie Burns Cathers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Dr. Valerie Burns Cathers
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, CSAC, NCC, DARTT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Waitlist for new clients
Many people ask me, "Why would I want to feel my feelings?” Whether you are constantly staring at a screen, filling every space on your calendar to avoid being alone with your thoughts, putting on a new mask for every person you encounter, or using alcohol as "social lubricant" to quiet the noise, many of us have mastered the art of avoidance. Some of us neatly tuck our feelings away, trading our emotions for a nicely organized life with lots of explanations and justifications, while others stuff the jumbled up mess under the bed.
Many people ask me, "Why would I want to feel my feelings?” Whether you are constantly staring at a screen, filling every space on your calendar to avoid being alone with your thoughts, putting on a new mask for every person you encounter, or using alcohol as "social lubricant" to quiet the noise, many of us have mastered the art of avoidance. Some of us neatly tuck our feelings away, trading our emotions for a nicely organized life with lots of explanations and justifications, while others stuff the jumbled up mess under the bed.
(608) 535-6362 View (608) 535-6362
Photo of Allison Ommodt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Allison Ommodt
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with anxiety, hopelessness, or burnout? Each day your stress is piling higher, and you feel like you can’t keep up. You may be feeling alone like no one understands what you’re going through. Maybe you’re overwhelmed amid a big life change, where you’re struggling to find peace in your new reality, or a parent who feels lost in how to help their child. I want to assure you that you’ve found a supportive space here. I specialize in working with individuals ages 14 & up with a variety of struggles like complex trauma, autism, attachment issues, adoption, life transitions, anxiety, & more.
Are you struggling with anxiety, hopelessness, or burnout? Each day your stress is piling higher, and you feel like you can’t keep up. You may be feeling alone like no one understands what you’re going through. Maybe you’re overwhelmed amid a big life change, where you’re struggling to find peace in your new reality, or a parent who feels lost in how to help their child. I want to assure you that you’ve found a supportive space here. I specialize in working with individuals ages 14 & up with a variety of struggles like complex trauma, autism, attachment issues, adoption, life transitions, anxiety, & more.
(608) 585-8263 View (608) 585-8263
Photo of Elaine Rosenberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Elaine Rosenberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
Imagine achieving what you want in life, such as fulfilling relationships and more self-awareness and insight. Imagine unburdening yourself of depression, anxiety, and self doubt. As a Certified EMDR therapist, I help clients transform traumatic experiences, allowing for more freedom and joy in life. As a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist, I work with individuals, couples, and families to create enduring secure bonds, thereby strengthening and improving connection with others. Working from a psychodynamic and attachment orientation, I encourage clients to reflect on patterns that may act as blocks to living authentically.
Imagine achieving what you want in life, such as fulfilling relationships and more self-awareness and insight. Imagine unburdening yourself of depression, anxiety, and self doubt. As a Certified EMDR therapist, I help clients transform traumatic experiences, allowing for more freedom and joy in life. As a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist, I work with individuals, couples, and families to create enduring secure bonds, thereby strengthening and improving connection with others. Working from a psychodynamic and attachment orientation, I encourage clients to reflect on patterns that may act as blocks to living authentically.
(608) 447-5660 View (608) 447-5660
Photo of Dr. Jaime Voss , Psychologist in Madison, WI
Dr. Jaime Voss [Fortitude Psychology]
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53719  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure about how to feel better? Individual therapy can help you reduce painful emotions, learn to recognize and change unhealthy behaviors, and improve your relationships. My name is Jaime Voss and I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Fortitude Psychology, LLC in Madison, WI. I provide psychotherapy services to individuals who are ready to make significant changes in their lives. I believe people are incredibly resilient in the face of adversity. My goal is to help you grow and thrive as you create a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure about how to feel better? Individual therapy can help you reduce painful emotions, learn to recognize and change unhealthy behaviors, and improve your relationships. My name is Jaime Voss and I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Fortitude Psychology, LLC in Madison, WI. I provide psychotherapy services to individuals who are ready to make significant changes in their lives. I believe people are incredibly resilient in the face of adversity. My goal is to help you grow and thrive as you create a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(608) 400-0276 View (608) 400-0276
Judith A. Cresson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
My goal as a therapist is not to tell a client what they need to do but instead to help them problem-solve their situation and come up with their own solution. I am then able to provide the client with the assistance, guidance and support necessary in order for them to achieve their self-designed successful outcome.
My goal as a therapist is not to tell a client what they need to do but instead to help them problem-solve their situation and come up with their own solution. I am then able to provide the client with the assistance, guidance and support necessary in order for them to achieve their self-designed successful outcome.
(608) 440-8137 View (608) 440-8137
James Pearson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
I am a multifaceted professional, I am a therapist, speaker, educator, mentor, supervisor, lifelong student, advocate, and more. With more than two decades of professional experience in the behavioral health field, I have learned to channel the body and mind's innate drive to heal. My role is to support you in your journey toward healing utilizing your unique experiences and strengths.
I am a multifaceted professional, I am a therapist, speaker, educator, mentor, supervisor, lifelong student, advocate, and more. With more than two decades of professional experience in the behavioral health field, I have learned to channel the body and mind's innate drive to heal. My role is to support you in your journey toward healing utilizing your unique experiences and strengths.
(608) 527-0324 x6 View (608) 527-0324 x6
Photo of Sara McNallie, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Madison, WI
Sara McNallie
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT, Intern
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is looking to gain insight into their life. They want to improve what they have, work toward goals that are important to them, and is interested in learning about how the relationships they have and had impact them. I particularly enjoy working with clients who are looking to find a new balance in life as they are exploring or actively going through different life transitions.
My ideal client is looking to gain insight into their life. They want to improve what they have, work toward goals that are important to them, and is interested in learning about how the relationships they have and had impact them. I particularly enjoy working with clients who are looking to find a new balance in life as they are exploring or actively going through different life transitions.
(608) 591-5911 View (608) 591-5911
Photo of Anna Maunu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Anna Maunu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713
As an APSW (Advanced Practice Social Worker) and therapist, I am passionate about providing psychotherapy services to adults including those seeking to overcome struggles related to trauma, anxieties, and identity. I know these issues can diminish your quality of life and I can support you along the way to making positive life changes. Understanding your past experiences, exploring underlying causes, and learning more about yourself can create opportunities for healing. Together we will process thoughts and experiences to assist you in exploring yourself and identifying skills to improve relationships with yourself and others.
As an APSW (Advanced Practice Social Worker) and therapist, I am passionate about providing psychotherapy services to adults including those seeking to overcome struggles related to trauma, anxieties, and identity. I know these issues can diminish your quality of life and I can support you along the way to making positive life changes. Understanding your past experiences, exploring underlying causes, and learning more about yourself can create opportunities for healing. Together we will process thoughts and experiences to assist you in exploring yourself and identifying skills to improve relationships with yourself and others.
(608) 599-5602 View (608) 599-5602
Photo of Kelsey Penkal, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Kelsey Penkal
Pre-Licensed Professional, APSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
I am a neurodivergent friendly therapist who specializes in ADHD, life transitions, chronic illness, burnout and internal conflict. I strive to provide an environment that is safe and genuine, with a touch of humor. We all deserve a supportive space to be seen and heard so we can heal and grow. I am currently in the process of acurring hours towards my LCSW and am offering sessions at a discounted rate.
I am a neurodivergent friendly therapist who specializes in ADHD, life transitions, chronic illness, burnout and internal conflict. I strive to provide an environment that is safe and genuine, with a touch of humor. We all deserve a supportive space to be seen and heard so we can heal and grow. I am currently in the process of acurring hours towards my LCSW and am offering sessions at a discounted rate.
(608) 636-8339 View (608) 636-8339
Photo of Susan LeGrand Levine, Counselor in Madison, WI
Susan LeGrand Levine
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53717
Because your life is worth my time. I provide non-judgemental, client-centered psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults. My focus is solution-oriented and goal-driven. My office is conveniently located off of the West Beltline in Madison. You and I can navigate difficult life challenges and changes with confidence and assurance. I have significant experience as a psychotherapist, having been in practice in Madison, Wisconsin for over 25 years. My clients come to me for issues including depression, anxiety, relational issues, and grief. I offer adoption competent therapy.
Because your life is worth my time. I provide non-judgemental, client-centered psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults. My focus is solution-oriented and goal-driven. My office is conveniently located off of the West Beltline in Madison. You and I can navigate difficult life challenges and changes with confidence and assurance. I have significant experience as a psychotherapist, having been in practice in Madison, Wisconsin for over 25 years. My clients come to me for issues including depression, anxiety, relational issues, and grief. I offer adoption competent therapy.
(608) 208-9869 View (608) 208-9869
Photo of Vivian Tamkin, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Vivian Tamkin
Psychologist, LP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Vivian L. Tamkin, PhD is a licensed psychologist (CA and WI), who has been practicing child and family psychotherapy since 2002. Dr. Tamkin has a PhD in Counseling Psychology, with a minor in Child Clinical Psychology, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, and an MA degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Pacific Oaks College and Children's School. Dr. Tamkin also has a BA degree in Child Development, with an emphasis in Child Mental Health from California State University, Northridge. Go Matadors! Dr. Tamkin's theoretical approach to clinical practice is rooted in a relational, life course lens.
Vivian L. Tamkin, PhD is a licensed psychologist (CA and WI), who has been practicing child and family psychotherapy since 2002. Dr. Tamkin has a PhD in Counseling Psychology, with a minor in Child Clinical Psychology, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, and an MA degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Pacific Oaks College and Children's School. Dr. Tamkin also has a BA degree in Child Development, with an emphasis in Child Mental Health from California State University, Northridge. Go Matadors! Dr. Tamkin's theoretical approach to clinical practice is rooted in a relational, life course lens.
(608) 557-8762 View (608) 557-8762
Photo of Kate Cousin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Kate Cousin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711  (Online Only)
The person-to-person connection in therapy is of the utmost importance to me. I am a deeply compassionate person with a true desire to help others find healing and growth. I bring my authentic self to each therapy session—including my lived experience, sense of humor, and breadth of knowledge about the field—and invite each client to do the same. You will find in me a gentle, warm presence with an unassuming, nonjudgmental approach.
The person-to-person connection in therapy is of the utmost importance to me. I am a deeply compassionate person with a true desire to help others find healing and growth. I bring my authentic self to each therapy session—including my lived experience, sense of humor, and breadth of knowledge about the field—and invite each client to do the same. You will find in me a gentle, warm presence with an unassuming, nonjudgmental approach.
(608) 413-3884 View (608) 413-3884
Photo of Amal Othman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Amal Othman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Resilience is the capacity to prepare for, recover from, and adapt in the face of stress, challenge or adversity. I provide a brave space for holistic health and well-being. I offer compassionate and integrative counseling to individuals and couples. I explore with you the practice of resilience, the embodiment of wellness, and how to access your innate wisdom to empower yourself and improve the quality of your life. My clinical approach is influenced by Internal Family Systems, somatic psychotherapy, and various relational, cognitive, and behavioral modalities.
Resilience is the capacity to prepare for, recover from, and adapt in the face of stress, challenge or adversity. I provide a brave space for holistic health and well-being. I offer compassionate and integrative counseling to individuals and couples. I explore with you the practice of resilience, the embodiment of wellness, and how to access your innate wisdom to empower yourself and improve the quality of your life. My clinical approach is influenced by Internal Family Systems, somatic psychotherapy, and various relational, cognitive, and behavioral modalities.
(608) 200-3215 View (608) 200-3215
Photo of Dana Basch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Dana Basch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSE, LPC, CT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
Waitlist for new clients
I believe therapy is a great place to start when you’re feeling stuck and/or wanting to make a change in your life. Therapy is a great way to help you identify the obstacles in your life and give you the courage to meet those obstacles head-on in a safe and supportive environment. The space provided in therapy can also help break out of your old and unproductive ways of coping; this can lead to new and exciting ways to living your life. Your therapy can be brief or long-term, depending on your needs. So, allow me support you as you get unstuck, find your passion, and enjoy your life to its fullest.
I believe therapy is a great place to start when you’re feeling stuck and/or wanting to make a change in your life. Therapy is a great way to help you identify the obstacles in your life and give you the courage to meet those obstacles head-on in a safe and supportive environment. The space provided in therapy can also help break out of your old and unproductive ways of coping; this can lead to new and exciting ways to living your life. Your therapy can be brief or long-term, depending on your needs. So, allow me support you as you get unstuck, find your passion, and enjoy your life to its fullest.
(608) 467-1108 View (608) 467-1108
Photo of Jim Powell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Jim Powell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Not accepting new clients
My philosophy holds that the therapeutic relationship is sacred and deserves the highest respect. In this relationship the mystery of each person's inner being unfolds. I honor the uniqueness and integrity of each individual I see. I view my role as a support and a guide while I join you at a very important juncture in your life. You deserve safety and trust. The objective part of therapy may involve psycho-spiritual strategies/interventions that help integrate the insights of therapy. These approaches may include mindfulness skills, psychodynamic,cognitive, behavioral or spiritual interventions such as meditation and yoga.
My philosophy holds that the therapeutic relationship is sacred and deserves the highest respect. In this relationship the mystery of each person's inner being unfolds. I honor the uniqueness and integrity of each individual I see. I view my role as a support and a guide while I join you at a very important juncture in your life. You deserve safety and trust. The objective part of therapy may involve psycho-spiritual strategies/interventions that help integrate the insights of therapy. These approaches may include mindfulness skills, psychodynamic,cognitive, behavioral or spiritual interventions such as meditation and yoga.
(608) 561-2554 x3 View (608) 561-2554 x3
Photo of Anna Roberts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Anna Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Anna B. Roberts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA in Sociology from Sonoma State University and an MA in Social Work (MSW) from Boston College. Anna loves working with children, adolescents, and families. She has years of experience providing trauma informed care as well as CBT, MI, PCP, and play therapy. Anna uses her background in art to promote healing and positive mental health in her therapy sessions. She hopes to earn credentialing as an Art Therapist and in EMDR. Anna and her husband have been married for 11+ years and have been trying to grow their family.
Anna B. Roberts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA in Sociology from Sonoma State University and an MA in Social Work (MSW) from Boston College. Anna loves working with children, adolescents, and families. She has years of experience providing trauma informed care as well as CBT, MI, PCP, and play therapy. Anna uses her background in art to promote healing and positive mental health in her therapy sessions. She hopes to earn credentialing as an Art Therapist and in EMDR. Anna and her husband have been married for 11+ years and have been trying to grow their family.
(608) 200-5129 View (608) 200-5129

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
66% Life Transitions
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% Quartz
50% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Other

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.