Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Samuel Parton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Samuel Parton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
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Photo of Daniel Kaplin, Psychologist in New York, NY
Daniel Kaplin
Psychologist, PhD, CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
Today you are one step closer to a path towards growth and well-being. As a cognitive behavioral therapist (CBT), we will explore your thoughts and emotions to help you discover your true potential. In therapy, we will create better ways to understand and resolve challenges in your life. We will identify long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling life. I look forward to providing you support and guidance to achieve your goals. I can be reached by telephone or email for individual, couples or family therapy.
Today you are one step closer to a path towards growth and well-being. As a cognitive behavioral therapist (CBT), we will explore your thoughts and emotions to help you discover your true potential. In therapy, we will create better ways to understand and resolve challenges in your life. We will identify long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling life. I look forward to providing you support and guidance to achieve your goals. I can be reached by telephone or email for individual, couples or family therapy.
(718) 831-6174 View (718) 831-6174
Photo of Danielle Winter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Danielle Winter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
*I will be on maternity leave beginning in March and expect to return in early July* Therapy is a space that can empower you to develop a deeper understanding of yourself. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stressed, depressed, or have past experiences that continue to affect you, you’ve come to the right place. Therapy is an opportunity for personal growth and development, and my goal is to help you to develop deeper insight into your personal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and emphasize your strengths and abilities. You are capable of change, you are resilient, and you deserve to live a happy life.
*I will be on maternity leave beginning in March and expect to return in early July* Therapy is a space that can empower you to develop a deeper understanding of yourself. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stressed, depressed, or have past experiences that continue to affect you, you’ve come to the right place. Therapy is an opportunity for personal growth and development, and my goal is to help you to develop deeper insight into your personal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and emphasize your strengths and abilities. You are capable of change, you are resilient, and you deserve to live a happy life.
(929) 362-5234 View (929) 362-5234
Photo of Vera Shao, Counselor in New York, NY
Vera Shao
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! In my practice, therapy serves two critical functions. Firstly, it is a scientific approach to mental health, addressing challenges through insights and targeted goals for enhanced functioning and well-being. Secondly, it embodies a humanitarian mission, much like education, by nurturing your curiosity and deepening your connection with self and others. I believe in a balanced approach that combines these aspects to not only improve your mental health but also to enrich your life with emotional literacy.
Hello and welcome! In my practice, therapy serves two critical functions. Firstly, it is a scientific approach to mental health, addressing challenges through insights and targeted goals for enhanced functioning and well-being. Secondly, it embodies a humanitarian mission, much like education, by nurturing your curiosity and deepening your connection with self and others. I believe in a balanced approach that combines these aspects to not only improve your mental health but also to enrich your life with emotional literacy.
(929) 470-6186 View (929) 470-6186
Photo of Melissa Chiasson, Psychologist in New York, NY
Melissa Chiasson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
The most important part of working towards your mental health wellness goals is to have a positive therapeutic relationship in which you feel respected, validated, and understood. I work in a collaborative manner with clients to create a safe space as you embark on your journey towards improved mental health. I am passionate about working with clients who are open to increasing insight and making positive changes.
The most important part of working towards your mental health wellness goals is to have a positive therapeutic relationship in which you feel respected, validated, and understood. I work in a collaborative manner with clients to create a safe space as you embark on your journey towards improved mental health. I am passionate about working with clients who are open to increasing insight and making positive changes.
(646) 328-6078 View (646) 328-6078
Photo of Anna Shanabrook, Limited Licensed Psychologist in New York, NY
Anna Shanabrook
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
I am a warm and caring postdoctoral psychologist working with adolescents and adults coping with anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, various mood disorders, school, work, parenting, and relationship challenges, as well as severe trauma. Additionally, I also work with those living with complex medical issues. As a mother, I also have a particular interest in women’s mental health as well as the challenges on the journey towards and within parenthood. I work with diverse populations and provide culturally-responsive therapy regardless of culture, ethnicity, religion, ability, socioeconomic status, gender or sexual orientation.
I am a warm and caring postdoctoral psychologist working with adolescents and adults coping with anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, various mood disorders, school, work, parenting, and relationship challenges, as well as severe trauma. Additionally, I also work with those living with complex medical issues. As a mother, I also have a particular interest in women’s mental health as well as the challenges on the journey towards and within parenthood. I work with diverse populations and provide culturally-responsive therapy regardless of culture, ethnicity, religion, ability, socioeconomic status, gender or sexual orientation.
(646) 603-0247 View (646) 603-0247
Photo of Couples Therapist Tammy Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Couples Therapist Tammy Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Schedule a free consultation with me at: calendly.com/tammy-kim. Are you feeling overwhelmed with life? Do you feel alone? Do you feel stuck and are unsure of why? Are you feeling disconnected with your partner, longing for something different, and not quite sure how to get there? We are inherently relational and wired to need safety and connection. When we don’t have that, it’s incredibly lonely and we experience a tremendous amount of pain. I am a therapist specializing in recovering from trauma, relationship distress, life transitions, depression, and anxiety.
Schedule a free consultation with me at: calendly.com/tammy-kim. Are you feeling overwhelmed with life? Do you feel alone? Do you feel stuck and are unsure of why? Are you feeling disconnected with your partner, longing for something different, and not quite sure how to get there? We are inherently relational and wired to need safety and connection. When we don’t have that, it’s incredibly lonely and we experience a tremendous amount of pain. I am a therapist specializing in recovering from trauma, relationship distress, life transitions, depression, and anxiety.
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Photo of Alana Barlia, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New York, NY
Alana Barlia
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Hi! I am an NYC-based therapist providing warm, inviting, and effective therapy for adults and couples. My clients find solace and relief through our work together by learning deeply about themselves, addressing the root cause of their distress, and moving through their difficult emotions. I believe that if you invest in yourself & your relationships today - you have the capacity to change your entire life. Remember, you deserve to live a life that brings you joy, satisfaction, and a sense of purpose.
Hi! I am an NYC-based therapist providing warm, inviting, and effective therapy for adults and couples. My clients find solace and relief through our work together by learning deeply about themselves, addressing the root cause of their distress, and moving through their difficult emotions. I believe that if you invest in yourself & your relationships today - you have the capacity to change your entire life. Remember, you deserve to live a life that brings you joy, satisfaction, and a sense of purpose.
(914) 326-2804 View (914) 326-2804
Photo of Ellie Lord in New York, NY
Ellie Lord
PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
I am a psychologist at NYCBT, a private group psychology practice in downtown Manhattan. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), working primarily with adults. I work in partnership with my clients to help them identify and achieve their goals by drawing on their unique individual strengths, while addressing their challenges with compassion. These changes usually involve addressing unhelpful thoughts and behaviors by learning to manage difficult emotions.
I am a psychologist at NYCBT, a private group psychology practice in downtown Manhattan. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), working primarily with adults. I work in partnership with my clients to help them identify and achieve their goals by drawing on their unique individual strengths, while addressing their challenges with compassion. These changes usually involve addressing unhelpful thoughts and behaviors by learning to manage difficult emotions.
(646) 402-6608 View (646) 402-6608
Photo of Melissa R Giuttari, Counselor in New York, NY
Melissa R Giuttari
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
"Health is a state of complete harmony of the body, mind and spirit." ~B.K.S. Iyengar * * * A healthy mind is just as important as a healthy body and a healthy soul. My goal is to partner with you in looking at your life-story, and identifying and overcoming the blockages to a peaceful way of being. Psychotherapy is a wonderful opportunity to find balance and restore a sense of wholeness and perspective on our purpose in life. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space in my practice for this to occur.
"Health is a state of complete harmony of the body, mind and spirit." ~B.K.S. Iyengar * * * A healthy mind is just as important as a healthy body and a healthy soul. My goal is to partner with you in looking at your life-story, and identifying and overcoming the blockages to a peaceful way of being. Psychotherapy is a wonderful opportunity to find balance and restore a sense of wholeness and perspective on our purpose in life. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space in my practice for this to occur.
(718) 569-8239 View (718) 569-8239
Photo of Christopher J Carter, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Christopher J Carter
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MDiv, ThM, PhD, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038  (Online Only)
According to C. G. Jung, “Every psychic advance ... arises from the suffering soul" (CW11, para 497). Living can be brutal and isolating, draining us of meaning and a positive sense of worth. Alone, you have been carrying those burdens too long. You’re searching for an informed, non-judgmental, compassionate listener. The search can be frustrating and overwhelming. You need someone who will hold your most private concerns and help identify effective and lasting solutions, to neutralize your suffering … someone who gets down to the root of your pain, not just the surface symptoms.
According to C. G. Jung, “Every psychic advance ... arises from the suffering soul" (CW11, para 497). Living can be brutal and isolating, draining us of meaning and a positive sense of worth. Alone, you have been carrying those burdens too long. You’re searching for an informed, non-judgmental, compassionate listener. The search can be frustrating and overwhelming. You need someone who will hold your most private concerns and help identify effective and lasting solutions, to neutralize your suffering … someone who gets down to the root of your pain, not just the surface symptoms.
(646) 846-8568 View (646) 846-8568
Photo of Gila Brenner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Gila Brenner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
As an experienced psychotherapist with over two decades of dedicated practice, I bring a wealth of expertise to my work with individuals, couples, and families. Throughout my journey in the mental health field, my commitment has been steadfast in helping clients navigate life's challenges with compassion, understanding, and resilience. From supporting individuals grappling with depression and anxiety to assisting couples in navigating relationship struggles and fertility issues, I deeply appreciate the unique journeys and struggles each client brings into the therapy room.
As an experienced psychotherapist with over two decades of dedicated practice, I bring a wealth of expertise to my work with individuals, couples, and families. Throughout my journey in the mental health field, my commitment has been steadfast in helping clients navigate life's challenges with compassion, understanding, and resilience. From supporting individuals grappling with depression and anxiety to assisting couples in navigating relationship struggles and fertility issues, I deeply appreciate the unique journeys and struggles each client brings into the therapy room.
(718) 514-7940 x721 View (718) 514-7940 x721
Photo of Lauren Eley, Bhava Therapy Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Lauren Eley, Bhava Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Lauren primarily works with youth, teenagers, young adults, and family systems. She has extensive experience working with youth across diverse settings, where she supports and empowers clients struggling with anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, self-worth, and additional psychological needs. Lauren's therapeutic approach is highly collaborative, with a heavy emphasis on parent/guardian involvement. Moreover, she helps children and their families improve their communication skills and create stronger connections.
Lauren primarily works with youth, teenagers, young adults, and family systems. She has extensive experience working with youth across diverse settings, where she supports and empowers clients struggling with anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, self-worth, and additional psychological needs. Lauren's therapeutic approach is highly collaborative, with a heavy emphasis on parent/guardian involvement. Moreover, she helps children and their families improve their communication skills and create stronger connections.
(646) 389-5801 View (646) 389-5801
Photo of Yevgenia (Gina) Levi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Yevgenia (Gina) Levi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Gina Levi has extensive experience working with adults, children, and couples from various cultural backgrounds. Gina creates a safe space where her clients are encouraged to share their feelings as well as set and meet unique goals. She uses Motivational Interviewing, EMDR, as well as Cognitive behavioral therapy Strength-based therapy to support her clients and meet their needs. Gina has over 15 years of expertise in helping people work on issues related to anxiety, depression, phobias, trauma, living with chronic health issues, and dealing with a loss of a loved one and complicated grief.
Gina Levi has extensive experience working with adults, children, and couples from various cultural backgrounds. Gina creates a safe space where her clients are encouraged to share their feelings as well as set and meet unique goals. She uses Motivational Interviewing, EMDR, as well as Cognitive behavioral therapy Strength-based therapy to support her clients and meet their needs. Gina has over 15 years of expertise in helping people work on issues related to anxiety, depression, phobias, trauma, living with chronic health issues, and dealing with a loss of a loved one and complicated grief.
(646) 846-2974 View (646) 846-2974
Photo of Abbey Oot, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Abbey Oot
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Are you overwhelmed by the stress of daily life and relationships? Maybe events from your past keep gnawing at you, and you're unsure how to move forward. If any of this sounds familiar, you’ve come to the right place. I believe that when you feel safe and heard without judgment, healing and change can begin. Through a warm and collaborative approach, we will focus on identifying patterns in your emotions, thoughts, and beliefs in order to gain insight to areas of growth and strengths.
Are you overwhelmed by the stress of daily life and relationships? Maybe events from your past keep gnawing at you, and you're unsure how to move forward. If any of this sounds familiar, you’ve come to the right place. I believe that when you feel safe and heard without judgment, healing and change can begin. Through a warm and collaborative approach, we will focus on identifying patterns in your emotions, thoughts, and beliefs in order to gain insight to areas of growth and strengths.
(347) 970-5217 View (347) 970-5217
Photo of Emily Stein, Psychologist in New York, NY
Emily Stein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
I work well with individuals,groups,and couples who are interested in better understanding their struggles, developing effective coping mechanisms, and feeling happier.
I work well with individuals,groups,and couples who are interested in better understanding their struggles, developing effective coping mechanisms, and feeling happier.
(212) 713-0686 View (212) 713-0686
Photo of Elizaveta Lemberg, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Elizaveta Lemberg
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I consider it a profound privilege to work with people, their experiences, and collaboratively work through any challenges to achieve mental and emotional wellness. I invite clients to bring their whole and authentic selves into sessions. Together, we can explore the ways your mind, body, identity, culture, and relationships influence your experience and collaboratively create solutions to help you live a life that is aligned with your personal values and goals.
I consider it a profound privilege to work with people, their experiences, and collaboratively work through any challenges to achieve mental and emotional wellness. I invite clients to bring their whole and authentic selves into sessions. Together, we can explore the ways your mind, body, identity, culture, and relationships influence your experience and collaboratively create solutions to help you live a life that is aligned with your personal values and goals.
(646) 808-3362 View (646) 808-3362
Photo of Allison Slater, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Allison Slater
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
It can be an overwhelming and painful decision to seek help. We so often find ourself feeling stuck, unmotivated, anxious or depressed. We fall back on unhealthy or unsuccessful habits and poor coping skills. Therapy provides an opportunity to heal from past wounds and work towards your goals in a supportive and collaborative environment.
It can be an overwhelming and painful decision to seek help. We so often find ourself feeling stuck, unmotivated, anxious or depressed. We fall back on unhealthy or unsuccessful habits and poor coping skills. Therapy provides an opportunity to heal from past wounds and work towards your goals in a supportive and collaborative environment.
(929) 226-2057 View (929) 226-2057
Photo of Aldea Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Aldea Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
We are a private, group psychotherapy practice offering counseling services for adolescent, young adults, adults, and elder people. Clinical services are provided in Spanish and English. We accept Aetna and, Northwell as well as fee for service. Aldea is a Spanish word for "community" and we, at Aldea Counseling Services, seek to support the psychological and emotional needs of individuals and families as together we build a stronger community.
We are a private, group psychotherapy practice offering counseling services for adolescent, young adults, adults, and elder people. Clinical services are provided in Spanish and English. We accept Aetna and, Northwell as well as fee for service. Aldea is a Spanish word for "community" and we, at Aldea Counseling Services, seek to support the psychological and emotional needs of individuals and families as together we build a stronger community.
(646) 719-0783 View (646) 719-0783
Photo of Bryant West Psychology, Psychologist in New York, NY
Bryant West Psychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018
I am Stephen G. Schneider, Ph.D., a Clinical Psychologist for over 30 years and the Clinical Director of Bryant West Psychology, a group psychotherapy practice in Midtown Manhattan (near Bryant Park) and online. We have over 35 Mental Health Professionals, mostly psychologists, providing Individual, Couples and Group Psychotherapy, and we are in-network with Aetna. Please contact me or go to our website to at www.bryantwestpsychology.com for a full listing of all of our clinicians, and their contact information. I am not accepting new patient personally, but if you contact me, I may be able to refer you to one of our clinicians.
I am Stephen G. Schneider, Ph.D., a Clinical Psychologist for over 30 years and the Clinical Director of Bryant West Psychology, a group psychotherapy practice in Midtown Manhattan (near Bryant Park) and online. We have over 35 Mental Health Professionals, mostly psychologists, providing Individual, Couples and Group Psychotherapy, and we are in-network with Aetna. Please contact me or go to our website to at www.bryantwestpsychology.com for a full listing of all of our clinicians, and their contact information. I am not accepting new patient personally, but if you contact me, I may be able to refer you to one of our clinicians.
(646) 351-1884 View (646) 351-1884

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.