Therapists in Torrance, CA

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Photo of Yudid Osuna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Yudid Osuna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Hi, I am Yudid Osuna, female, Spanish-speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I would like to help and guide you through your healing process. I am a firm believer that helping others elevates me to become a better version of myself. My focus of practice is working with adults who are dealing with anxiety, depression, and grief/loss.
Hi, I am Yudid Osuna, female, Spanish-speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I would like to help and guide you through your healing process. I am a firm believer that helping others elevates me to become a better version of myself. My focus of practice is working with adults who are dealing with anxiety, depression, and grief/loss.
(424) 610-8288 View (424) 610-8288
Photo of Maritza Henry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Maritza Henry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
I have an extensive background in providing psychotherapy for individual adults, couples, adolescents and traditional as well as non-traditional families from various ethnic, cultural, religious and socio-economic backgrounds. I believe that everyone has strengths and all the ingredients to acquire self-love, peace and happiness. My job is to help a client tap into those strengths and ingredients. My job is to provide a platform for which clients can begin to identify and experience healthy ways to be in a relationship with others and themselves.
I have an extensive background in providing psychotherapy for individual adults, couples, adolescents and traditional as well as non-traditional families from various ethnic, cultural, religious and socio-economic backgrounds. I believe that everyone has strengths and all the ingredients to acquire self-love, peace and happiness. My job is to help a client tap into those strengths and ingredients. My job is to provide a platform for which clients can begin to identify and experience healthy ways to be in a relationship with others and themselves.
(408) 759-4858 View (408) 759-4858
Photo of California Psych and Wellness, LLC, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
California Psych and Wellness, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90510
Do you struggle with the pressure of achieving and performing? Do you struggle with your idea of perfection and it's affecting your quality of life, your family, or your self-esteem? Do you feel exhausted by the constant worrying of being "good enough"? Do you ever wonder if life will ever get better? With overexposure and constant messages on social media feeds about what it means to be a "good" mom, a "good" son or daughter, or to be at the top of your field, it's no wonder many of you are feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, or burned out.
Do you struggle with the pressure of achieving and performing? Do you struggle with your idea of perfection and it's affecting your quality of life, your family, or your self-esteem? Do you feel exhausted by the constant worrying of being "good enough"? Do you ever wonder if life will ever get better? With overexposure and constant messages on social media feeds about what it means to be a "good" mom, a "good" son or daughter, or to be at the top of your field, it's no wonder many of you are feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, or burned out.
(424) 567-7361 View (424) 567-7361
Photo of Stefanie Rushatakankovit, Licensed Educational Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Stefanie Rushatakankovit
Licensed Educational Psychologist, LEP, NCSP, BCBA, CCATP
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503
If your child or teen (ages 2-17) is having trouble at school or home with their behavior, peer interactions, big emotions, or learning, I'm here to help them build the skills they need for emotional growth, independence, and healthy relationships. If you have tried strategies, read books, or watched videos, and are STILL feeling frustrated or helpless, I will work with you to help discover why your child is struggling, collaborate on a plan, and guide and support you to make positive, concrete changes.
If your child or teen (ages 2-17) is having trouble at school or home with their behavior, peer interactions, big emotions, or learning, I'm here to help them build the skills they need for emotional growth, independence, and healthy relationships. If you have tried strategies, read books, or watched videos, and are STILL feeling frustrated or helpless, I will work with you to help discover why your child is struggling, collaborate on a plan, and guide and support you to make positive, concrete changes.
(424) 307-5007 View (424) 307-5007
Photo of TheChildInUs, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
TheChildInUs
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503
There is nothing more valuable in this world than living the life you were destined to live and nothing more fearful than the passage of time and losing time. We spend so much time in fear of change that we often time sacrifice our own experience. Fear of failure, fear of the new, fear of criticism is just a few of the common reasons for fear of change. I would like to remind you that your experience is valid, that you are not alone and that there is hope.
There is nothing more valuable in this world than living the life you were destined to live and nothing more fearful than the passage of time and losing time. We spend so much time in fear of change that we often time sacrifice our own experience. Fear of failure, fear of the new, fear of criticism is just a few of the common reasons for fear of change. I would like to remind you that your experience is valid, that you are not alone and that there is hope.
(424) 325-6148 View (424) 325-6148
Photo of Debra L Taylor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Debra L Taylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CST
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90508
I offer online therapy to couples and individuals throughout California. I have training in several modes of couple therapy, sex therapy, trauma therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. We will focus on your concerns, your struggles, and your goals. We will pinpoint areas you want or need to change and then we will develop a plan to move toward your goals, access your resources, acquire needed skills, and progress toward a healthier, more fulfilling life or relationship.
I offer online therapy to couples and individuals throughout California. I have training in several modes of couple therapy, sex therapy, trauma therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. We will focus on your concerns, your struggles, and your goals. We will pinpoint areas you want or need to change and then we will develop a plan to move toward your goals, access your resources, acquire needed skills, and progress toward a healthier, more fulfilling life or relationship.
(310) 692-7884 View (310) 692-7884
Photo of Seraina Naef, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Seraina Naef
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Not accepting new clients
Life is filled with ups and downs and sometimes we need some help navigating through it all. Be it a life transition, a loss of a loved one, or a past trauma you want to move forward from, these are events that can make us feel stagnate or even hopeless. This is where therapy can help support you through and I would like to aid you on that journey! My goal is to instill hope and motivation to make the changes in your life that may be keeping you from true happiness.
Life is filled with ups and downs and sometimes we need some help navigating through it all. Be it a life transition, a loss of a loved one, or a past trauma you want to move forward from, these are events that can make us feel stagnate or even hopeless. This is where therapy can help support you through and I would like to aid you on that journey! My goal is to instill hope and motivation to make the changes in your life that may be keeping you from true happiness.
(424) 772-3282 View (424) 772-3282
Photo of Jamie Stern, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Jamie Stern
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
(424) 232-0893 View (424) 232-0893
Photo of Teryn Hara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Teryn Hara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503
Finding a therapist is no easy task – having to go down a list of providers, call or email multiple providers, and repeat “your story” is exhausting. Thank you for being resilient and continuing your search. You are not alone. We all experience times in our life when we recognize we cannot do this all on our own. Sometimes we lack the skills needed to help us through these difficult times. Other times, we may not have support – someone to listen, validate, and encourage. Whatever challenging life transitions or changes you have experienced are all parts of life that you will heal and grow from, but it will take time and effort.
Finding a therapist is no easy task – having to go down a list of providers, call or email multiple providers, and repeat “your story” is exhausting. Thank you for being resilient and continuing your search. You are not alone. We all experience times in our life when we recognize we cannot do this all on our own. Sometimes we lack the skills needed to help us through these difficult times. Other times, we may not have support – someone to listen, validate, and encourage. Whatever challenging life transitions or changes you have experienced are all parts of life that you will heal and grow from, but it will take time and effort.
(310) 340-2715 View (310) 340-2715
Photo of Gwen Mwanza McAuliffe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Gwen Mwanza McAuliffe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself people pleasing, freezing, avoiding, or feeling the need to fight as a defense mechanism. I'm here to listen and provide you the space to reflect. I'm here to assist you in increasing your awareness of possible behaviors that aren't working for you anymore. Together, we will utilize your strengths and assist you in developing adaptive coping mechanisms to help cope with life stressors.
Do you find yourself people pleasing, freezing, avoiding, or feeling the need to fight as a defense mechanism. I'm here to listen and provide you the space to reflect. I'm here to assist you in increasing your awareness of possible behaviors that aren't working for you anymore. Together, we will utilize your strengths and assist you in developing adaptive coping mechanisms to help cope with life stressors.
(424) 552-4032 View (424) 552-4032
Photo of Aimee Cruz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Aimee Cruz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503
Kobe Bryant once said, "The key, though, is being aware of how you're feeling and how you need to be feeling, it all starts with awareness." Being self-aware is the first step toward healing and change. Initiating the next steps can be intimidating and discouraging especially if the individual or family does not know where to start. My goal is to help guide you through each step and phase on your journey to balance and happiness with empathy and compassion.
Kobe Bryant once said, "The key, though, is being aware of how you're feeling and how you need to be feeling, it all starts with awareness." Being self-aware is the first step toward healing and change. Initiating the next steps can be intimidating and discouraging especially if the individual or family does not know where to start. My goal is to help guide you through each step and phase on your journey to balance and happiness with empathy and compassion.
(310) 361-1883 View (310) 361-1883
Photo of Chidi Njoku, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Chidi Njoku
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90501
You've been dealing with life in all of it's complexities and in spite of your best efforts, for any one of a number of reasons you 've found yourself in the position of feeling stuck. It's frustrating, disappointing, in some ways maybe even infuriating. Before you throw your hand up at it all, why don't you and I sit down. Let's talk, let's figure out your pathway forward through this. The answers are in there. I want to be your partner in finding them. I want to help you.
You've been dealing with life in all of it's complexities and in spite of your best efforts, for any one of a number of reasons you 've found yourself in the position of feeling stuck. It's frustrating, disappointing, in some ways maybe even infuriating. Before you throw your hand up at it all, why don't you and I sit down. Let's talk, let's figure out your pathway forward through this. The answers are in there. I want to be your partner in finding them. I want to help you.
(310) 736-4281 View (310) 736-4281
Photo of Bernadette Reyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Bernadette Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Bernadette and I’m a therapist in the South Bay of California. I work with women to overcome anxiety and self-doubt so they feel empowered and confident. Do you feel anxiety and self-doubt are taking over your life? Are you constantly questioning yourself and your ability to thrive in your environment? If so, schedule a free 15 minute consultation by pasting the following link into your browser: bewelltherapyandcounseling.com/contact
Hi, I’m Bernadette and I’m a therapist in the South Bay of California. I work with women to overcome anxiety and self-doubt so they feel empowered and confident. Do you feel anxiety and self-doubt are taking over your life? Are you constantly questioning yourself and your ability to thrive in your environment? If so, schedule a free 15 minute consultation by pasting the following link into your browser: bewelltherapyandcounseling.com/contact
(310) 361-1302 View (310) 361-1302
Photo of Elena Catherine Wash, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Elena Catherine Wash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90501  (Online Only)
Do you feel like an “Adult Child”? Do you feel stuck? Are you having difficulty navigating Adulthood, and it’s causing you to feel burned out, anxious, lonely, and depressed? Did you follow the rules of our previous generations about what it means to be “successful,” “an Adult,” or “a woman” only to be shackled with student debt, feeling disillusioned, and struggling to define your wants and needs in your life? Do you need help redefining what Adulthood and success mean for you and find meaning in your life? Then this is the place for you!
Do you feel like an “Adult Child”? Do you feel stuck? Are you having difficulty navigating Adulthood, and it’s causing you to feel burned out, anxious, lonely, and depressed? Did you follow the rules of our previous generations about what it means to be “successful,” “an Adult,” or “a woman” only to be shackled with student debt, feeling disillusioned, and struggling to define your wants and needs in your life? Do you need help redefining what Adulthood and success mean for you and find meaning in your life? Then this is the place for you!
(310) 361-2921 View (310) 361-2921
Photo of Danielle Torres, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Danielle Torres
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Are you struggling with Low self esteem or negative self talk? Do you feel overwhelmed, avoid uncomfortable feelings, or have low motivation for change? Perhaps you want to change but don’t know where to start? Maybe you have started a plan for change but burn out quickly? Have you been hit with unimaginable life circumstances that make it difficult to move forward? I work with teens/adults dealing with issues such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief and loss. I also work with 1st generation college students, professionals, and student athletes managing work life balance, cultural pressures, and performance issues
Are you struggling with Low self esteem or negative self talk? Do you feel overwhelmed, avoid uncomfortable feelings, or have low motivation for change? Perhaps you want to change but don’t know where to start? Maybe you have started a plan for change but burn out quickly? Have you been hit with unimaginable life circumstances that make it difficult to move forward? I work with teens/adults dealing with issues such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief and loss. I also work with 1st generation college students, professionals, and student athletes managing work life balance, cultural pressures, and performance issues
(310) 564-7178 View (310) 564-7178
Photo of Gary Schapper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Gary Schapper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505  (Online Only)
Are your worried, rushed, easily losing your temper, crashing in hopelessness, and/or uncertain of who you are and what is your purpose in life? I use a mindfulness therapy that helps you to: 1) notice when unhelpful aspects of your past are presenting themselves in the present; 2) understand, notice, and temper all of your feelings; 3) create new stories in your life; 4) embrace love at its deepest levels; 5) improve relationships and communications in all areas of your life.
Are your worried, rushed, easily losing your temper, crashing in hopelessness, and/or uncertain of who you are and what is your purpose in life? I use a mindfulness therapy that helps you to: 1) notice when unhelpful aspects of your past are presenting themselves in the present; 2) understand, notice, and temper all of your feelings; 3) create new stories in your life; 4) embrace love at its deepest levels; 5) improve relationships and communications in all areas of your life.
(310) 879-5063 View (310) 879-5063
Photo of Nicole Danielle Callella, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Nicole Danielle Callella
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
As a psychologist, I allow the space for individuals to gain insight and growth in their lives that help them reach their goals and aspirations. We all encounter challenges, whether it be someone suffering from anxiety and depression, a family who just found out their child has a medical issue, a child with fears, or a teen who has been bullied. During these unfortunate times what is needed is someone to connect with and help you out of this dark cave of distress. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with others and reveal the ways through this emotional distress.
As a psychologist, I allow the space for individuals to gain insight and growth in their lives that help them reach their goals and aspirations. We all encounter challenges, whether it be someone suffering from anxiety and depression, a family who just found out their child has a medical issue, a child with fears, or a teen who has been bullied. During these unfortunate times what is needed is someone to connect with and help you out of this dark cave of distress. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with others and reveal the ways through this emotional distress.
(424) 218-9953 View (424) 218-9953
Photo of Azeb B Bhutia, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Azeb B Bhutia
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Not accepting new clients
Everyone experiences some form of incongruence in life. However, when one's life gets disrupted and overwhelmed by conflict, anxiety, trauma, loss, or stress of everyday life, it causes psychological and emotional distress and loss of insight that constrains growth and creativity. Psychotherapy offers a helping relationship that is warm and empathic, where one feels safe and fully received to explore and reflect on incongruences with fresh perspectives and insights. Psychotherapy provides a climate for the individuals to emerge as someone who can fully live and trust one's experience as satisfying in each circumstance.
Everyone experiences some form of incongruence in life. However, when one's life gets disrupted and overwhelmed by conflict, anxiety, trauma, loss, or stress of everyday life, it causes psychological and emotional distress and loss of insight that constrains growth and creativity. Psychotherapy offers a helping relationship that is warm and empathic, where one feels safe and fully received to explore and reflect on incongruences with fresh perspectives and insights. Psychotherapy provides a climate for the individuals to emerge as someone who can fully live and trust one's experience as satisfying in each circumstance.
(213) 335-2454 View (213) 335-2454
Photo of Timothy Nathan Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Timothy Nathan Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
When people seek therapy, they are usually looking for a safe space where their struggles and heard and understood without judgement. They want a compassionate listener who can validate their personal experiences, offer support, and guide them collaboratively through challenging times. Are you looking for someone who not only comprehends your emotional turmoil but also provides practical tools to navigate life's complexities? Looking for a therapeutic experience where you can uncover deeper insights, cultivate resilience, and ultimately, empower yourself to create positive changes in your lives?
When people seek therapy, they are usually looking for a safe space where their struggles and heard and understood without judgement. They want a compassionate listener who can validate their personal experiences, offer support, and guide them collaboratively through challenging times. Are you looking for someone who not only comprehends your emotional turmoil but also provides practical tools to navigate life's complexities? Looking for a therapeutic experience where you can uncover deeper insights, cultivate resilience, and ultimately, empower yourself to create positive changes in your lives?
(424) 317-8821 View (424) 317-8821
Photo of Kari Wendt, Counselor in Torrance, CA
Kari Wendt
Counselor, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
We all have days when we feel competent to take on the world, and then there are days when getting out of bed and brushing our teeth feels like an insurmountable task. If you are feeling overwhelmed, confused, or just not sure what to do and where to go next, let me be the first to say: "You are not alone!" Being human is difficult, particularly when we are trying to navigate our own needs in between the needs of our families, work, and the world.
We all have days when we feel competent to take on the world, and then there are days when getting out of bed and brushing our teeth feels like an insurmountable task. If you are feeling overwhelmed, confused, or just not sure what to do and where to go next, let me be the first to say: "You are not alone!" Being human is difficult, particularly when we are trying to navigate our own needs in between the needs of our families, work, and the world.
(424) 317-8813 View (424) 317-8813

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Torrance, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Torrance, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Cigna and Evernorth
63% Aetna
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Torrance, CA see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Torrance?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.