Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA

Photo of Chelsea Thompson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Chelsea Thompson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320  (Online Only)
I believe that every person's life is affected by the circumstances and individuals surrounding them. We live in a world that is interconnected. Thus, it is through understanding those connections and influences that we can find peace and meaning in our lives. Whether you are a youth, young adult, elder, lover, loner, or anything in between. You have a life story that is being created around you. Those who take action in their life find the most happiness. It is up to you to either sit back or take an active role in its creation.
I believe that every person's life is affected by the circumstances and individuals surrounding them. We live in a world that is interconnected. Thus, it is through understanding those connections and influences that we can find peace and meaning in our lives. Whether you are a youth, young adult, elder, lover, loner, or anything in between. You have a life story that is being created around you. Those who take action in their life find the most happiness. It is up to you to either sit back or take an active role in its creation.
(805) 210-8178 View (805) 210-8178
Photo of Elise Baumann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Elise Baumann
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Hi! I’m Elise Baumann and I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist in Newbury Park, California. My philosophy on therapy is that it should be a positive and uplifting experience. It may feel intimidating or overwhelming to seek help when things are tough or when you are struggling. This is why I strive to make therapy an experience that brings hope, builds confidence, and helps you to recognize and understand your strengths and inner resources.
Hi! I’m Elise Baumann and I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist in Newbury Park, California. My philosophy on therapy is that it should be a positive and uplifting experience. It may feel intimidating or overwhelming to seek help when things are tough or when you are struggling. This is why I strive to make therapy an experience that brings hope, builds confidence, and helps you to recognize and understand your strengths and inner resources.
(805) 472-4142 View (805) 472-4142
Photo of Michelle Czegledi Gutierrez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Michelle Czegledi Gutierrez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360  (Online Only)
I believe therapy has the potential to help align yourself more confidently to your own body, feelings, and spirit. I offer a free 15-minute phone consultation so we can chat and see if we are a good fit. Feeling unsupported along with lacking in confidence in your abilities can be heartbreaking. I believe it is essential to listen to the healthy part of you that knows there has to be something better than constant worry. There is! I deeply understand the hurt that comes with not being heard or seen.
I believe therapy has the potential to help align yourself more confidently to your own body, feelings, and spirit. I offer a free 15-minute phone consultation so we can chat and see if we are a good fit. Feeling unsupported along with lacking in confidence in your abilities can be heartbreaking. I believe it is essential to listen to the healthy part of you that knows there has to be something better than constant worry. There is! I deeply understand the hurt that comes with not being heard or seen.
(805) 628-4722 View (805) 628-4722
Photo of Stephen Spiegel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Stephen Spiegel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in California with over 20 years of experience working as Social Worker in Adult Protective Services, Emergency Room Trauma Social Worker, Mental Health Inpatient Clinician, and life coach, and the state prison system. My approach is styled to fit what you will feel will meet your needs, you are the expert in you. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, justice system and military issues .
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in California with over 20 years of experience working as Social Worker in Adult Protective Services, Emergency Room Trauma Social Worker, Mental Health Inpatient Clinician, and life coach, and the state prison system. My approach is styled to fit what you will feel will meet your needs, you are the expert in you. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, justice system and military issues .
(805) 900-4526 View (805) 900-4526
Photo of Nicole Seale, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Thousand Oaks, CA
Nicole Seale
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360  (Online Only)
Are you trying to heal from a hurtful relationship? Relationships end for a variety of reasons. I work with individuals that are looking for healing and closure from emotionally abusive relationships. We hear a lot about narcissism and the term “gaslighting” is thrown around as a buzzword on social media. It can be confusing trying to understand what happened and why. My passion is helping you accept your past experiences and not only heal, but also grow from them.
Are you trying to heal from a hurtful relationship? Relationships end for a variety of reasons. I work with individuals that are looking for healing and closure from emotionally abusive relationships. We hear a lot about narcissism and the term “gaslighting” is thrown around as a buzzword on social media. It can be confusing trying to understand what happened and why. My passion is helping you accept your past experiences and not only heal, but also grow from them.
(805) 723-2770 View (805) 723-2770
Photo of Aileen Nealie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Aileen Nealie
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, DCEP
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Helping others achieve long lasting emotional stability is my main goal as a therapist. If your past experiences in psychotherapy have primarily been handled with just compassionate listening and support, you will most likely experience a re-occurring event that will have you forever returning to counseling. Weather your issues are related to life transitions, life stressors or emotional distress, I am ready to gift you with tools you can carry and practice for life, so that you may feel empowered to know how to help yourself throughout life's challenges.
Helping others achieve long lasting emotional stability is my main goal as a therapist. If your past experiences in psychotherapy have primarily been handled with just compassionate listening and support, you will most likely experience a re-occurring event that will have you forever returning to counseling. Weather your issues are related to life transitions, life stressors or emotional distress, I am ready to gift you with tools you can carry and practice for life, so that you may feel empowered to know how to help yourself throughout life's challenges.
(661) 641-4912 View (661) 641-4912
Photo of Pejman Kosari, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Pejman Kosari
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Do you find yourself struggling with episodes of sadness? Do you feel anxious or have difficulty managing your emotions? Have you lost interest in activities you once enjoyed? Have you gone through a traumatic experience and continue to have flashbacks? If so, I can help you make sense of your past experiences so that you can live a life full of joy. You have the ability to live the life you so desire, and today you are one step closer to fulfilling that dream.
Do you find yourself struggling with episodes of sadness? Do you feel anxious or have difficulty managing your emotions? Have you lost interest in activities you once enjoyed? Have you gone through a traumatic experience and continue to have flashbacks? If so, I can help you make sense of your past experiences so that you can live a life full of joy. You have the ability to live the life you so desire, and today you are one step closer to fulfilling that dream.
(818) 805-0803 View (818) 805-0803
Photo of Daniel Joseph Banaitis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Daniel Joseph Banaitis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Ever feel like your mind is a twisty labyrinth… And you’re the bewildered adventurer trying to navigate it? Maybe you’re grappling with anxiety, feeling down, or just downright lost. Life can be overwhelming. You might face challenges at home, work, school, or community. These challenges can lead to a tangle of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that make it hard to find your way. You’re not the only one. When life throws challenges our way, it can leave us feeling like we’re stuck in a maze, trying to find our way out. Therapy is your roadmap to a better life and better relationships.
Ever feel like your mind is a twisty labyrinth… And you’re the bewildered adventurer trying to navigate it? Maybe you’re grappling with anxiety, feeling down, or just downright lost. Life can be overwhelming. You might face challenges at home, work, school, or community. These challenges can lead to a tangle of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that make it hard to find your way. You’re not the only one. When life throws challenges our way, it can leave us feeling like we’re stuck in a maze, trying to find our way out. Therapy is your roadmap to a better life and better relationships.
(424) 356-1650 View (424) 356-1650
Photo of Wendy Maher, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Thousand Oaks, CA
Wendy Maher
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
How many therapists does it take to change a lightbulb? Just one, but the lightbulb has to want to change.
How many therapists does it take to change a lightbulb? Just one, but the lightbulb has to want to change.
(805) 819-2457 View (805) 819-2457
Photo of Melissa Satram, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Melissa Satram
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Do you ever struggle with feeling like you’re not enough? Do you feel like you have to prove yourself? Do you feel stuck and triggered by childhood trauma? The symptoms of trauma include anxiety, depression, high conflict relationships, occupational impairment, addiction, and much more. I believe therapy can help you develop a more self-awareness and actionable plan to alleviate these symptoms. I specialized in working with people who are willing to explore past, present, and future challenges and to find tools for personal growth.
Do you ever struggle with feeling like you’re not enough? Do you feel like you have to prove yourself? Do you feel stuck and triggered by childhood trauma? The symptoms of trauma include anxiety, depression, high conflict relationships, occupational impairment, addiction, and much more. I believe therapy can help you develop a more self-awareness and actionable plan to alleviate these symptoms. I specialized in working with people who are willing to explore past, present, and future challenges and to find tools for personal growth.
(805) 232-7702 View (805) 232-7702
Photo of Jane Israyelyan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jane Israyelyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
You deserve to feel better. I am here to help. I will listen to you and we will work together to sort through the challenges and questions you may have. My background is in addiction counseling and I like to look at the ‘whole’ person. I understand the pressures individuals and families face, especially during these times. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I work with adults and teens. Therapy is unique for each individual. I am well versed in a variety of therapeutic approaches such as looking at how our thoughts and feelings impact our behaviors. I love working with my ADHD clients and their non-ADHD spouses.
You deserve to feel better. I am here to help. I will listen to you and we will work together to sort through the challenges and questions you may have. My background is in addiction counseling and I like to look at the ‘whole’ person. I understand the pressures individuals and families face, especially during these times. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I work with adults and teens. Therapy is unique for each individual. I am well versed in a variety of therapeutic approaches such as looking at how our thoughts and feelings impact our behaviors. I love working with my ADHD clients and their non-ADHD spouses.
(805) 519-8343 View (805) 519-8343
Photo of Jeff Appell, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jeff Appell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
I specialize with children, adolescents, and families struggling with educational issues and personal struggles. I also specialize with middle/high school and college students and athletes dealing with anxiety, homesickness, and other life transitions. My expertise focuses in the area of ADHD, Learning Disabilities, and oppositional behaviors as well. I have worked in the school system for over 25 years. Finally, for those of you in your adult years, I offer individual and couples therapy with a direct straightforward approach. I believe in improving communication and helping you thrive in your couple and family relationships.
I specialize with children, adolescents, and families struggling with educational issues and personal struggles. I also specialize with middle/high school and college students and athletes dealing with anxiety, homesickness, and other life transitions. My expertise focuses in the area of ADHD, Learning Disabilities, and oppositional behaviors as well. I have worked in the school system for over 25 years. Finally, for those of you in your adult years, I offer individual and couples therapy with a direct straightforward approach. I believe in improving communication and helping you thrive in your couple and family relationships.
(747) 271-5436 View (747) 271-5436
Photo of Jennie Nystrom, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jennie Nystrom
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Do you feel depressed or anxious due to childhood trauma? Do you feel disconnected in your relationships with others? I’m here to help you develop an action plan for meaningful changes. My approach to therapy is relational and person-centered. I will work alongside you in a warm and understanding environment where you can explore your emotions and find better ways to deal with the stressors in your life.
Do you feel depressed or anxious due to childhood trauma? Do you feel disconnected in your relationships with others? I’m here to help you develop an action plan for meaningful changes. My approach to therapy is relational and person-centered. I will work alongside you in a warm and understanding environment where you can explore your emotions and find better ways to deal with the stressors in your life.
(805) 303-8894 View (805) 303-8894
Photo of Isabel Bernal-Ward, PhD, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Isabel Bernal-Ward, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Many people are struggling with worry, sadness, emotional/physical pain, and/or stress. I can teach you effective coping strategies to deal with these. I have been doing it successfully the past 20+ years. The results are people often experience more peace, better sleep, better mood, and better relationship connections with others at home and/or at work. Becoming a better you will be one of the best investments you will ever make. Call today to set up an appointment to discuss your particular situation.
Many people are struggling with worry, sadness, emotional/physical pain, and/or stress. I can teach you effective coping strategies to deal with these. I have been doing it successfully the past 20+ years. The results are people often experience more peace, better sleep, better mood, and better relationship connections with others at home and/or at work. Becoming a better you will be one of the best investments you will ever make. Call today to set up an appointment to discuss your particular situation.
(805) 312-7263 View (805) 312-7263
Photo of Linda Comin, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Linda Comin
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Today’s world presents each of us many challenges. Life’s challenges, are our best classrooms because they present us with dilemmas that necessitate stimulating solutions. As a practicing psychologist for decades, I know all too well that these solutions can be difficult to access. At times we simply do not have the life experience to meet the current challenging situation. This is when it is beneficial to obtain an outside, unbiased, and alternative solution. For each of us these challenges may be different, such as, personal, spiritual, educational, career, illness, or grief.
Today’s world presents each of us many challenges. Life’s challenges, are our best classrooms because they present us with dilemmas that necessitate stimulating solutions. As a practicing psychologist for decades, I know all too well that these solutions can be difficult to access. At times we simply do not have the life experience to meet the current challenging situation. This is when it is beneficial to obtain an outside, unbiased, and alternative solution. For each of us these challenges may be different, such as, personal, spiritual, educational, career, illness, or grief.
(805) 519-8701 View (805) 519-8701
Photo of Noretta Kronstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Noretta Kronstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Is your child struggling with emotional or social issues at home or in school? Do you feel lost on how best to support your child at this time? Maybe you feel exhausted and frustrated from constant disagreements, tantrums, and meltdowns. I know how challenging it can be when your child is going through a difficult time. The good news is therapy can help. I come to your home for our sessions, where your child is most comfortable so I can get to know who they truly are. I see children and adolescents (7-17yrs), and their families, to help them learn the skills they need to build resilience and confidence.
Is your child struggling with emotional or social issues at home or in school? Do you feel lost on how best to support your child at this time? Maybe you feel exhausted and frustrated from constant disagreements, tantrums, and meltdowns. I know how challenging it can be when your child is going through a difficult time. The good news is therapy can help. I come to your home for our sessions, where your child is most comfortable so I can get to know who they truly are. I see children and adolescents (7-17yrs), and their families, to help them learn the skills they need to build resilience and confidence.
(805) 819-2615 View (805) 819-2615
Photo of Elizabeth B Bailey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Elizabeth B Bailey
Marriage & Family Therapist, RN, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320  (Online Only)
My focus is on mental wellbeing. I work with a full range of psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment issues, and trauma. I am especially interested in medical illness and in family caregiving. I draw upon my experience and training in providing understanding and support for your individual needs. I am seeing clients throughout the state of California via telehealth.
My focus is on mental wellbeing. I work with a full range of psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment issues, and trauma. I am especially interested in medical illness and in family caregiving. I draw upon my experience and training in providing understanding and support for your individual needs. I am seeing clients throughout the state of California via telehealth.
(310) 905-8448 View (310) 905-8448
Photo of Kathryn Potts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Kathryn Potts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320  (Online Only)
Kathy Potts is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 9 years in the field of counseling. Kathy has a strong background in working with adolescents who have criminal behavior and with their families for the purpose of reunification. She also has experience working with grief and loss with all ages. Kathy specializes in trauma work, relationship issues, family counseling, grief and loss, and major life transitions. She feels strongly about helping others move forward through life's challenges with hope. Kathy’s personal experience as a wife and mother of six has allowed her a diverse outlook on overcoming stress and family.
Kathy Potts is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 9 years in the field of counseling. Kathy has a strong background in working with adolescents who have criminal behavior and with their families for the purpose of reunification. She also has experience working with grief and loss with all ages. Kathy specializes in trauma work, relationship issues, family counseling, grief and loss, and major life transitions. She feels strongly about helping others move forward through life's challenges with hope. Kathy’s personal experience as a wife and mother of six has allowed her a diverse outlook on overcoming stress and family.
(805) 549-4478 View (805) 549-4478
Photo of Sophie Katz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Thousand Oaks, CA
Sophie Katz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
My ideal client is open, honest, and willing. Therapeutic work is not always easy, but as long as you are open to whatever hurdles you may face, I am confident I can help you through them. I want to help you first and foremost understand what it is you are going through. I then want to provide education about how it happens, what it means, and how it can be handled. Many people want to be seen and heard and know that the person sitting across from them guiding them through vulnerable experiences understands what they are going through. I am committed to getting to know you and how I can help.
My ideal client is open, honest, and willing. Therapeutic work is not always easy, but as long as you are open to whatever hurdles you may face, I am confident I can help you through them. I want to help you first and foremost understand what it is you are going through. I then want to provide education about how it happens, what it means, and how it can be handled. Many people want to be seen and heard and know that the person sitting across from them guiding them through vulnerable experiences understands what they are going through. I am committed to getting to know you and how I can help.
(805) 652-2511 View (805) 652-2511
Photo of Christine A. Harrington, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Christine A. Harrington
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91361
I appreciate very much that you are taking the time to read my page today! I take my job very seriously and thoughtfully and have the utmost respect for your desire to find some help for yourself or a loved one. I think that your story is important. Both professionally and personally, I know that feeling Depressed or Anxious or a combination of both can really effect our lives. Though I work with all ages, I tend to see Teens and Young Adults as well as Couples and Families in addressing issues resulting from these conditions.
I appreciate very much that you are taking the time to read my page today! I take my job very seriously and thoughtfully and have the utmost respect for your desire to find some help for yourself or a loved one. I think that your story is important. Both professionally and personally, I know that feeling Depressed or Anxious or a combination of both can really effect our lives. Though I work with all ages, I tend to see Teens and Young Adults as well as Couples and Families in addressing issues resulting from these conditions.
(805) 725-5373 View (805) 725-5373

See more therapy options for Thousand Oaks

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Cigna and Evernorth
65% Optum
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Thousand Oaks?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.