Therapists in Reno, NV

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Photo of Samantha Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Reno, NV
Samantha Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, LMFT I
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
As someone who coached volleyball around the country for years, I have coached and interacted with a variety of children, adolescents, adults, and families from diverse backgrounds. Through coaching volleyball, I learned that my passion for helping others and coaching could eventually bring about a bigger purpose for me. Helping others to cope with a variety of life’s challenges while also decreasing negative self talk and increasing self love are some of the aspects I enjoy focusing on in session.
As someone who coached volleyball around the country for years, I have coached and interacted with a variety of children, adolescents, adults, and families from diverse backgrounds. Through coaching volleyball, I learned that my passion for helping others and coaching could eventually bring about a bigger purpose for me. Helping others to cope with a variety of life’s challenges while also decreasing negative self talk and increasing self love are some of the aspects I enjoy focusing on in session.
(775) 227-0379 View (775) 227-0379
Photo of Lynn L Dyas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Lynn L Dyas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LCADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503
As a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapist, I focus on treatment that addresses blocks to living a full and productive life. My goals are to help clients understand self-defeating patterns or dynamics that may be sabotaging their lives, heal attachment ruptures, provide support while practicing new behaviors, work through challenging situations or life crises, and learn to identify existing while teaching new strengths and skills. Our objective as a team will be to enhance your quality of life by helping you reach your fullest personal and professional potential.
As a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapist, I focus on treatment that addresses blocks to living a full and productive life. My goals are to help clients understand self-defeating patterns or dynamics that may be sabotaging their lives, heal attachment ruptures, provide support while practicing new behaviors, work through challenging situations or life crises, and learn to identify existing while teaching new strengths and skills. Our objective as a team will be to enhance your quality of life by helping you reach your fullest personal and professional potential.
(775) 589-2017 View (775) 589-2017
Photo of Krista Silva, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Krista Silva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89501
I work with children approximately 4-12 years old and their families who may be in need of additional support due to a variety of reasons such as loss, trauma, school issues, anxiety etc.
I work with children approximately 4-12 years old and their families who may be in need of additional support due to a variety of reasons such as loss, trauma, school issues, anxiety etc.
(775) 587-2054 View (775) 587-2054
Photo of Sarah M Henry, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Sarah M Henry
Psychologist, PhD, CPC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89523  (Online Only)
You feel like maybe there’s a rule book for life that you missed. You thought that once you got to this point in your career, you’d feel great, but instead of feeling confident and energized, you’re trapped. Your demanding job has left you anxious, overwhelmed, burned out, and underperforming. You've heard that you just need to prioritize better, lower your expectations, or do less - but none of that is working. Just like you, I know that doing less isn’t an option. So let’s do it better.
You feel like maybe there’s a rule book for life that you missed. You thought that once you got to this point in your career, you’d feel great, but instead of feeling confident and energized, you’re trapped. Your demanding job has left you anxious, overwhelmed, burned out, and underperforming. You've heard that you just need to prioritize better, lower your expectations, or do less - but none of that is working. Just like you, I know that doing less isn’t an option. So let’s do it better.
(775) 500-0394 View (775) 500-0394
Photo of Elysia Oliver, Licensed Professional Counselor in Reno, NV
Elysia Oliver
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
Sometimes we get stuck. We’ve done everything we know to help ourselves, then comes a time when we need some extra support to figure out the rest. Counseling can be a place to gain clarity about what you're going through and learn how to be your most true and thriving self. I often support children, individuals and families struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, irritability/anger, and new transitions in their lives.
Sometimes we get stuck. We’ve done everything we know to help ourselves, then comes a time when we need some extra support to figure out the rest. Counseling can be a place to gain clarity about what you're going through and learn how to be your most true and thriving self. I often support children, individuals and families struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, irritability/anger, and new transitions in their lives.
(775) 522-9644 View (775) 522-9644
Photo of Jamie Lyn Peterson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Reno, NV
Jamie Lyn Peterson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-I
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503
Do you want to change how you feel on a daily basis? Are there old patterns that are no longer serving you or your relationships with others? Life is full of transitions and situations that can feel overwhelming and difficult to navigate. Often, it can be difficult to find a name for our emotions. I enjoy working with people who are eager to learn more about themselves; yet are struggling to voice their needs and have learned to keep themselves connected by either over-giving, people pleasing or isolating. Together, we can work towards deconstructing internalized messages to help you find your authentic voice.
Do you want to change how you feel on a daily basis? Are there old patterns that are no longer serving you or your relationships with others? Life is full of transitions and situations that can feel overwhelming and difficult to navigate. Often, it can be difficult to find a name for our emotions. I enjoy working with people who are eager to learn more about themselves; yet are struggling to voice their needs and have learned to keep themselves connected by either over-giving, people pleasing or isolating. Together, we can work towards deconstructing internalized messages to help you find your authentic voice.
(775) 522-9511 View (775) 522-9511
Photo of Stephen Mayville, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Stephen Mayville
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89521
I offer Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to individuals, couples, and families. My training and experience as a clinical psychologist spans across a wide range of clients and includes both adults and children.
I offer Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to individuals, couples, and families. My training and experience as a clinical psychologist spans across a wide range of clients and includes both adults and children.
(775) 583-5273 View (775) 583-5273
Photo of Matthew Boland, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Matthew Boland
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509  (Online Only)
Hi. I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing from an integrative approach. Basically what that means is that I utilize a number of research-based therapeutic approaches, but tailor them to your individual needs. These approaches are coupled with empathy and meeting you where you’re at in the difficulties you have experienced and the journey you are on. Approaches include: cognitive-behavioral therapy, CPT for PTSD, behavioral activation, exposure therapies, acceptance-based approaches, interpersonal and social skills, positive emotion enhancement, brief psychodynamic approaches, functional analysis, structured assessment.
Hi. I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing from an integrative approach. Basically what that means is that I utilize a number of research-based therapeutic approaches, but tailor them to your individual needs. These approaches are coupled with empathy and meeting you where you’re at in the difficulties you have experienced and the journey you are on. Approaches include: cognitive-behavioral therapy, CPT for PTSD, behavioral activation, exposure therapies, acceptance-based approaches, interpersonal and social skills, positive emotion enhancement, brief psychodynamic approaches, functional analysis, structured assessment.
(775) 402-3241 View (775) 402-3241
Photo of Jayde Gilmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Jayde Gilmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509
Immediate openings! I draw from a wide range of treatment methods to create your customized treatment plan to help with addiction, trauma symptoms, depression, and/or anxiety. I have specialized training and shared life experience with ADHD both as a parent and having ADHD myself. I have experience working with clients have experienced simple or complex traumas, those who identify with an LGBTQ+ identity, clients with legal concerns, as well as those with substance and alcohol abuse.
Immediate openings! I draw from a wide range of treatment methods to create your customized treatment plan to help with addiction, trauma symptoms, depression, and/or anxiety. I have specialized training and shared life experience with ADHD both as a parent and having ADHD myself. I have experience working with clients have experienced simple or complex traumas, those who identify with an LGBTQ+ identity, clients with legal concerns, as well as those with substance and alcohol abuse.
(775) 258-7195 View (775) 258-7195
Photo of Frank Flores, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Reno, NV
Frank Flores
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, CPC, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89502
Life can be stressful and unpredictable. I seek to provide counseling to individuals, couples, and families who are looking for support in their times of need. We each have stories that our minds create in order to make sense of things. These stories speak to our identities, abilities, competencies, actions, relationships, achievements, fears and failures. I wish to hear the life narratives that my clients are struggling with and assist them in constructing new positive stories about themselves and the struggles they are facing.
Life can be stressful and unpredictable. I seek to provide counseling to individuals, couples, and families who are looking for support in their times of need. We each have stories that our minds create in order to make sense of things. These stories speak to our identities, abilities, competencies, actions, relationships, achievements, fears and failures. I wish to hear the life narratives that my clients are struggling with and assist them in constructing new positive stories about themselves and the struggles they are facing.
(775) 581-4390 View (775) 581-4390
Photo of Amanda Cuevas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Reno, NV
Amanda Cuevas
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-i
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89501
My hope is to help you identify your goals. While providing a safe space for your self-discovery, I will introduce you to tried and true approaches that will help you clarify today's problems, your dreams for tomorrow and identify past issues that led to present challenges. We are all continually moving through different spaces and phases of life, trying to establish who we are and what is important to us. Adjusting to a continuously changing environment can be difficult if you lack the support to grow and thrive. My objective is to supply you with these tools that will bring about your highest good now and as your move forward.
My hope is to help you identify your goals. While providing a safe space for your self-discovery, I will introduce you to tried and true approaches that will help you clarify today's problems, your dreams for tomorrow and identify past issues that led to present challenges. We are all continually moving through different spaces and phases of life, trying to establish who we are and what is important to us. Adjusting to a continuously changing environment can be difficult if you lack the support to grow and thrive. My objective is to supply you with these tools that will bring about your highest good now and as your move forward.
(775) 476-1897 View (775) 476-1897
Photo of Dr. Tony Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Dr. Tony Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509  (Online Only)
Is your relationship crumbling beneath you and you have no idea whether it can or should be saved? Do you sometimes feel like the walls are closing in and you just can’t breathe? Do you find yourself experiencing increasing difficulty leaving your home even getting out of bed in the morning? You are dealing with something really hard, but you don’t have to do it alone. Dr. Martinez has a wide range of experience working successfully with children, teens, couples adults, and veterans. He treats clients that suffer from anxiety, depression, phobias, low self-esteem, and trauma.
Is your relationship crumbling beneath you and you have no idea whether it can or should be saved? Do you sometimes feel like the walls are closing in and you just can’t breathe? Do you find yourself experiencing increasing difficulty leaving your home even getting out of bed in the morning? You are dealing with something really hard, but you don’t have to do it alone. Dr. Martinez has a wide range of experience working successfully with children, teens, couples adults, and veterans. He treats clients that suffer from anxiety, depression, phobias, low self-esteem, and trauma.
(775) 277-6624 View (775) 277-6624
Photo of Luke Cylke, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Luke Cylke
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
I try to view the majority of mental health issues through a holistic lens, taking into account and understanding the micro and macro level variables that impact one's mental health concerns (from diet, biology, and family system difficulties, to socioeconomic class and cultural and religious views). I am skeptical of the biomedical model of mental health that often minimizes the role of environmental context while viewing symptoms as pathological things that need to be cured, rather than coping mechanisms that need to be understood.
I try to view the majority of mental health issues through a holistic lens, taking into account and understanding the micro and macro level variables that impact one's mental health concerns (from diet, biology, and family system difficulties, to socioeconomic class and cultural and religious views). I am skeptical of the biomedical model of mental health that often minimizes the role of environmental context while viewing symptoms as pathological things that need to be cured, rather than coping mechanisms that need to be understood.
(775) 251-9180 View (775) 251-9180
Photo of Amaia Oiz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Amaia Oiz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89503  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself exhausted, struggling to maintain relationships, and questioning if this is all there is? Worrying at night when you need to be sleeping? Are you searching for more meaning and connection? These challenges manifest in dissatisfying jobs, difficulties with intimacy, people pleasing, self-doubt, an inability to set boundaries, or lacking purpose. You are doing your best, but its still not good enough? Reconnecting with your intuition, standing in your power, and manifesting the life you truly deserve can be difficult tasks. The good news is that you can make change today by starting therapy. I honor your courage.
Do you find yourself exhausted, struggling to maintain relationships, and questioning if this is all there is? Worrying at night when you need to be sleeping? Are you searching for more meaning and connection? These challenges manifest in dissatisfying jobs, difficulties with intimacy, people pleasing, self-doubt, an inability to set boundaries, or lacking purpose. You are doing your best, but its still not good enough? Reconnecting with your intuition, standing in your power, and manifesting the life you truly deserve can be difficult tasks. The good news is that you can make change today by starting therapy. I honor your courage.
(775) 319-6093 View (775) 319-6093
Photo of Jessica S Pribila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Jessica S Pribila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503
Completed Level 3 Training Gottman Methods Couples Therapy. Wow, life can certainly be wild at times. Curveballs can be much easier if you have a person who believes in you, your strengths, and your abilities along the way. As a therapist, I believe we all have endless strengths, we are here, at this moment getting what we need and using our skills to do that. A lot can be said for showing up. We can only go up from here and learn even more skills to improve our lives. That is what therapy can do. Whether these things are big or small, growth is good and you deserve it. Invest in yourself.
Completed Level 3 Training Gottman Methods Couples Therapy. Wow, life can certainly be wild at times. Curveballs can be much easier if you have a person who believes in you, your strengths, and your abilities along the way. As a therapist, I believe we all have endless strengths, we are here, at this moment getting what we need and using our skills to do that. A lot can be said for showing up. We can only go up from here and learn even more skills to improve our lives. That is what therapy can do. Whether these things are big or small, growth is good and you deserve it. Invest in yourself.
(775) 924-1716 View (775) 924-1716
Photo of Jamie Harney, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Reno, NV
Jamie Harney
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
I often work with clients who struggle with anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, and life transitions. My goal is to have clients leave therapy feeling authentic, self-assured, and able to create meaning from their experiences. As a clinical intern, I conducted out-patient individual, family, and couples counseling. I have worked with families with children as young as 5 years old through a Child Parent Psychotherapy approach and thoroughly enjoy working with teens. I strive to meet clients where they are at in whatever they are facing and walk alongside them.
I often work with clients who struggle with anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, and life transitions. My goal is to have clients leave therapy feeling authentic, self-assured, and able to create meaning from their experiences. As a clinical intern, I conducted out-patient individual, family, and couples counseling. I have worked with families with children as young as 5 years old through a Child Parent Psychotherapy approach and thoroughly enjoy working with teens. I strive to meet clients where they are at in whatever they are facing and walk alongside them.
(775) 402-2377 x01 View (775) 402-2377 x01
Photo of Kimberly Bernstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Kimberly Bernstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients!- Cant stop thinking about food? Fear of being Fat? Fear of never being good enough? Or do you eat to avoid your life? Have you been on a diet for decades in an attempt to actually like your body? But that day just hasn’t come… You keep waking up hoping something changes, yet it’s the same old cycle with food, weight and body image, day after day. Do your fears about your body get in the way of socialization? Do you avoid things you used to enjoy? Restaurants? Potlucks? Swimming suits? Do you wish you could just live fearlessly? Free from the endless drama of food and weight? I can help!
Accepting new clients!- Cant stop thinking about food? Fear of being Fat? Fear of never being good enough? Or do you eat to avoid your life? Have you been on a diet for decades in an attempt to actually like your body? But that day just hasn’t come… You keep waking up hoping something changes, yet it’s the same old cycle with food, weight and body image, day after day. Do your fears about your body get in the way of socialization? Do you avoid things you used to enjoy? Restaurants? Potlucks? Swimming suits? Do you wish you could just live fearlessly? Free from the endless drama of food and weight? I can help!
(775) 277-2629 View (775) 277-2629
Photo of Steven Ing, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Steven Ing
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Over 30 years in private practice, Steven Ing, M.A., MFT, is dedicated to treating individuals, couples, families and groups with sensitivity, consummate care and respect. It is very difficult to change what we cannot face, and Steven provides a safe environment to resolve our most uncomfortable and difficult life challenges. In 2023, Steven was appointed as a community faculty member at the University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine to present and educate students and faculty on sexual topics.
Over 30 years in private practice, Steven Ing, M.A., MFT, is dedicated to treating individuals, couples, families and groups with sensitivity, consummate care and respect. It is very difficult to change what we cannot face, and Steven provides a safe environment to resolve our most uncomfortable and difficult life challenges. In 2023, Steven was appointed as a community faculty member at the University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine to present and educate students and faculty on sexual topics.
(775) 204-3697 View (775) 204-3697
Photo of The Mindful Lemon Marriage and Family Therapy INC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
The Mindful Lemon Marriage and Family Therapy INC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511  (Online Only)
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office-based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, and what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness, and fitness, or any combination of the above.
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office-based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, and what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness, and fitness, or any combination of the above.
(775) 535-8682 View (775) 535-8682
Photo of Jeanne M Molloy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Jeanne M Molloy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502
I can help individuals, families, and children heal from traumatic experiences. I can help you with relationship issues. The most important relationship is the one with yourself. I have experience working with self-esteem issues, domestic violence, child neglect, child trauma, adult trauma, and sexual assault cases. I use Virginia Satir, cognitive behavioral, and choice theories. Using play therapy techniques (both child directed and Gestalt), I can help children age 2 and up. I have training in helping people of all ages with Downs Syndrome.
I can help individuals, families, and children heal from traumatic experiences. I can help you with relationship issues. The most important relationship is the one with yourself. I have experience working with self-esteem issues, domestic violence, child neglect, child trauma, adult trauma, and sexual assault cases. I use Virginia Satir, cognitive behavioral, and choice theories. Using play therapy techniques (both child directed and Gestalt), I can help children age 2 and up. I have training in helping people of all ages with Downs Syndrome.
(775) 298-8582 View (775) 298-8582

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reno, NV

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Reno, NV who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
62% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Hometown Health

How Therapists in Reno, NV see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.