Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of David Bowman Volker, Counselor in Berkeley, CA
David Bowman Volker
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
Our experiences and lives are each unique, filled with a rich depth of nuance and meaning. I believe one of the profound ways therapy heals is in offering space for something vitally nutritive yet rare: presence that is both committed and neutral. This both intimate and non-reactive/nonjudgmental "being with” of contact with another, and with ourselves, of simply touching and holding our experiences, I believe communicates value and holds deep power for transformation. While trauma encodes in our nervous systems, beliefs and self-talk, neuroplasticity means that our brains can change with new experiences- internal and interpersonal.
Our experiences and lives are each unique, filled with a rich depth of nuance and meaning. I believe one of the profound ways therapy heals is in offering space for something vitally nutritive yet rare: presence that is both committed and neutral. This both intimate and non-reactive/nonjudgmental "being with” of contact with another, and with ourselves, of simply touching and holding our experiences, I believe communicates value and holds deep power for transformation. While trauma encodes in our nervous systems, beliefs and self-talk, neuroplasticity means that our brains can change with new experiences- internal and interpersonal.
(341) 895-7598 View (341) 895-7598
Photo of Pooja Sharma, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Pooja Sharma
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I recognize that seeking therapy means that you or a loved one have determined a need for connection beyond that of friends and family. Knowing how difficult and intimidating this outreach can be, as a psychologist I strive to establish a safe space where clients can speak freely and be listened to intently. The work we do together is about creating an alliance that allows you to delve into painful memories and face feelings that can be frightening or uncomfortable. We do this work in collaboration, so I can hear your stories, and create a meaningful relationship.
I recognize that seeking therapy means that you or a loved one have determined a need for connection beyond that of friends and family. Knowing how difficult and intimidating this outreach can be, as a psychologist I strive to establish a safe space where clients can speak freely and be listened to intently. The work we do together is about creating an alliance that allows you to delve into painful memories and face feelings that can be frightening or uncomfortable. We do this work in collaboration, so I can hear your stories, and create a meaningful relationship.
(510) 824-8019 View (510) 824-8019
Photo of Gioia Schuler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Gioia Schuler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
(510) 726-6246 View (510) 726-6246
Photo of Rae C Hipolito, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Rae C Hipolito
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Create joy and inner calm in your life. My role is to guide you in coming back to your wholeness. I am passionate about helping you heal your wounded parts. This wounding may show up as depression, anxiety, or PTSD in adulthood. My approach is heart-based; it is a fusion of experiential, somatic/body-oriented (releasing emotional pain which is stored in our bodies), gestalt, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, hypnosis, and internal family systems approaches. I don't focus on analyzing nor intellectualizing your past. We visit the past to let go of any pain or heal trauma.
Create joy and inner calm in your life. My role is to guide you in coming back to your wholeness. I am passionate about helping you heal your wounded parts. This wounding may show up as depression, anxiety, or PTSD in adulthood. My approach is heart-based; it is a fusion of experiential, somatic/body-oriented (releasing emotional pain which is stored in our bodies), gestalt, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, hypnosis, and internal family systems approaches. I don't focus on analyzing nor intellectualizing your past. We visit the past to let go of any pain or heal trauma.
(949) 537-2883 View (949) 537-2883
Photo of Meredith Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Meredith Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I provide a safe environment for clients to express their concerns. My style is direct and collaborative with the aim of helping the client manage their symptoms by improving their coping skills and ability to look at their situation with a new perspective that instills hope and lessens their suffering.
As a therapist, I provide a safe environment for clients to express their concerns. My style is direct and collaborative with the aim of helping the client manage their symptoms by improving their coping skills and ability to look at their situation with a new perspective that instills hope and lessens their suffering.
(408) 668-1913 View (408) 668-1913
Photo of Wing Yee Wong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Wing Yee Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, EdS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
You are here for a reason. You may have been feeling anxious for a while or feeling persistently sad; you may want to correct some of the dysfunctional patterns in your life and improve the quality of your relationships; you may feel stuck and unable to move forward in life. Perhaps you have found yourself entangled with self-blame or even self-hatred. Whatever you have gone through in the past or what you are going through right now, you do not have to continue to suffer. You have taken the first step towards change.
You are here for a reason. You may have been feeling anxious for a while or feeling persistently sad; you may want to correct some of the dysfunctional patterns in your life and improve the quality of your relationships; you may feel stuck and unable to move forward in life. Perhaps you have found yourself entangled with self-blame or even self-hatred. Whatever you have gone through in the past or what you are going through right now, you do not have to continue to suffer. You have taken the first step towards change.
(510) 900-9068 View (510) 900-9068
Photo of Erica K Wandner, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Erica K Wandner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes our emotional states can distract or even derail us. These states can get overwhelming and cause us to lose confidence, act self destructively and withdraw from others. Engaging in a supportive relationship with an experienced psychotherapist is useful at these times. In my practice I work with clients who are navigating relationship challenges, life transitions and the difficulties of developing and achieving an important life goal. My approach is interactive and collaborative with the aim of creating a respectful and caring environment that will facilitate exploration and growth.
Sometimes our emotional states can distract or even derail us. These states can get overwhelming and cause us to lose confidence, act self destructively and withdraw from others. Engaging in a supportive relationship with an experienced psychotherapist is useful at these times. In my practice I work with clients who are navigating relationship challenges, life transitions and the difficulties of developing and achieving an important life goal. My approach is interactive and collaborative with the aim of creating a respectful and caring environment that will facilitate exploration and growth.
(341) 222-3551 View (341) 222-3551
Photo of Matthew Moreno, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Matthew Moreno
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
In person appointments available. I work with adults, providing both individual and couples therapy. I use evidence based practices to help clients effectively address anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulties in relationships, as well as supporting clients who aren't living their lives the way they want. I particularly have a passion for helping adults who had abusive/neglectful childhoods. Everyone deserves to be happy and to get the support they need to heal from whatever they've gone through.
In person appointments available. I work with adults, providing both individual and couples therapy. I use evidence based practices to help clients effectively address anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulties in relationships, as well as supporting clients who aren't living their lives the way they want. I particularly have a passion for helping adults who had abusive/neglectful childhoods. Everyone deserves to be happy and to get the support they need to heal from whatever they've gone through.
(415) 675-1848 View (415) 675-1848
Photo of Christine K Pess, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Christine K Pess
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I offer both short and long-term therapy with adolescents, adults and seniors. I am experienced with anxiety, grief, depression, identity exploration, relationship issues and trauma. I strive to create a comfortable, accepting and encouraging space, and I believe that the quality of the relationship between therapist and client is essential to the work.
I offer both short and long-term therapy with adolescents, adults and seniors. I am experienced with anxiety, grief, depression, identity exploration, relationship issues and trauma. I strive to create a comfortable, accepting and encouraging space, and I believe that the quality of the relationship between therapist and client is essential to the work.
(510) 288-5115 View (510) 288-5115
Photo of Anna Loscutoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Anna Loscutoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I meet people where they are at in their story. My goal is to walk along side people to discover their own resources for healing. I listen deeply. I bring a non judgmental presence that creates a safe place to talk about who they are, where they have been, and where they want to be. I am able to balance empathy with constructive challenge. I work with individuals, couples, and families of all ages that struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, grief/loss and family dynamics.
I meet people where they are at in their story. My goal is to walk along side people to discover their own resources for healing. I listen deeply. I bring a non judgmental presence that creates a safe place to talk about who they are, where they have been, and where they want to be. I am able to balance empathy with constructive challenge. I work with individuals, couples, and families of all ages that struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, grief/loss and family dynamics.
(510) 548-5858 x545 View (510) 548-5858 x545
Photo of Shari Gleicher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Shari Gleicher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
It takes courage to ask for help - and finding the right therapist is not easy. I offer experienced and compassionate psychotherapy that is also convenient and flexible. Therapy can be short-term and focused, geared toward providing true relief from anxiety, depression, and emotional patterns that contribute to poor health and chronic pain. I apply my experience of over 20 years in integrated healthcare settings, utilizing a holistic lens to work with you to construct a comprehensive health improvement plan that is specific to your individual needs.
It takes courage to ask for help - and finding the right therapist is not easy. I offer experienced and compassionate psychotherapy that is also convenient and flexible. Therapy can be short-term and focused, geared toward providing true relief from anxiety, depression, and emotional patterns that contribute to poor health and chronic pain. I apply my experience of over 20 years in integrated healthcare settings, utilizing a holistic lens to work with you to construct a comprehensive health improvement plan that is specific to your individual needs.
(510) 930-0908 View (510) 930-0908
Photo of Alex Keller, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Alex Keller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
In my practice, I work with individuals, couples or families on a variety of topics, including work and school stress, couple's, and physical health issues. I also work with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and with those in the LGBTQ community. I completed my MFT (Master's in family therapy) degree in 2013, and later completed my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I work with children (ages 8 and above), adults, couples, and families.
In my practice, I work with individuals, couples or families on a variety of topics, including work and school stress, couple's, and physical health issues. I also work with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and with those in the LGBTQ community. I completed my MFT (Master's in family therapy) degree in 2013, and later completed my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I work with children (ages 8 and above), adults, couples, and families.
(341) 999-7009 View (341) 999-7009
Photo of Dr. Douglas Vakoch - Green Psychotherapy, PC, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Douglas Vakoch - Green Psychotherapy, PC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
33 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
It takes courage to start therapy. The very fact that you’re considering it probably means you’re getting ready to make some significant changes in your life. My approach to therapy focuses on understanding and accepting you as you are right now, and creating a safe space where you can figure out where you want to go from here. We’ll work together as you get ready to make the sometimes tough (and rewarding) changes that will give you a better life. As a therapist, I am guided by intuition as well as research, as reflected in my books "Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress," "Eco-Anxiety and Planetary Hope," and "Transgender India."
It takes courage to start therapy. The very fact that you’re considering it probably means you’re getting ready to make some significant changes in your life. My approach to therapy focuses on understanding and accepting you as you are right now, and creating a safe space where you can figure out where you want to go from here. We’ll work together as you get ready to make the sometimes tough (and rewarding) changes that will give you a better life. As a therapist, I am guided by intuition as well as research, as reflected in my books "Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress," "Eco-Anxiety and Planetary Hope," and "Transgender India."
(510) 298-5657 View (510) 298-5657
Photo of Vivek Anand, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Vivek Anand
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MArch, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
You are hurting, or anxious, are considering psychotherapy and whether to trust me to facilitate your healing. My experience with adults, couples and children will support your inner journey and that of loved ones. We will create space for you to contemplate internal, external and relationship challenges. Through an attuned therapeutic relationship, I will help you address internal challenges - depression, anxiety and trauma. Empathically, I help you face external challenges - discrimination, immigration and life transitions. I also support you in navigating relationships, in which your internal worlds connect with those of others.
You are hurting, or anxious, are considering psychotherapy and whether to trust me to facilitate your healing. My experience with adults, couples and children will support your inner journey and that of loved ones. We will create space for you to contemplate internal, external and relationship challenges. Through an attuned therapeutic relationship, I will help you address internal challenges - depression, anxiety and trauma. Empathically, I help you face external challenges - discrimination, immigration and life transitions. I also support you in navigating relationships, in which your internal worlds connect with those of others.
(415) 965-7434 View (415) 965-7434
Photo of Valerie Alt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Valerie Alt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Deciding to start therapy marks the start of a meaningful journey. Life is full of transitions that can make us feel lost, untethered, and stuck in limbo. My goal as a therapist is to help individuals thoughtfully navigate these crossroads and feel empowered to take steps towards a life they want to live.
Deciding to start therapy marks the start of a meaningful journey. Life is full of transitions that can make us feel lost, untethered, and stuck in limbo. My goal as a therapist is to help individuals thoughtfully navigate these crossroads and feel empowered to take steps towards a life they want to live.
(415) 319-6052 View (415) 319-6052
Photo of Yumi Iwai, Counselor in Berkeley, CA
Yumi Iwai
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Are you feeling stuck, isolated, or afraid? Life is a constant transition; it never stays the same. It is understandable to feel uncertainty, self-doubt, and even fear. When faced with these feelings, many people turn to themselves, wondering what’s wrong with them. You are not alone. I understand how scary it is to feel like you have to move forward all by yourself in these trying times. Now, more than ever, I believe that human connection fosters one’s innate potential to open the door and see the possibilities that are waiting on the other side. I would be honored to bear witness to your courageous journey.
Are you feeling stuck, isolated, or afraid? Life is a constant transition; it never stays the same. It is understandable to feel uncertainty, self-doubt, and even fear. When faced with these feelings, many people turn to themselves, wondering what’s wrong with them. You are not alone. I understand how scary it is to feel like you have to move forward all by yourself in these trying times. Now, more than ever, I believe that human connection fosters one’s innate potential to open the door and see the possibilities that are waiting on the other side. I would be honored to bear witness to your courageous journey.
(341) 444-2943 View (341) 444-2943
Photo of Cecilia Ding; Healing Stressed Out Overachievers, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Cecilia Ding; Healing Stressed Out Overachievers
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, EMDR, IFS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Do you feel you deserve more but can’t seem to ask for it? Do you feel you are always giving but does not receive enough in return? Do you feel exhausted managing career, family and relationships perfectly, leaving very little room for caring for yourself. You know you should speak up, you know you deserve to be promoted, cared more and paid more, but can’t seem find ways to express those needs! Others might even look up to you for all of what you do and are, but you feel like a fraud sometimes for how scared and stressed you feel. How can you feel happy when you don’t believe in yourself? You just want to be good enough and loved.
Do you feel you deserve more but can’t seem to ask for it? Do you feel you are always giving but does not receive enough in return? Do you feel exhausted managing career, family and relationships perfectly, leaving very little room for caring for yourself. You know you should speak up, you know you deserve to be promoted, cared more and paid more, but can’t seem find ways to express those needs! Others might even look up to you for all of what you do and are, but you feel like a fraud sometimes for how scared and stressed you feel. How can you feel happy when you don’t believe in yourself? You just want to be good enough and loved.
(415) 842-1277 View (415) 842-1277
Photo of Kamela Monique Peart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kamela Monique Peart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a licensed therapist with over 10 years experience and an extensive background in trauma, childhood abuse, depression, anxiety, parenting, children of divorce, identity formation and relational/attachment issues. We can work together to develop healthy coping skills and healing that allow you to live in your most healthy life. In this healing space, we can address your anxiety, depression, fears, anger, grief and trauma in a safe, caring, empathetic and non-judgmental environment, meeting you where you are.
I am a licensed therapist with over 10 years experience and an extensive background in trauma, childhood abuse, depression, anxiety, parenting, children of divorce, identity formation and relational/attachment issues. We can work together to develop healthy coping skills and healing that allow you to live in your most healthy life. In this healing space, we can address your anxiety, depression, fears, anger, grief and trauma in a safe, caring, empathetic and non-judgmental environment, meeting you where you are.
(510) 631-7399 View (510) 631-7399
Photo of Barbara Claire Freeman, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Claire Freeman
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708
Sometimes it seems life asks us to bear the unbearable. A heartbreaking loss, difficult transition, illness of yourself or loved one, the lack of anything that might make your life meaningful and pleasurable—these are some of the issues I respond to and can help with. If you’re suffering or your life lacks purpose look at my website and, if you feel a connection, please reach out. I work from a generous and flexible sliding scale and am committed to providing accessible treatment. Whatever you’re facing, you don’t have to do this alone. Psychoanalytic therapy, especially as practiced by Lacanian analysts, can be transformative.
Sometimes it seems life asks us to bear the unbearable. A heartbreaking loss, difficult transition, illness of yourself or loved one, the lack of anything that might make your life meaningful and pleasurable—these are some of the issues I respond to and can help with. If you’re suffering or your life lacks purpose look at my website and, if you feel a connection, please reach out. I work from a generous and flexible sliding scale and am committed to providing accessible treatment. Whatever you’re facing, you don’t have to do this alone. Psychoanalytic therapy, especially as practiced by Lacanian analysts, can be transformative.
(341) 888-7964 View (341) 888-7964
Photo of Peter Silen, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Peter Silen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Therapy is an opportunity. When familiar ways of being in the world no longer prove useful, therapy offers the possibility of discovering aspects of ourselves that can help us lead a richer, more fulfilling life. I offer both short-term treatment and long-term intensive treatment depending on your needs. Working to develop a safe relationship we can explore together how past events and patterns of relating to others contribute to difficulties with the goal of improving relationships and issues at work, and to help you achieve a more stable and fulfilling sense of who you are in the world.
Therapy is an opportunity. When familiar ways of being in the world no longer prove useful, therapy offers the possibility of discovering aspects of ourselves that can help us lead a richer, more fulfilling life. I offer both short-term treatment and long-term intensive treatment depending on your needs. Working to develop a safe relationship we can explore together how past events and patterns of relating to others contribute to difficulties with the goal of improving relationships and issues at work, and to help you achieve a more stable and fulfilling sense of who you are in the world.
(510) 606-9823 View (510) 606-9823

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.