Therapists in Lovingston, VA

Photo of Bren Boseman Seed, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Bren Boseman Seed
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lovingston, VA 22949  (Online Only)
It is my great honor to support those who are anticipating a great loss or actively grieving one. The loss might be a loved one or it could be a job, a relationship, a home, etc. I also work with clients who are facing terminal illness and their own death and want to do so with compassion and intention. I deeply trust our innate drive to grieve and heal. I do not see people through a diagnosis or pathology lens. I believe that even symptoms of illness are our unconscious attempts to cope, protect, adapt and heal. My job is to deeply listen in order to understand and help clients to discover and trust their own inherent wisdom.
It is my great honor to support those who are anticipating a great loss or actively grieving one. The loss might be a loved one or it could be a job, a relationship, a home, etc. I also work with clients who are facing terminal illness and their own death and want to do so with compassion and intention. I deeply trust our innate drive to grieve and heal. I do not see people through a diagnosis or pathology lens. I believe that even symptoms of illness are our unconscious attempts to cope, protect, adapt and heal. My job is to deeply listen in order to understand and help clients to discover and trust their own inherent wisdom.
(757) 530-5686 View (757) 530-5686

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Charlotte A. Schafer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Charlotte A. Schafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wintergreen, VA 22958  (Online Only)
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
(434) 595-3062 View (434) 595-3062

Online Therapists

Photo of Debra Crowder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Debra Crowder
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
(434) 201-7401 View (434) 201-7401
Photo of Lauren C Snead, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Lauren C Snead
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and provide individual counseling to adolescents, young adults, and adults. My primary focus is in the treatment of depression, anxiety, social anxiety, phase of life issues, ADHD, trauma, and issues related to college-aged students. I have experience providing community-based and school-based counseling to at-risk youth and their families as well as working in a college counseling center.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and provide individual counseling to adolescents, young adults, and adults. My primary focus is in the treatment of depression, anxiety, social anxiety, phase of life issues, ADHD, trauma, and issues related to college-aged students. I have experience providing community-based and school-based counseling to at-risk youth and their families as well as working in a college counseling center.
(540) 302-5636 View (540) 302-5636
Photo of Patricia Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Patricia Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Patricia Clark is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia and a Certified Family Trauma Professional ( LPC, CFTP). She has over 6 years of experience working to help adult clients who are faced with trauma, PTSD, women's issues, low self-esteem, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, family conflict or disputes, and more. Patricia earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Cappella University and is trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR).
Patricia Clark is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia and a Certified Family Trauma Professional ( LPC, CFTP). She has over 6 years of experience working to help adult clients who are faced with trauma, PTSD, women's issues, low self-esteem, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, family conflict or disputes, and more. Patricia earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Cappella University and is trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR).
(540) 503-4412 View (540) 503-4412
Photo of Jaimie Goodman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lovingston, VA
Jaimie Goodman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23228  (Online Only)
Have things been hard for you lately and you can not figure out why? Do you feel like you take care of everyone else and no one takes care of you? Do you have a child or teen that you struggle to connect with? Those feelings can be overwhelming and can feel like there is no way out. I am here to help! Together, we work to get through the hard things as best we can and create a new way of doing things that feels more like "you". Please visit this link to schedule an intake call. calendly.com/rootstoresultsrva/intake
Have things been hard for you lately and you can not figure out why? Do you feel like you take care of everyone else and no one takes care of you? Do you have a child or teen that you struggle to connect with? Those feelings can be overwhelming and can feel like there is no way out. I am here to help! Together, we work to get through the hard things as best we can and create a new way of doing things that feels more like "you". Please visit this link to schedule an intake call. calendly.com/rootstoresultsrva/intake
(804) 575-5694 x1 View (804) 575-5694 x1
Photo of RVA Personal Wellness, Telehealth only, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
RVA Personal Wellness, Telehealth only
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23230  (Online Only)
I am currently accepted new clients and I accept all Cigna, Optum (United Healthcare), Anthem and Aetna plans. Layne is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which has shown to effectively treat trauma. Layne also uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to treat depression, anxiety and a variety of personality disorders. Layne has experience with psychotic disorders, Bipolar disorders, and other serious mental illnesses and offers symptom mapping and management.
I am currently accepted new clients and I accept all Cigna, Optum (United Healthcare), Anthem and Aetna plans. Layne is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which has shown to effectively treat trauma. Layne also uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to treat depression, anxiety and a variety of personality disorders. Layne has experience with psychotic disorders, Bipolar disorders, and other serious mental illnesses and offers symptom mapping and management.
(804) 581-1794 View (804) 581-1794
Photo of Kimberly Best Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Kimberly Best Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Chesterfield, VA 23236  (Online Only)
Are you an adult woman who feels overwhelmed, unfulfilled in your relationships, depressed, or anxious and is ready to change? Do you feel stuck and overwhelmed and could use clarity and guidance to calm the chaos in your life? Maybe your relationships are falling apart, and you don't know what to do. I'm Kimberly Best Johnson, a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, ordained minister, and certified Health Coach. With extensive education and clinical experience in Christian Counseling, I specialize in providing hope and support to adult women like you seeking to improve their lives.
Are you an adult woman who feels overwhelmed, unfulfilled in your relationships, depressed, or anxious and is ready to change? Do you feel stuck and overwhelmed and could use clarity and guidance to calm the chaos in your life? Maybe your relationships are falling apart, and you don't know what to do. I'm Kimberly Best Johnson, a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, ordained minister, and certified Health Coach. With extensive education and clinical experience in Christian Counseling, I specialize in providing hope and support to adult women like you seeking to improve their lives.
(804) 616-4154 View (804) 616-4154
Photo of Annah Mackin Applebaum, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lovingston, VA
Annah Mackin Applebaum
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Quantico, VA 22134
Picking fights with loved ones. Worrying about how we're perceived. Reacting defensively to criticism. Ruminating over social interactions. Avoiding difficult conversations. Punishing others when we’re hurt. We do all these things for reasons, but often our reasons are emotional wounds too vulnerable to acknowledge. Many of our behaviors are motivated by deeply held beliefs about ourselves and what we can expect from others. Often, our behaviors are strategic habits we learned in formative relationships that had unhealthy dynamics and imbalances of power.
Picking fights with loved ones. Worrying about how we're perceived. Reacting defensively to criticism. Ruminating over social interactions. Avoiding difficult conversations. Punishing others when we’re hurt. We do all these things for reasons, but often our reasons are emotional wounds too vulnerable to acknowledge. Many of our behaviors are motivated by deeply held beliefs about ourselves and what we can expect from others. Often, our behaviors are strategic habits we learned in formative relationships that had unhealthy dynamics and imbalances of power.
(571) 475-8712 View (571) 475-8712
Photo of Teresh Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Teresh Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hopewell, VA 23860
Many of my clients face relationship issues, mood disturbances, and difficulty coping with life-changing events. Through a strength-based and client-centered lens, I support clients while they set goals to enhance their overall health and wellness. My goal in life is to help others by embracing life's problems with a solution-focused approach. I provide a non-judgmental and safe space for all individuals I serve. I am a Board-Certified Supervisor and Licensed Professional Counselor.
Many of my clients face relationship issues, mood disturbances, and difficulty coping with life-changing events. Through a strength-based and client-centered lens, I support clients while they set goals to enhance their overall health and wellness. My goal in life is to help others by embracing life's problems with a solution-focused approach. I provide a non-judgmental and safe space for all individuals I serve. I am a Board-Certified Supervisor and Licensed Professional Counselor.
(804) 889-2830 View (804) 889-2830
Photo of John Snyder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
John Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903  (Online Only)
I work primarily with adults and older teens with depression, anxiety and difficult life transitions. I specialize in evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) because I believe deeply in the importance of alleviating suffering and increasing happiness, and this approach has repeatedly been proven to be the most effective way of achieving results.
I work primarily with adults and older teens with depression, anxiety and difficult life transitions. I specialize in evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) because I believe deeply in the importance of alleviating suffering and increasing happiness, and this approach has repeatedly been proven to be the most effective way of achieving results.
(434) 260-5023 View (434) 260-5023
Photo of Brittany Sullivan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lovingston, VA
Brittany Sullivan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903
Hello! I am a Resident in Counseling under the supervision of Kathleen Van Allen, LPC dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals, couples, and families seeking support for a wide range of mental health concerns. I am dedicated to providing a client-centered approach to therapy that honors your unique experiences and empowers you on your journey towards healing and growth. My approach is grounded in the principles of client-centered therapy, which means that your needs, preferences, and goals are at the forefront of our work together.
Hello! I am a Resident in Counseling under the supervision of Kathleen Van Allen, LPC dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals, couples, and families seeking support for a wide range of mental health concerns. I am dedicated to providing a client-centered approach to therapy that honors your unique experiences and empowers you on your journey towards healing and growth. My approach is grounded in the principles of client-centered therapy, which means that your needs, preferences, and goals are at the forefront of our work together.
(540) 592-4782 View (540) 592-4782
Photo of Erica Pognon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Erica Pognon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Moseley, VA 23120  (Online Only)
My name is Erica and I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has over 14 years of clinical experience working with children and teens, as well as adult individuals and couples. I focus on treating issues related to anxiety, chronic stress, ADHD, family difficulties, dysfunctional relationships, depression, panic disorders, and more.
My name is Erica and I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has over 14 years of clinical experience working with children and teens, as well as adult individuals and couples. I focus on treating issues related to anxiety, chronic stress, ADHD, family difficulties, dysfunctional relationships, depression, panic disorders, and more.
(804) 597-9958 View (804) 597-9958
Photo of Raechel Brittain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Raechel Brittain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palmyra, VA 22963  (Online Only)
Welcome – I’m happily accepting new clients with availability on Saturday mornings and evenings on weekdays! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia with over ten years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of therapeutic settings. In moments of great change, challenging decisions, or feeling disconnected from ourselves and others, a welcoming non-judgmental therapeutic environment can help you reconnect with your inner resilience and find new ways forward.
Welcome – I’m happily accepting new clients with availability on Saturday mornings and evenings on weekdays! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia with over ten years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of therapeutic settings. In moments of great change, challenging decisions, or feeling disconnected from ourselves and others, a welcoming non-judgmental therapeutic environment can help you reconnect with your inner resilience and find new ways forward.
(434) 474-1629 View (434) 474-1629
Photo of Center for Holistic Psychotherapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Center for Holistic Psychotherapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Warrenton, VA 20186
I hold licenses in both Professional Counseling and Marriage and Family Therapy, I provide individual, couple, family and group counseling for children and adults. I offer workshops and psycho educational classes for parenting, family core values, healthful eating and individual empowerment, all have been well received with positive outcomes. I use various evidenced based therapuetic modalities and I believe in a compassionate approach during the therapuetic process. I am also committed to helping each individal connect with their innate core value. I am a Certified Grief Counseling Specialist, and a Resident Supervisor.
I hold licenses in both Professional Counseling and Marriage and Family Therapy, I provide individual, couple, family and group counseling for children and adults. I offer workshops and psycho educational classes for parenting, family core values, healthful eating and individual empowerment, all have been well received with positive outcomes. I use various evidenced based therapuetic modalities and I believe in a compassionate approach during the therapuetic process. I am also committed to helping each individal connect with their innate core value. I am a Certified Grief Counseling Specialist, and a Resident Supervisor.
(540) 684-1365 x1 View (540) 684-1365 x1
Photo of Jolie Ferguson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Jolie Ferguson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
I utilize a positive theoretical orientation which assumes that all individuals possess an innate desire for well-balanced emotional/mental health. I believe a person enters therapy with a strong wish, whether conscious or unconscious, to overcome obstacles and free themselves from constraints that are holding them back.
I utilize a positive theoretical orientation which assumes that all individuals possess an innate desire for well-balanced emotional/mental health. I believe a person enters therapy with a strong wish, whether conscious or unconscious, to overcome obstacles and free themselves from constraints that are holding them back.
(804) 808-1480 View (804) 808-1480
Photo of Susan Parmar, Resident in Counseling in Lovingston, VA
Susan Parmar
Resident in Counseling, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901
I specialize in working with young children, as well as their parents/caregivers who are seeking support in doing the hard work of raising children. As a former elementary school counselor, I have experience helping children and parents through the many developmental, behavioral, and socio-emotional issues of childhood. I use a child-centered, attachment-focused approach in which therapeutic play is a means for helping children process and express feelings.
I specialize in working with young children, as well as their parents/caregivers who are seeking support in doing the hard work of raising children. As a former elementary school counselor, I have experience helping children and parents through the many developmental, behavioral, and socio-emotional issues of childhood. I use a child-centered, attachment-focused approach in which therapeutic play is a means for helping children process and express feelings.
(434) 423-4572 View (434) 423-4572
Photo of Newzaira Khan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Newzaira Khan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Newzaira, which translates to someone who sees's the good in others. Do you feel that at times you struggle with finding a deeper meaning in life? Or that little things can trigger a large emotional response? Is it hard to draw kindness to your experiences and others around you?
Hello! My name is Newzaira, which translates to someone who sees's the good in others. Do you feel that at times you struggle with finding a deeper meaning in life? Or that little things can trigger a large emotional response? Is it hard to draw kindness to your experiences and others around you?
(804) 587-8104 View (804) 587-8104
Photo of Randy Weber, Psychologist in Lovingston, VA
Randy Weber
Psychologist, PhD, MSCP
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I have been married for over 45 years and have 3 adult children. Two of the children are biologically ours and the third is adopted. They have blessed Ronda, my wife, and I with 9 grandchildren. I heard the call to care for people as a clinical psychologist when I took a gap year after high school. My personal and professional value system uses Love as the measure of my behaviors and motivations. One of my favorite movies is “What About Bob”. This movie makes the point that therapists and clients are both human, with their own foibles. My general approach is “ I am just one beggar showing another beggar where to find food."
I have been married for over 45 years and have 3 adult children. Two of the children are biologically ours and the third is adopted. They have blessed Ronda, my wife, and I with 9 grandchildren. I heard the call to care for people as a clinical psychologist when I took a gap year after high school. My personal and professional value system uses Love as the measure of my behaviors and motivations. One of my favorite movies is “What About Bob”. This movie makes the point that therapists and clients are both human, with their own foibles. My general approach is “ I am just one beggar showing another beggar where to find food."
(540) 426-3007 View (540) 426-3007
Photo of Brandie Fraction, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Brandie Fraction
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cave Spring, VA 24018
Therapy is a powerful and special relationship that I honor in my work. My therapeutic approach is supportive, collaborative, and integrative. I work to create treatment approaches unique to the needs of my clients and to collaborate on identifying goals. I also focus on promoting wellness with my clients. I incorporate techniques used in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma informed care, solution focused, and mindfulness. I use complimentary techniques to include creativity and humor. My specialties include the treatment of anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, substance use and life transitions.
Therapy is a powerful and special relationship that I honor in my work. My therapeutic approach is supportive, collaborative, and integrative. I work to create treatment approaches unique to the needs of my clients and to collaborate on identifying goals. I also focus on promoting wellness with my clients. I incorporate techniques used in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma informed care, solution focused, and mindfulness. I use complimentary techniques to include creativity and humor. My specialties include the treatment of anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, substance use and life transitions.
(540) 384-5050 View (540) 384-5050

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lovingston, VA

< 10

Therapists in Lovingston, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Chronic Pain
100% Life Coaching
100% Grief
100% Parenting
100% Spirituality
100% Other

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Lovingston, VA see their clients

100% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lovingston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.