Therapists in Emeryville, CA

Photo of Alisa Vincent Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Alisa Vincent Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94662  (Online Only)
I have a virtual private practice in California where I work with teens, and adults. I consider therapy a relationship we co-create specifically to suit your needs; one to help you feel safe, heard, and respected. I have a relational style, meaning you will receive feedback from me, and never feel like you're talking to a blank wall. We all share an intrinsic longing for hope, wholeness, empowerment, and meaning. It's my privilege to help clients nourish that longing into a drive; to help them gain a sense of mastery and direction in their own lives.
I have a virtual private practice in California where I work with teens, and adults. I consider therapy a relationship we co-create specifically to suit your needs; one to help you feel safe, heard, and respected. I have a relational style, meaning you will receive feedback from me, and never feel like you're talking to a blank wall. We all share an intrinsic longing for hope, wholeness, empowerment, and meaning. It's my privilege to help clients nourish that longing into a drive; to help them gain a sense of mastery and direction in their own lives.
(510) 421-0320 View (510) 421-0320
Barbara Jean A Douglass
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD with 15 years experience working with adults, children and youth. My goal is to help you in your path towards feeling better, and experiencing an improved sense of confidence, self-esteem and functioning in your life. My approach is one of respect, warmth, and attention to the dignity of every person. I utilize a humanistic and person-centered perspective, and maintain a psychodynamic framework for understanding my clients' emotional and therapeutic needs, to help you learn coping skills, and help you explore your options towards recovering a stronger sense of self, identity, spirituality, and balance.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD with 15 years experience working with adults, children and youth. My goal is to help you in your path towards feeling better, and experiencing an improved sense of confidence, self-esteem and functioning in your life. My approach is one of respect, warmth, and attention to the dignity of every person. I utilize a humanistic and person-centered perspective, and maintain a psychodynamic framework for understanding my clients' emotional and therapeutic needs, to help you learn coping skills, and help you explore your options towards recovering a stronger sense of self, identity, spirituality, and balance.
(510) 949-3983 View (510) 949-3983
Photo of Dr. Shea M. Pilgrim, Psychologist in Emeryville, CA
Dr. Shea M. Pilgrim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608
My approach to practicing psychology is transparent and collaborative in nature. Clients report that I am grounding, honest, and easy to talk to. Evaluations follow the philosophy and techniques of collaborative/therapeutic assessment. An important first step in the process is a collaborative conversation to uncover questions that you want to have answered by the assessment. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults, and families.
My approach to practicing psychology is transparent and collaborative in nature. Clients report that I am grounding, honest, and easy to talk to. Evaluations follow the philosophy and techniques of collaborative/therapeutic assessment. An important first step in the process is a collaborative conversation to uncover questions that you want to have answered by the assessment. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults, and families.
(510) 216-1551 View (510) 216-1551
Photo of Rosario Puga Dempsey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Rosario Puga Dempsey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I find great joy in creating a unique therapeutic experience that is tailored to you, which is why I integrate different approaches into my practice. I meaningfully aim to provide you with a different perspective on your situation that can help you obtain clarity and peace. I support you by increasing your awareness of the deep fears and strong emotions that may be holding you back and leaving you feeling stuck.​ Through my extensive work in the field for over the past eight years in various settings and with diverse populations I have developed a multi-faceted approach to helping families, couples, and adults heal.
I find great joy in creating a unique therapeutic experience that is tailored to you, which is why I integrate different approaches into my practice. I meaningfully aim to provide you with a different perspective on your situation that can help you obtain clarity and peace. I support you by increasing your awareness of the deep fears and strong emotions that may be holding you back and leaving you feeling stuck.​ Through my extensive work in the field for over the past eight years in various settings and with diverse populations I have developed a multi-faceted approach to helping families, couples, and adults heal.
(415) 801-8353 View (415) 801-8353
Photo of Armand Volkas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Armand Volkas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFA, MFT, RDT, BCT
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608
I believe that a supportive therapeutic relationship can be the springboard from which many life issues can be addressed and healed. I am warm and gentle, yet firm when appropriate. I am encouraging, nurturing and have a deep capacity for empathy. I am committed to your growth and the changes you want to make in your life. Issues I treat include anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, and relationships. I treat children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I have special expertise in working with personal and collective trauma, deepening intimacy in couples, cross-cultural relationships, grief and mourning and healing friendships.
I believe that a supportive therapeutic relationship can be the springboard from which many life issues can be addressed and healed. I am warm and gentle, yet firm when appropriate. I am encouraging, nurturing and have a deep capacity for empathy. I am committed to your growth and the changes you want to make in your life. Issues I treat include anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, and relationships. I treat children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I have special expertise in working with personal and collective trauma, deepening intimacy in couples, cross-cultural relationships, grief and mourning and healing friendships.
(510) 595-5500 x11 View (510) 595-5500 x11
Photo of Kurt Vaillancourt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Kurt Vaillancourt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
For nearly 20 years, I have worked with adults, families, and couples both individually and in group settings. Some of the areas I have provided treatment for include substance use/abuse, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and adjustment disorders due to life transitions. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in the state of California and obtained a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology (Psy.D.) in 2005.
For nearly 20 years, I have worked with adults, families, and couples both individually and in group settings. Some of the areas I have provided treatment for include substance use/abuse, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and adjustment disorders due to life transitions. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in the state of California and obtained a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology (Psy.D.) in 2005.
(408) 340-9952 View (408) 340-9952
Photo of John Hal Brownson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
John Hal Brownson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
Anxiety. It's part of the human experience, but too much of it, experienced for too long, wears us down, affecting both our mental and physical health. If you are isolating, cutting yourself off from friends and the world; if you spend too much of your time trying to mute your anxiety with drugs, TV, the internet; if you lie awake counting catastrophes and replaying the day's missteps, I can help. Take a couple of long, slow, deep breaths, and call me. Let's talk.
Anxiety. It's part of the human experience, but too much of it, experienced for too long, wears us down, affecting both our mental and physical health. If you are isolating, cutting yourself off from friends and the world; if you spend too much of your time trying to mute your anxiety with drugs, TV, the internet; if you lie awake counting catastrophes and replaying the day's missteps, I can help. Take a couple of long, slow, deep breaths, and call me. Let's talk.
(510) 757-9657 View (510) 757-9657
Photo of Shannon McHenry-Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Shannon McHenry-Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I work with individuals to help gain insight into what is happening in order to move forward and achieve a more fulfilling and productive life. My goal is to help you understand yourself more and assist you with living a more free and conscious life. I use attachment theory to assist people in understanding how their past impacts their present. I specialize in treating addiction, trauma, codependency, relationship issues, and axis II disorders using a holistic trauma informed approach and dialectical behavioral techniques.
I work with individuals to help gain insight into what is happening in order to move forward and achieve a more fulfilling and productive life. My goal is to help you understand yourself more and assist you with living a more free and conscious life. I use attachment theory to assist people in understanding how their past impacts their present. I specialize in treating addiction, trauma, codependency, relationship issues, and axis II disorders using a holistic trauma informed approach and dialectical behavioral techniques.
(415) 707-7928 View (415) 707-7928
Photo of Kasey Varga, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Kasey Varga
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608
Are you feeling heartbroken or utterly confused by a romantic relationship? Are you a parent who is endlessly stirred up by your child's behavior? I offer an opportunity to utilize heartbreak in service of growth and to begin to untangle the reality of your current relationships from the residue of your history. I challenge parents to advocate for their own needs while also strongly considering the needs of their children. I teach them how to facilitate the full expression of emotion in children. In light of a great deal of training and personal experience I bring a deep respect for the unknown and a willingness to land in mystery.
Are you feeling heartbroken or utterly confused by a romantic relationship? Are you a parent who is endlessly stirred up by your child's behavior? I offer an opportunity to utilize heartbreak in service of growth and to begin to untangle the reality of your current relationships from the residue of your history. I challenge parents to advocate for their own needs while also strongly considering the needs of their children. I teach them how to facilitate the full expression of emotion in children. In light of a great deal of training and personal experience I bring a deep respect for the unknown and a willingness to land in mystery.
(628) 227-5522 View (628) 227-5522
Photo of Eleanor Lew, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Eleanor Lew
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608
I listen deeply, with compassion and without judgment, to give you a place where you feel safe to express thoughts and feelings, My strength is how I work, using minimal interpretations but instead allowing your inner core to experience the genuineness of your own truth when it surfaces. I thus avoid diagnostic labels and preconceptions. Love and work is how we express ourselves. I hope you will let me help you with relationship issues, both in love and at work. My goal is to help you discover your inner creativity and resilience.
I listen deeply, with compassion and without judgment, to give you a place where you feel safe to express thoughts and feelings, My strength is how I work, using minimal interpretations but instead allowing your inner core to experience the genuineness of your own truth when it surfaces. I thus avoid diagnostic labels and preconceptions. Love and work is how we express ourselves. I hope you will let me help you with relationship issues, both in love and at work. My goal is to help you discover your inner creativity and resilience.
(510) 400-7417 View (510) 400-7417
Photo of Channing Richmond, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Channing Richmond
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I am seeking to support clients being seen in a world that does not always validate one's existence. I hope to be a helpful guide in the journey of life to help clients notice the innate wisdom that already exists within themselves.
I am seeking to support clients being seen in a world that does not always validate one's existence. I hope to be a helpful guide in the journey of life to help clients notice the innate wisdom that already exists within themselves.
(510) 602-2946 View (510) 602-2946
Photo of A Sober Choice, Psychologist in Emeryville, CA
A Sober Choice
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
A Sober Choice is the best choice, for developing tools for change. Founded in 2009, our mission is to provide compassionate, supportive, and professional mental and behavioral health services for adults. At A Sober Choice, we provide Anger Management, individual and group psychotherapy, substance use disorder counseling, mental health consultations, and behavioral coaching.
A Sober Choice is the best choice, for developing tools for change. Founded in 2009, our mission is to provide compassionate, supportive, and professional mental and behavioral health services for adults. At A Sober Choice, we provide Anger Management, individual and group psychotherapy, substance use disorder counseling, mental health consultations, and behavioral coaching.
(510) 420-1800 View (510) 420-1800
Photo of Keri Onan-Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Keri Onan-Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608
Hello, I'm Keri Onan-Levy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My work with clients is grounded in respect, empathy, reliability, intelligence, and professionalism. My practice focuses on supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges, process experiences, and work to better understand themselves. My approach to providing therapy is unique to each individual. I use a variety of theoretical approaches including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Trauma Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. All treatment options are discussed with my clients.
Hello, I'm Keri Onan-Levy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My work with clients is grounded in respect, empathy, reliability, intelligence, and professionalism. My practice focuses on supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges, process experiences, and work to better understand themselves. My approach to providing therapy is unique to each individual. I use a variety of theoretical approaches including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Trauma Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. All treatment options are discussed with my clients.
(510) 486-2148 View (510) 486-2148
Photo of Jody Ann Sollazzo, Counselor in Emeryville, CA
Jody Ann Sollazzo
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with motivated people who feel stuck. Often they are in a transition or a loss. The loss can be great or small. (ex. death, break-up, job, disability/health, identity change, end-of-friendship) People who desire connection who often feel alone (even if they are close with others.) People who want to either strengthen or change their relationships whether it's in work, family, romantic, or platonic. Flawed perfectionists and people with imposter syndrome are always welcome!
I enjoy working with motivated people who feel stuck. Often they are in a transition or a loss. The loss can be great or small. (ex. death, break-up, job, disability/health, identity change, end-of-friendship) People who desire connection who often feel alone (even if they are close with others.) People who want to either strengthen or change their relationships whether it's in work, family, romantic, or platonic. Flawed perfectionists and people with imposter syndrome are always welcome!
(341) 766-0917 View (341) 766-0917
Photo of Lori Silver-Favors, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Lori Silver-Favors
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608
I have successfully helped people recovering from addiction issues, depression, childhood issues that are unresolved and conflict in primary relationships whether it is with a family member or a co-worker. I work from a strength-based model in that I help people identity coping skills that are working and apply these skills to areas of life that are more difficult. I view people from a humanistic perspective and am non-authoritarian in my style. I have a relaxed and friendly style and put people at ease.
I have successfully helped people recovering from addiction issues, depression, childhood issues that are unresolved and conflict in primary relationships whether it is with a family member or a co-worker. I work from a strength-based model in that I help people identity coping skills that are working and apply these skills to areas of life that are more difficult. I view people from a humanistic perspective and am non-authoritarian in my style. I have a relaxed and friendly style and put people at ease.
(510) 947-8414 View (510) 947-8414
Photo of Heather Tegeler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Heather Tegeler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
With over a decade of experience in the mental health field, I have been honored to work with adult clients from all walks of life. My professional background includes working for hospitals, addiction treatment facilities, and inpatient and outpatient settings within the criminal justice system. I believe in developing a collaborative, warm, and strengths-based approach to treatment. My goal in therapy is to build upon your existing strengths while facilitating a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
With over a decade of experience in the mental health field, I have been honored to work with adult clients from all walks of life. My professional background includes working for hospitals, addiction treatment facilities, and inpatient and outpatient settings within the criminal justice system. I believe in developing a collaborative, warm, and strengths-based approach to treatment. My goal in therapy is to build upon your existing strengths while facilitating a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
(510) 369-1276 View (510) 369-1276
Photo of Cecily Kaballo, Psychologist in Emeryville, CA
Cecily Kaballo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I recognize and honor that everyone is unique and processes at their own pace. I am warm and collaborative, and I emphasize building a strong therapeutic alliance and identifying a client’s short- and long-term goals. I provide an eclectic range of evidence-based approaches that can be tailored for each individual.
I recognize and honor that everyone is unique and processes at their own pace. I am warm and collaborative, and I emphasize building a strong therapeutic alliance and identifying a client’s short- and long-term goals. I provide an eclectic range of evidence-based approaches that can be tailored for each individual.
(510) 369-1246 View (510) 369-1246
Photo of Katherine Roberts, Marriage & Family Therapist in Emeryville, CA
Katherine Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608
Katherine Roberts is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2010. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology from Santa Clara University and a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology (with an Emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy) degree from the University of San Francisco. Katherine utilizes an eclectic approach to assist individuals in improving functioning and increasing feelings of well-being. Her goal is to provide a safe space for people to explore their emotions and better understand their behaviors.
Katherine Roberts is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2010. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology from Santa Clara University and a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology (with an Emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy) degree from the University of San Francisco. Katherine utilizes an eclectic approach to assist individuals in improving functioning and increasing feelings of well-being. Her goal is to provide a safe space for people to explore their emotions and better understand their behaviors.
(510) 714-3295 View (510) 714-3295
Photo of Max Benjamin, Psychologist in Emeryville, CA
Max Benjamin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Emeryville, CA 94608
Dr. Max Benjamin is a clinical psychologist who has been practicing since 2015. He earned his doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the Wright Institute and his undergraduate degree in Psychology and Spanish from Northwestern University. Dr. Benjamin's unique strength as a therapist is knowing how to help clients work on better managing current daily life challenges, while also addressing the "deeper" psychological issues that make daily life hard to manage. When people successfully make major lifestyle changes but do not address these "deeper" issues, they often end up struggling again.
Dr. Max Benjamin is a clinical psychologist who has been practicing since 2015. He earned his doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the Wright Institute and his undergraduate degree in Psychology and Spanish from Northwestern University. Dr. Benjamin's unique strength as a therapist is knowing how to help clients work on better managing current daily life challenges, while also addressing the "deeper" psychological issues that make daily life hard to manage. When people successfully make major lifestyle changes but do not address these "deeper" issues, they often end up struggling again.
(510) 686-6239 View (510) 686-6239
Photo of Dr. Heather Martarella, Psychologist in Emeryville, CA
Dr. Heather Martarella
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emeryville, CA 94608
Feeling Overwhelmed by Emotional Distress? Is pain, illness, or lack of sleep taking a toll on your emotional well-being? You’re not alone, and it’s okay to seek help. I specialize in helping individuals navigate the complex emotions that develop from chronic pain, illness, and sleep difficulties. With over 20 years of clinical experience, I understand the impact these conditions can have on your life - and I’m here to offer the information and support you need.
Feeling Overwhelmed by Emotional Distress? Is pain, illness, or lack of sleep taking a toll on your emotional well-being? You’re not alone, and it’s okay to seek help. I specialize in helping individuals navigate the complex emotions that develop from chronic pain, illness, and sleep difficulties. With over 20 years of clinical experience, I understand the impact these conditions can have on your life - and I’m here to offer the information and support you need.
(510) 892-3227 View (510) 892-3227

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Emeryville, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Emeryville, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
60% Self Esteem
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
54% Anthem | Elevance
51% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Emeryville, CA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Emeryville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.