Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Beth Barnard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Beth Barnard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
By curiously hearing and understanding your life story through our professional relationship, I hope to unburden you of your pain and help you remove road blocks which might be keeping you from experiencing greater pleasure. I work with adults ranging in age from 18 through post retirement years and specialize in treating life transitions, relationship concerns, depression, anxiety, trauma, infertility, adoption, postpartum depression, grief, loss, and divorce. I'm sensitive to issues of diversity and inclusion, am interested in working with people from various cultural backgrounds, and am a LGBTQ ally.
By curiously hearing and understanding your life story through our professional relationship, I hope to unburden you of your pain and help you remove road blocks which might be keeping you from experiencing greater pleasure. I work with adults ranging in age from 18 through post retirement years and specialize in treating life transitions, relationship concerns, depression, anxiety, trauma, infertility, adoption, postpartum depression, grief, loss, and divorce. I'm sensitive to issues of diversity and inclusion, am interested in working with people from various cultural backgrounds, and am a LGBTQ ally.
(615) 807-0935 View (615) 807-0935
Photo of Jeff Wilson, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jeff Wilson
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADACII, MSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221
Alcohol and substance use disorders can significantly impact the lives of young adults, posing significant health concerns. However, it is important to remember that recovery and remission are highly achievable outcomes. As a therapist specialized in young adult substance use disorders, my goal is to provide solution-focused therapy that helps you navigate the complexities of these conditions. I understand the unique challenges you may be facing and aim to help you comprehend the nature and extent of your problems, as well as any related obstacles you encounter.
Alcohol and substance use disorders can significantly impact the lives of young adults, posing significant health concerns. However, it is important to remember that recovery and remission are highly achievable outcomes. As a therapist specialized in young adult substance use disorders, my goal is to provide solution-focused therapy that helps you navigate the complexities of these conditions. I understand the unique challenges you may be facing and aim to help you comprehend the nature and extent of your problems, as well as any related obstacles you encounter.
(615) 656-7351 View (615) 656-7351
Photo of Dhruvi Kakkad, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Dhruvi Kakkad
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Whether you are anxious, experiencing a major life transition, or struggling in a relationship, therapy can provide a wonderful opportunity to find relief and make meaningful changes. Together, we will work on uncovering the barriers holding you back, help you develop new ways of relating to yourself and others, and find greater peace in your day-to-day life. The goal is to turn down the noise that distracts you and makes you feel stuck so you can focus on what’s meaningful and fulfilling in your life.
Whether you are anxious, experiencing a major life transition, or struggling in a relationship, therapy can provide a wonderful opportunity to find relief and make meaningful changes. Together, we will work on uncovering the barriers holding you back, help you develop new ways of relating to yourself and others, and find greater peace in your day-to-day life. The goal is to turn down the noise that distracts you and makes you feel stuck so you can focus on what’s meaningful and fulfilling in your life.
(615) 861-1521 View (615) 861-1521
Photo of Jourdan Virginia Blue, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Jourdan Virginia Blue
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37208
𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗗𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗦 & 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦: Are you struggling with hurt from the past that you've been repressing? Do you feel like you will never be good enough and that you can't help but to keep failing? Do you feel hopeless and unmotivated trying to meet your goals?Wondering why you keep making the SAME mistakes over and over again? Does all this hurt leave you with feelings of guilt, shame, fear, or pain? Are you in a relationship wondering if you chose the right person because of all the conflict? Do you fear that you might not be compatible, but find it scary to say goodbye?
𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗗𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗦 & 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦: Are you struggling with hurt from the past that you've been repressing? Do you feel like you will never be good enough and that you can't help but to keep failing? Do you feel hopeless and unmotivated trying to meet your goals?Wondering why you keep making the SAME mistakes over and over again? Does all this hurt leave you with feelings of guilt, shame, fear, or pain? Are you in a relationship wondering if you chose the right person because of all the conflict? Do you fear that you might not be compatible, but find it scary to say goodbye?
(765) 819-7050 View (765) 819-7050
Photo of Dr. Alissa Beuerlein, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Dr. Alissa Beuerlein
Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I have had the privilege of helping many different people through a range of different issues. I am well versed with complex trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, donor conceived people, adoptees, and other issues.
I have had the privilege of helping many different people through a range of different issues. I am well versed with complex trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, donor conceived people, adoptees, and other issues.
(615) 965-4203 View (615) 965-4203
Photo of Mary E Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Mary E Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, C-DBT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Do you have Borderline Personality or Bipolar Disorder and are struggling to find a therapist who understands your specific needs? Have you heard of Dialectical Behavior therapy and wondered if it could help you? If this is you, I would love to be a part of your journey towards finding a deeper understanding of your diagnosis. Together we can work towards developing skills that will improve your daily life, help you navigate your overwhelming emotions, and enhance your relationships . Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance skills will provide you a path towards a more peaceful and balanced life.
Do you have Borderline Personality or Bipolar Disorder and are struggling to find a therapist who understands your specific needs? Have you heard of Dialectical Behavior therapy and wondered if it could help you? If this is you, I would love to be a part of your journey towards finding a deeper understanding of your diagnosis. Together we can work towards developing skills that will improve your daily life, help you navigate your overwhelming emotions, and enhance your relationships . Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance skills will provide you a path towards a more peaceful and balanced life.
(615) 703-4473 View (615) 703-4473
Photo of Megan Kocanda, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Megan Kocanda
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37221
I specialize in working with college aged individuals, young adults and adults, who are struggling with grief, life transitions, anxiety, depression, and anything else that life throws your way.
I specialize in working with college aged individuals, young adults and adults, who are struggling with grief, life transitions, anxiety, depression, and anything else that life throws your way.
(630) 557-8583 View (630) 557-8583
Photo of Marlow Amick, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Marlow Amick
Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, (T)
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
Life is full of twists and turns, filled with traumas and hardships that we cannot predict or control. We develop coping mechanisms to survive, to protect ourselves from pain and turmoil. These coping mechanisms may have served you well in the past, but now they may be holding you back, causing more harm than good. Through therapy, we can unearth these defense mechanisms and unravel the wounds that lie beneath. Traumas can build up over time, clouding our vision. By healing these wounds, you can begin to see yourself and the world more clearly, and shed the layers of protection that no longer serve you.
Life is full of twists and turns, filled with traumas and hardships that we cannot predict or control. We develop coping mechanisms to survive, to protect ourselves from pain and turmoil. These coping mechanisms may have served you well in the past, but now they may be holding you back, causing more harm than good. Through therapy, we can unearth these defense mechanisms and unravel the wounds that lie beneath. Traumas can build up over time, clouding our vision. By healing these wounds, you can begin to see yourself and the world more clearly, and shed the layers of protection that no longer serve you.
(615) 592-4120 View (615) 592-4120
Photo of Dr. Kiesa Kelly, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Dr. Kiesa Kelly
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Treatment for psychological disorders is better than ever. I specialize in offering new, evidence-based treatment options for OCD and related/co-occuring conditions that are more gentle and affirming than traditional approaches. How you experience OCD can be influenced by ADHD, Autism, racism, LGBTQ+ identity, trauma history, substance use and other contextual and identity factors. I'm here to listen with humility and acceptance (no thoughts are too shameful or taboo), make a thoughtful diagnosis, and gently guide you through science-backed treatment. Best of all, we can do it all from the comfort of home via videoconferencing.
Treatment for psychological disorders is better than ever. I specialize in offering new, evidence-based treatment options for OCD and related/co-occuring conditions that are more gentle and affirming than traditional approaches. How you experience OCD can be influenced by ADHD, Autism, racism, LGBTQ+ identity, trauma history, substance use and other contextual and identity factors. I'm here to listen with humility and acceptance (no thoughts are too shameful or taboo), make a thoughtful diagnosis, and gently guide you through science-backed treatment. Best of all, we can do it all from the comfort of home via videoconferencing.
(615) 551-0732 View (615) 551-0732
Photo of Diana Teich (Licensed In Tn Ca And Fl), Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Diana Teich (Licensed In Tn Ca And Fl)
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Waitlist for new clients
Clients come to me because they struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, feeling lost and being stuck in patterns they don't like. Many experienced childhood trauma that has hurt their sense of self. Others come for support during life transitions or because they are grieving. I work with couples and adult family members who have a fear of conflict and tend to give up what they need in their relationships, and also those who fight easily and find conflict escalates quickly.
Clients come to me because they struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, feeling lost and being stuck in patterns they don't like. Many experienced childhood trauma that has hurt their sense of self. Others come for support during life transitions or because they are grieving. I work with couples and adult family members who have a fear of conflict and tend to give up what they need in their relationships, and also those who fight easily and find conflict escalates quickly.
(615) 570-4099 View (615) 570-4099
Photo of Sara Minges Weight Loss Coach in Nashville, TN
Sara Minges Weight Loss Coach
BA, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Weight loss is within your reach... without dieting or drugs. If you've been a yo-yo dieter and feel like giving up, please don't! You can do this. There are no short cuts to real weight loss, but there are simple, kind changes you can do today to create new habits that will help you achieve your weight loss and wellness goals. Working with a weight loss coach and accountability partner helps people lose weight faster. Let's say goodbye to toxic diets, and hello to loving yourself, flaws and all.
Weight loss is within your reach... without dieting or drugs. If you've been a yo-yo dieter and feel like giving up, please don't! You can do this. There are no short cuts to real weight loss, but there are simple, kind changes you can do today to create new habits that will help you achieve your weight loss and wellness goals. Working with a weight loss coach and accountability partner helps people lose weight faster. Let's say goodbye to toxic diets, and hello to loving yourself, flaws and all.
(615) 235-1884 View (615) 235-1884
Photo of Susan Hammonds-White, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Susan Hammonds-White
Counselor, EdD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37221
Waitlist for new clients
I have the privilege of helping my clients heal broken hearts. Whether your heart is broken due to a relationship breakup, death of a loved one, or because of circumstances in your life that stand in the way of your having what you desire, counseling can help. I am an experienced and warm therapist with a strong commitment to helping you find the life that you want. Whether you are dealing with codependency, addictions to substances or behaviors, or stress after stress that just becomes overwhelming, counseling can help.
I have the privilege of helping my clients heal broken hearts. Whether your heart is broken due to a relationship breakup, death of a loved one, or because of circumstances in your life that stand in the way of your having what you desire, counseling can help. I am an experienced and warm therapist with a strong commitment to helping you find the life that you want. Whether you are dealing with codependency, addictions to substances or behaviors, or stress after stress that just becomes overwhelming, counseling can help.
(615) 656-7415 View (615) 656-7415
Photo of Michele A Daniel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Michele A Daniel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
Child and adolescent therapy specialist who offers many years of experience working with youth and their families. I am able to help children, teens, young adults, and families by providing empathetic support and instilling a new life perspective which focuses on the positive and increases hope. My clients become future-focused while also building confidence and resilience. I approach counseling from a strengths-based approach which is supported by research in positive psychology. To learn more about my background and experience, please click my website link on the left.
Child and adolescent therapy specialist who offers many years of experience working with youth and their families. I am able to help children, teens, young adults, and families by providing empathetic support and instilling a new life perspective which focuses on the positive and increases hope. My clients become future-focused while also building confidence and resilience. I approach counseling from a strengths-based approach which is supported by research in positive psychology. To learn more about my background and experience, please click my website link on the left.
(615) 257-8376 View (615) 257-8376
Photo of Sandra Habib Aziz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Sandra Habib Aziz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37218
BIPOC therapist - couples therapy and individual therapy. I come from a multicultural and bilingual background. I’m particularly interested in working with marginalized populations. Clients like you scroll profiles to find a therapist that might get them. At least a little. You need help in the major things of life (relationships, transitions, hardships). When you look for a therapist, you need someone that knows what it’s like to be a person of color. That gives some safety and reassurance. In order to really open up - you have to find the right fit.
BIPOC therapist - couples therapy and individual therapy. I come from a multicultural and bilingual background. I’m particularly interested in working with marginalized populations. Clients like you scroll profiles to find a therapist that might get them. At least a little. You need help in the major things of life (relationships, transitions, hardships). When you look for a therapist, you need someone that knows what it’s like to be a person of color. That gives some safety and reassurance. In order to really open up - you have to find the right fit.
(615) 326-6402 View (615) 326-6402
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Silver Lake Psychology
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37219
We build relationships that heal. We are a collective of therapists with a diverse range of specialties. We believe that good therapy is compassionate yet challenging. Our experienced therapists are results-oriented and will tailor therapy to your unique needs. We make appointments easy by offering affordable rates and evening appointments.
We build relationships that heal. We are a collective of therapists with a diverse range of specialties. We believe that good therapy is compassionate yet challenging. Our experienced therapists are results-oriented and will tailor therapy to your unique needs. We make appointments easy by offering affordable rates and evening appointments.
(629) 206-2858 View (629) 206-2858
Photo of Julia Marx, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Julia Marx
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFA, MA, R-DMT, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I provide individualized support tailored to my clients' unique stories. I use expressive arts therapy and dance/movement therapy techniques in addition to client-centered talk therapy to engage with clients as we process in both the verbal and non-verbal realms. The body and mind are interconnected and the body can be used as a map guiding explorations of the self, as well as a metaphor to express emotions which can be difficult to convey in words alone. Through a therapeutic relationship, I provide empathic support and playful intervention.
I provide individualized support tailored to my clients' unique stories. I use expressive arts therapy and dance/movement therapy techniques in addition to client-centered talk therapy to engage with clients as we process in both the verbal and non-verbal realms. The body and mind are interconnected and the body can be used as a map guiding explorations of the self, as well as a metaphor to express emotions which can be difficult to convey in words alone. Through a therapeutic relationship, I provide empathic support and playful intervention.
(615) 933-2821 View (615) 933-2821
Photo of Jodie Rosenblum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Jodie Rosenblum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
Hi, my name is Jodie and I’m a licensed therapist. I'm passionate about helping people heal and grow, bring joy into their lives, reach their goals and improve their relationships. I specialize in working with folks with anxiety, depression, bi-polar disorders, ADHD, ASD, OCD, self-esteem issues, relationship issues, women's and body-image issues, and LGBTQ+. I offer neurodiversity affirming care with a feminist lens. I help create a safe space to explore their inner thoughts, feelings, desires and fears, free of judgement. This helps my clients experience positive changes in their life as a result from their therapy experience.
Hi, my name is Jodie and I’m a licensed therapist. I'm passionate about helping people heal and grow, bring joy into their lives, reach their goals and improve their relationships. I specialize in working with folks with anxiety, depression, bi-polar disorders, ADHD, ASD, OCD, self-esteem issues, relationship issues, women's and body-image issues, and LGBTQ+. I offer neurodiversity affirming care with a feminist lens. I help create a safe space to explore their inner thoughts, feelings, desires and fears, free of judgement. This helps my clients experience positive changes in their life as a result from their therapy experience.
(629) 218-4710 View (629) 218-4710
Photo of Will Messer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Will Messer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Hey I’m Will Messer LCSW/LICSW and I provide Marriage Intensives, Couples Counseling, Individual Counseling, and Enneagram Coaching. I serve clients in person in Nashville and Clarksville, TN as well as clients on telehealth who reside all over Tennessee and West Virginia. I love helping people thrive in their life by harnessing the healing power of relationships. I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist (EFT), Level 2 Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy Therapist (AEDP), and a Certified Enneagram Coach/Trainer.
Hey I’m Will Messer LCSW/LICSW and I provide Marriage Intensives, Couples Counseling, Individual Counseling, and Enneagram Coaching. I serve clients in person in Nashville and Clarksville, TN as well as clients on telehealth who reside all over Tennessee and West Virginia. I love helping people thrive in their life by harnessing the healing power of relationships. I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist (EFT), Level 2 Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy Therapist (AEDP), and a Certified Enneagram Coach/Trainer.
(931) 202-9099 View (931) 202-9099
Photo of Aaron M Free, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Aaron M Free
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LMSW, CTP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37228  (Online Only)
Are you exhausted from the relentless grip of chronic aches, pains, or the weight of trauma and dissociation? Do you want to get back to enjoying the things you used to? Are you looking to work with someone who understands your LGBTQ+ identity? If you're here, you've already taken the first step towards finding relief and reclaiming control over your life. I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative relationship focused on setting goals, tracking progress, and facilitating healing. Beyond our therapy sessions, my commitment extends to actively researching resources, interventions, and personalized solutions to fit your needs.
Are you exhausted from the relentless grip of chronic aches, pains, or the weight of trauma and dissociation? Do you want to get back to enjoying the things you used to? Are you looking to work with someone who understands your LGBTQ+ identity? If you're here, you've already taken the first step towards finding relief and reclaiming control over your life. I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative relationship focused on setting goals, tracking progress, and facilitating healing. Beyond our therapy sessions, my commitment extends to actively researching resources, interventions, and personalized solutions to fit your needs.
(865) 327-2011 View (865) 327-2011
Photo of Iris Dayton, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Iris Dayton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
I believe there is true strength in facing the hard stuff life throws at us, and that vulnerability often leads to relief and development. It is never too late, or too early, to start processing how your experiences have impacted you.
I believe there is true strength in facing the hard stuff life throws at us, and that vulnerability often leads to relief and development. It is never too late, or too early, to start processing how your experiences have impacted you.
(615) 285-5816 View (615) 285-5816

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.