Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Sara Wallace, Psychological Associate in Louisville, KY
Sara Wallace
Psychological Associate, MA, LPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
Sara has received training in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Family Based Therapy (FBT), DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Parallel with the main goal in DBT, Sara believes in “creating a life worth living” with her clients. She walks next to her clients on their journey to mental and emotional stability and provides support and encouragement along the way. Sara believes in conducting empirically supported treatment that is best suited for each client’s individual needs.
Sara has received training in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Family Based Therapy (FBT), DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Parallel with the main goal in DBT, Sara believes in “creating a life worth living” with her clients. She walks next to her clients on their journey to mental and emotional stability and provides support and encouragement along the way. Sara believes in conducting empirically supported treatment that is best suited for each client’s individual needs.
(502) 383-0258 View (502) 383-0258
Photo of Discovery 502 Counseling , Counselor in Louisville, KY
Discovery 502 Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40203  (Online Only)
Do you seek guidance with anxiety, fears, depression, relationships, parenting, child, family counseling, or couples/marriage therapy? It takes courage to ask for help, admitting you can’t do everything alone is the first step toward achieving wellness, in a fast-paced, demanding world. As an experienced licensed professional counselor of 15+ years, I am honored to assist you in exploring your core issues and moving toward a healthy, fulfilling life. You are not alone. I can help you by supporting you! I have a diverse background in many different areas of counseling. Contact information: discovery502counseling.com (Private Pay)
Do you seek guidance with anxiety, fears, depression, relationships, parenting, child, family counseling, or couples/marriage therapy? It takes courage to ask for help, admitting you can’t do everything alone is the first step toward achieving wellness, in a fast-paced, demanding world. As an experienced licensed professional counselor of 15+ years, I am honored to assist you in exploring your core issues and moving toward a healthy, fulfilling life. You are not alone. I can help you by supporting you! I have a diverse background in many different areas of counseling. Contact information: discovery502counseling.com (Private Pay)
(502) 305-5304 View (502) 305-5304
Photo of Tonya Silcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Tonya Silcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the expectations of personal or professional roles? Do you find yourself numbing, hiding or avoiding feelings or painful/uncomfortable situations? Maybe, you have a family member caught in destructive patterns and it's impacting your life? I'd love to help you change unhealthy habits, transform your thoughts, and reconnect with your true self. Together, we can work to replace pain with self-love, change unhealthy patterns, and find healthy ways to deal with life's stressors. I have a strong background in behavior modification strategies, sustaining change, mental health-related issues, and addictions.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the expectations of personal or professional roles? Do you find yourself numbing, hiding or avoiding feelings or painful/uncomfortable situations? Maybe, you have a family member caught in destructive patterns and it's impacting your life? I'd love to help you change unhealthy habits, transform your thoughts, and reconnect with your true self. Together, we can work to replace pain with self-love, change unhealthy patterns, and find healthy ways to deal with life's stressors. I have a strong background in behavior modification strategies, sustaining change, mental health-related issues, and addictions.
(502) 806-8336 View (502) 806-8336
Photo of The Child Within: Child and Adult Therapy Services, Counselor in Louisville, KY
The Child Within: Child and Adult Therapy Services
Counselor, LPCC, RPT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
My main clinical passion lies in helping young children, primarily newborns to age nine, better understand their own emotions so that they can cope with them adaptively. I also enjoy working with adults, particularly those who have experienced stress or trauma during their childhood. I recognize that oftentimes these painful experiences block people from accessing their authentic selves, which leads to a feeling of being “stuck.” With this perspective as my guide, I help clients of all ages work through their inter- and intra-personal defenses to become "unstuck".
My main clinical passion lies in helping young children, primarily newborns to age nine, better understand their own emotions so that they can cope with them adaptively. I also enjoy working with adults, particularly those who have experienced stress or trauma during their childhood. I recognize that oftentimes these painful experiences block people from accessing their authentic selves, which leads to a feeling of being “stuck.” With this perspective as my guide, I help clients of all ages work through their inter- and intra-personal defenses to become "unstuck".
(502) 694-0830 View (502) 694-0830
Photo of Sydney Durham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Sydney Durham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
I have experience serving individuals with a plethora of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, codependency, ADHD, PTSD, behavioral issues, trauma history, and substance abuse. I utilize a person-centered and strengths-based approach in each client encounter to promote self-determination and overall wellbeing. My experience and education enable me to address an individual’s situation from a holistic approach, allowing me to explore all areas that may be impacting one’s mental health.
I have experience serving individuals with a plethora of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, codependency, ADHD, PTSD, behavioral issues, trauma history, and substance abuse. I utilize a person-centered and strengths-based approach in each client encounter to promote self-determination and overall wellbeing. My experience and education enable me to address an individual’s situation from a holistic approach, allowing me to explore all areas that may be impacting one’s mental health.
(502) 383-0825 View (502) 383-0825
Photo of Susanne Binford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Susanne Binford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40203  (Online Only)
Have you been affected by trauma or loss? Are you struggling with high anxiety? Are you having intrusive thoughts, nightmares, always on alert or easily startled? Does your mind churn at night? Let's work through this. Everyone has the capacity for change. Sometimes it is difficult to see how that change can happen and it leaves us feeling stuck. There is no single way to go through life and that means that different treatments will work for different people. Everyone deserves a safe place in therapy.
Have you been affected by trauma or loss? Are you struggling with high anxiety? Are you having intrusive thoughts, nightmares, always on alert or easily startled? Does your mind churn at night? Let's work through this. Everyone has the capacity for change. Sometimes it is difficult to see how that change can happen and it leaves us feeling stuck. There is no single way to go through life and that means that different treatments will work for different people. Everyone deserves a safe place in therapy.
(502) 549-1143 View (502) 549-1143
Photo of Doug Mings in Louisville, KY
Doug Mings
LPP
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40291
Many people go through days, weeks, months, and sometimes years coping with stress, trauma, and other issues that eventually come to a head. Consequently they become mentally and emotionally tired. Thus, if you are ready to take control of your life and start living out your true desires, when would be the best time to start?
Many people go through days, weeks, months, and sometimes years coping with stress, trauma, and other issues that eventually come to a head. Consequently they become mentally and emotionally tired. Thus, if you are ready to take control of your life and start living out your true desires, when would be the best time to start?
(502) 317-1342 View (502) 317-1342
Dennis Edward Wagner
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
I have a practice in Old Louisville doing both psychological evaluation and counseling. In addition to doing diagnostic evaluations, including ADHD and other evaluations, I do forensic evaluations, including trial competency, criminal responsibility, mitigating factor, and sex offender evaluations. I also work with the deaf and hearing impaired in both evaluation and counseling. Further, I do psychosexual evaluations and counseling with gay and transgender individuals.
I have a practice in Old Louisville doing both psychological evaluation and counseling. In addition to doing diagnostic evaluations, including ADHD and other evaluations, I do forensic evaluations, including trial competency, criminal responsibility, mitigating factor, and sex offender evaluations. I also work with the deaf and hearing impaired in both evaluation and counseling. Further, I do psychosexual evaluations and counseling with gay and transgender individuals.
(502) 413-2580 View (502) 413-2580
Photo of Cheyenne Hubbard, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Louisville, KY
Cheyenne Hubbard
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCADC, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My goal is to support you in gaining insight, finding solutions, and developing the tools to navigate life's challenges. I have a passion for helping individuals heal and grow, drawing from my experience and training in CBT, mindfulness, and EMDR. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, complex trauma, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm dedicated to working with you to achieve your goals.
With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My goal is to support you in gaining insight, finding solutions, and developing the tools to navigate life's challenges. I have a passion for helping individuals heal and grow, drawing from my experience and training in CBT, mindfulness, and EMDR. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, complex trauma, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm dedicated to working with you to achieve your goals.
(502) 586-2589 View (502) 586-2589
Photo of The Zen Den, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
The Zen Den, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40213  (Online Only)
Life is hard. Unexpected things happen and we find ourselves in places we never could have imagined. Sometimes we cannot recognize the reflection in the mirror. Whether you're in crisis for the first time in your life, or looking to cope with what feels like merciless turmoil- we are here to help you sort it out. Our mission is to assist you in becoming the strongest version of yourself: who you truly are.
Life is hard. Unexpected things happen and we find ourselves in places we never could have imagined. Sometimes we cannot recognize the reflection in the mirror. Whether you're in crisis for the first time in your life, or looking to cope with what feels like merciless turmoil- we are here to help you sort it out. Our mission is to assist you in becoming the strongest version of yourself: who you truly are.
(502) 237-4419 View (502) 237-4419
Photo of Alice Elizabeth Walker in Louisville, KY
Alice Elizabeth Walker
EdD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Life can be stressful, but when you are confronted with major change, loss or trauma the simplest tasks can feel overwhelming. Therapy can help support, guide and heal current and past events, heal depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, abuse, as well as change patterns that continue to prevent relationship, social and professional goals from being met.
Life can be stressful, but when you are confronted with major change, loss or trauma the simplest tasks can feel overwhelming. Therapy can help support, guide and heal current and past events, heal depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, abuse, as well as change patterns that continue to prevent relationship, social and professional goals from being met.
(502) 498-4651 View (502) 498-4651
Photo of Edith Del Moral, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Edith Del Moral
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40272  (Online Only)
My passion for helping others stems from seeing the steady growth and sense of peace that comes with the therapeutic process. Together, we will find what will aid your journey. I recognize we all have different backgrounds, needs, and goals and therefore, it is important to create an inclusive and safe therapeutic environment. I am committed to help you find the healing and peace that sometimes feels out of reach.
My passion for helping others stems from seeing the steady growth and sense of peace that comes with the therapeutic process. Together, we will find what will aid your journey. I recognize we all have different backgrounds, needs, and goals and therefore, it is important to create an inclusive and safe therapeutic environment. I am committed to help you find the healing and peace that sometimes feels out of reach.
(502) 427-6475 View (502) 427-6475
Photo of Miles Joyner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Miles Joyner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Hello and welcome to my profile page. I am thrilled that you have taken the first step toward finding the support that you need. I understand that it can be daunting to work with a new therapist, but I assure you that it is worth the effort to find a therapist who is the right fit for you. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life. If you are experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship problems or simply feeling lost, I would be honored to partner with you to help you find healing and direction in your life.
Hello and welcome to my profile page. I am thrilled that you have taken the first step toward finding the support that you need. I understand that it can be daunting to work with a new therapist, but I assure you that it is worth the effort to find a therapist who is the right fit for you. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life. If you are experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship problems or simply feeling lost, I would be honored to partner with you to help you find healing and direction in your life.
(502) 743-4792 View (502) 743-4792
Photo of Meghan Elizabeth Wnorowski-Bogle, Art Therapist in Louisville, KY
Meghan Elizabeth Wnorowski-Bogle
Art Therapist, MEd, LPAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Beginning therapy can be an overwhelming yet courageous step, which can lead to powerful changes for those doing the work. I believe we often overlook being at our bravest when we feel it the least. The therapy process can help clients gain additional perspective, identify and explore unknown parts, reinterpret to better understand and know fears and weaknesses, and nurture strengths and acceptance.
Beginning therapy can be an overwhelming yet courageous step, which can lead to powerful changes for those doing the work. I believe we often overlook being at our bravest when we feel it the least. The therapy process can help clients gain additional perspective, identify and explore unknown parts, reinterpret to better understand and know fears and weaknesses, and nurture strengths and acceptance.
(502) 317-0544 View (502) 317-0544
Photo of Elizabeth Shultz in Louisville, KY
Elizabeth Shultz
MEd, CRC, CPRW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40223
I believe everyone can be happy in their career! We dedicate a significant amount of our lives to working. Not only does it impact our overall sense of well-being it is deeply tied to one’s self-image. In specialized counseling sessions, we uncover what you were meant to do and how you can achieve your goals. I believe career counseling is for everyone. I serve clients from the safety of their homes via video chat or calls and offer sliding scale payments and packages for everyone’s budget. I am experienced working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and diagnosis. Call for a free 30 min. consult!
I believe everyone can be happy in their career! We dedicate a significant amount of our lives to working. Not only does it impact our overall sense of well-being it is deeply tied to one’s self-image. In specialized counseling sessions, we uncover what you were meant to do and how you can achieve your goals. I believe career counseling is for everyone. I serve clients from the safety of their homes via video chat or calls and offer sliding scale payments and packages for everyone’s budget. I am experienced working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and diagnosis. Call for a free 30 min. consult!
(502) 305-7405 View (502) 305-7405
Photo of Dillon Espinosa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Louisville, KY
Dillon Espinosa
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
I work with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, relationship issues, LGBT+ issues, or individuals trying to get out of a rut because they're tired of feeling stuck. Every client is unique and there isn't a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy, but if you enjoy working toward positive behavior change, I think we'd be a good fit. I allow each client the space for us to process and explore issues together while also providing guidance and direction (most of my clients say it's a healthy mix of both).
I work with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, relationship issues, LGBT+ issues, or individuals trying to get out of a rut because they're tired of feeling stuck. Every client is unique and there isn't a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy, but if you enjoy working toward positive behavior change, I think we'd be a good fit. I allow each client the space for us to process and explore issues together while also providing guidance and direction (most of my clients say it's a healthy mix of both).
(502) 206-0663 View (502) 206-0663
Photo of Thrive Men's Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Thrive Men's Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205  (Online Only)
Jeff Yocom, LCSW, is the founder of Thrive Men's Counseling. He offers services and resources to help men leverage their strengths and develop new skills as they tackle life's challenges head on. If life has thrown you a curve ball, Jeff can help you take your best swing at it. Feeling more irritable or angry than usual? Has your marriage or relationship hit a rough patch? Are you unmotivated and/or unhappy? Worrying constantly, feeling like something terrible is about to happen? Wondering if you have a problem with alcohol/drug use, porn, or some other hard-to-manage behavior? If so, Jeff wants to help you find a solution.
Jeff Yocom, LCSW, is the founder of Thrive Men's Counseling. He offers services and resources to help men leverage their strengths and develop new skills as they tackle life's challenges head on. If life has thrown you a curve ball, Jeff can help you take your best swing at it. Feeling more irritable or angry than usual? Has your marriage or relationship hit a rough patch? Are you unmotivated and/or unhappy? Worrying constantly, feeling like something terrible is about to happen? Wondering if you have a problem with alcohol/drug use, porn, or some other hard-to-manage behavior? If so, Jeff wants to help you find a solution.
(502) 306-3740 View (502) 306-3740
Photo of Amanda Roberson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Amanda Roberson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Amanda Roberson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Kentucky who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Bachelor's degree in Social Work from Murray State University and a Master's degree in Social Work from Western Kentucky University. Amanda believes in meeting every client where they are and working at the client's pace, allowing them to guide their therapeutic journey together with her and telling their story. Amanda believes in transparency and that knowledge is power, so she incorporates psychoeducation in treatment to educate clients about their diagnosis and expected course of treatment.
Amanda Roberson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Kentucky who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Bachelor's degree in Social Work from Murray State University and a Master's degree in Social Work from Western Kentucky University. Amanda believes in meeting every client where they are and working at the client's pace, allowing them to guide their therapeutic journey together with her and telling their story. Amanda believes in transparency and that knowledge is power, so she incorporates psychoeducation in treatment to educate clients about their diagnosis and expected course of treatment.
(502) 200-1154 View (502) 200-1154
Photo of Dr. Kelly Slaughter, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Kelly Slaughter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205
Trusted specialist in childhood, adolescent, and pediatric psychology. As a parent, helping your family navigate childhood is difficult - especially with meltdowns in the grocery store, constant fighting about schoolwork, or trouble making friends. Stop fighting and falling into old patterns, start thriving as a family.
Trusted specialist in childhood, adolescent, and pediatric psychology. As a parent, helping your family navigate childhood is difficult - especially with meltdowns in the grocery store, constant fighting about schoolwork, or trouble making friends. Stop fighting and falling into old patterns, start thriving as a family.
(502) 461-1590 View (502) 461-1590
Photo of Kelly McGraw Browning, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Kelly McGraw Browning
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40241
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in Louisville, KY specializing in children, adolescents and families. In 2006, I founded Pediatric Psychological Associates, a private practice dedicated to helping children from their earliest years through their challenging teens. Prior to private practice, I served as a pediatric psychologist and assistant professor of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. I work with children and teens with a variety of emotional, behavioral, developmental and social problems. I have specific expertise in the area of pediatric anxiety and pediatric health psychology.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in Louisville, KY specializing in children, adolescents and families. In 2006, I founded Pediatric Psychological Associates, a private practice dedicated to helping children from their earliest years through their challenging teens. Prior to private practice, I served as a pediatric psychologist and assistant professor of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. I work with children and teens with a variety of emotional, behavioral, developmental and social problems. I have specific expertise in the area of pediatric anxiety and pediatric health psychology.
(502) 324-3971 View (502) 324-3971

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
57% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
70% Humana
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.