Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO

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Photo of Sarah Bass (Accepting New Clients), Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Sarah Bass (Accepting New Clients)
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80923  (Online Only)
It is such an honor to support Coloradans who are seeking more fulfillment and internal peace in their lives. We will work together to explore and manage your emotions, create new thought and behavior patterns that are more useful, and help you reconnect with yourself and others. I hear from many clients that they heal, grow, develop new perspectives, and learn to better navigate their personal and professional experiences throughout our work together. I invite you to visit my website at sonderservices.org
It is such an honor to support Coloradans who are seeking more fulfillment and internal peace in their lives. We will work together to explore and manage your emotions, create new thought and behavior patterns that are more useful, and help you reconnect with yourself and others. I hear from many clients that they heal, grow, develop new perspectives, and learn to better navigate their personal and professional experiences throughout our work together. I invite you to visit my website at sonderservices.org
(719) 394-9531 View (719) 394-9531
Photo of David Mills, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
David Mills
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
Insecurities can make us feel like there isn’t hope, but there is a path forward. Finding a counselor can be a difficult step, but once that first step is made, you’re on your way to living a more fulfilled life! My priority is to help you meet your goals and send you on your way, not to be your counselor for years on end. Anxiety, depression, bad relationships, and anger can be the source of distress, but I want to be able to show you that there are ways to alleviate the impact of these concerns.
Insecurities can make us feel like there isn’t hope, but there is a path forward. Finding a counselor can be a difficult step, but once that first step is made, you’re on your way to living a more fulfilled life! My priority is to help you meet your goals and send you on your way, not to be your counselor for years on end. Anxiety, depression, bad relationships, and anger can be the source of distress, but I want to be able to show you that there are ways to alleviate the impact of these concerns.
(719) 695-5703 View (719) 695-5703
Photo of Therapy with Gia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Therapy with Gia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Not your parent's counseling! What makes me stand out? I don't want you to be my client next year. Let's work hard today to bring about effective and sustainable change so you can start living your best and most fulfilling life and have the incredibly meaningful life you are longing for today. My goal is that each and every time you leave my office you have a new skill in your hand to start the change process. My approach is complete acceptance and non judgement no matter what you are or have experienced. If you are motivated to see change in your life I am committed to helping you get unstuck. For fastest reply please email me.
Not your parent's counseling! What makes me stand out? I don't want you to be my client next year. Let's work hard today to bring about effective and sustainable change so you can start living your best and most fulfilling life and have the incredibly meaningful life you are longing for today. My goal is that each and every time you leave my office you have a new skill in your hand to start the change process. My approach is complete acceptance and non judgement no matter what you are or have experienced. If you are motivated to see change in your life I am committed to helping you get unstuck. For fastest reply please email me.
(719) 454-7985 View (719) 454-7985
Photo of Rachel Wood, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Rachel Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80903  (Online Only)
I work with individual adults navigating relational issues, life transitions, and stress. I am currently completing a PhD and enjoy applying my studies to my private practice. I see clients throughout Colorado virtually via telehealth.
I work with individual adults navigating relational issues, life transitions, and stress. I am currently completing a PhD and enjoy applying my studies to my private practice. I see clients throughout Colorado virtually via telehealth.
(303) 276-1399 View (303) 276-1399
Photo of Community Counseling Center at CCU, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Community Counseling Center at CCU
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
The Community Counseling Center at Colorado Christian University offers evidence-based professional counseling to individuals and families struggling with an array of mental health problems. Our staff of highly trained master’s-level and doctoral-level clinicians have extensive experience integrating faith-based principles into ethical clinical mental health treatment. We provide treatment for: trauma, veteran-specific issues, adolescent behavioral and emotional issues, marriage and family related issues, substance abuse, mood disorders, personality disorders, and other general mental health issues.
The Community Counseling Center at Colorado Christian University offers evidence-based professional counseling to individuals and families struggling with an array of mental health problems. Our staff of highly trained master’s-level and doctoral-level clinicians have extensive experience integrating faith-based principles into ethical clinical mental health treatment. We provide treatment for: trauma, veteran-specific issues, adolescent behavioral and emotional issues, marriage and family related issues, substance abuse, mood disorders, personality disorders, and other general mental health issues.
(719) 399-5745 View (719) 399-5745
Photo of Kathryn Salazar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Kathryn Salazar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918  (Online Only)
Kathryn is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health field. She specializes in helping people heal from past trauma, decrease their depression, anxiety, and stress, and improve the quality of their relationships. Kathryn received her Master's degree in Counseling at Adams State College in Colorado.
Kathryn is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health field. She specializes in helping people heal from past trauma, decrease their depression, anxiety, and stress, and improve the quality of their relationships. Kathryn received her Master's degree in Counseling at Adams State College in Colorado.
(719) 695-7036 View (719) 695-7036
Photo of The Sanctuary of Growth, Registered Psychotherapist in Colorado Springs, CO
The Sanctuary of Growth
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW, RMT
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
The Sanctuary of Growth is a place for those on the spiritual walk. A sanctuary where you can begin initiating and establishing positive change, new supportive routines and self-reflection in your life, also exploring areas that may hold many significant answers to your own journey of growth by allowing for spaces of healing and reflection that resonate with where you wish to head next. My practice is unique in joining evidence based psychotherapeutic approaches with spirituality based exploration, integration and training as the catalyst of growth and root source healing as a tool to help you navigate and uncover the healer within.
The Sanctuary of Growth is a place for those on the spiritual walk. A sanctuary where you can begin initiating and establishing positive change, new supportive routines and self-reflection in your life, also exploring areas that may hold many significant answers to your own journey of growth by allowing for spaces of healing and reflection that resonate with where you wish to head next. My practice is unique in joining evidence based psychotherapeutic approaches with spirituality based exploration, integration and training as the catalyst of growth and root source healing as a tool to help you navigate and uncover the healer within.
(720) 597-8626 View (720) 597-8626
Photo of Shannon Matlock, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Shannon Matlock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80919
“Imperfections are not inadequacies; they are reminders that we’re all in this together.”- Brene Brown
“Imperfections are not inadequacies; they are reminders that we’re all in this together.”- Brene Brown
(719) 625-8708 View (719) 625-8708
Photo of Dr. Amy L. Rapp, Psychologist in Colorado Springs, CO
Dr. Amy L. Rapp
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
I earned my Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology from the American School of Professional Psychology, Arlington Virginia campus. I was trained in forensic evaluation at the Institute of Law, Psychiatry, & Public Policy at University of Virginia. I received my internship training at Broughton Hospital in Morganton, North Carolina, where I specialized in clinical and forensic psychology. I received post-doctoral training in forensic psychology at West Central Georgia Regional Hospital in Columbus, Georgia, where I began an in-patient DBT program for the forensic units.
I earned my Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology from the American School of Professional Psychology, Arlington Virginia campus. I was trained in forensic evaluation at the Institute of Law, Psychiatry, & Public Policy at University of Virginia. I received my internship training at Broughton Hospital in Morganton, North Carolina, where I specialized in clinical and forensic psychology. I received post-doctoral training in forensic psychology at West Central Georgia Regional Hospital in Columbus, Georgia, where I began an in-patient DBT program for the forensic units.
(719) 350-4475 View (719) 350-4475
Photo of John McDowell, Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
John McDowell
Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Whatever the issue at hand you are dealing with, there is hope. It can be nerve-racking and scary to begin the journey of self-reflection, growth and development but John believes in the healing and restoration of individuals, couples, and families! His specialities are marriage therapy and individual therapy for anxiety, deperession, and dealing with the pain of life.
Whatever the issue at hand you are dealing with, there is hope. It can be nerve-racking and scary to begin the journey of self-reflection, growth and development but John believes in the healing and restoration of individuals, couples, and families! His specialities are marriage therapy and individual therapy for anxiety, deperession, and dealing with the pain of life.
(719) 631-1577 View (719) 631-1577
Photo of MonuMental Therapy Group PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
MonuMental Therapy Group PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
MonuMental Therapy Group PLLC is there for you! Times are tough right now and it takes a great deal of courage to get help. Give us a call so we can help you with your marriage, family, individual issues that you are having. Unfortunately, issues do not go away on their own, so we would love to guide you through. We do in person sessions at two different locations as well as Telehealth if you would prefer. We also have Spanish speaking clinicians. Contact us now for help.
MonuMental Therapy Group PLLC is there for you! Times are tough right now and it takes a great deal of courage to get help. Give us a call so we can help you with your marriage, family, individual issues that you are having. Unfortunately, issues do not go away on their own, so we would love to guide you through. We do in person sessions at two different locations as well as Telehealth if you would prefer. We also have Spanish speaking clinicians. Contact us now for help.
(719) 569-8597 View (719) 569-8597
Photo of Jameika Matlock, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Jameika Matlock
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80916  (Online Only)
As a melanated person, I recognize the uniqueness in the Black and Latinx experience as well as the importance of implementing cultural practices to address your well-being. Therefore, I understand your search for mental health services that aim to recognize your unique lived experience. We are often living our lives in survival mode, adapting and assimilating to fit a multitude of spaces where we are seen as the minority. Given the trauma Black and Latinx people experience on a daily, it is easy to feel alone and unheard. I know what it's like to suffer in silence, and I don't want you to know that feeling.
As a melanated person, I recognize the uniqueness in the Black and Latinx experience as well as the importance of implementing cultural practices to address your well-being. Therefore, I understand your search for mental health services that aim to recognize your unique lived experience. We are often living our lives in survival mode, adapting and assimilating to fit a multitude of spaces where we are seen as the minority. Given the trauma Black and Latinx people experience on a daily, it is easy to feel alone and unheard. I know what it's like to suffer in silence, and I don't want you to know that feeling.
(719) 398-7105 View (719) 398-7105
Photo of Jessica Link, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
Jessica Link
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80907  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I currently have a waitlist and am not accepting new clients. If you are ready to dive deep, explore the depths of all that you are, and are eager to make changes within yourself, then it's time to connect. I am a firm believer that we all have the inner wisdom and ability to do the inner work that will lead us to changing our lives. I am honored to be with you along your journey, providing a space for you to explore who you are on every level. My hope is to have a co-created environment where you feel confident that you will walk away from each session knowing that you are working on the most important topic...You.
I currently have a waitlist and am not accepting new clients. If you are ready to dive deep, explore the depths of all that you are, and are eager to make changes within yourself, then it's time to connect. I am a firm believer that we all have the inner wisdom and ability to do the inner work that will lead us to changing our lives. I am honored to be with you along your journey, providing a space for you to explore who you are on every level. My hope is to have a co-created environment where you feel confident that you will walk away from each session knowing that you are working on the most important topic...You.
(719) 581-6691 View (719) 581-6691
Photo of Charles H. Browning, Ph.D., Marriage & Family Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
Charles H. Browning, Ph.D.
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80918  (Online Only)
MEET Dr. Browning – your trusted Catalyst for Transformation. Tired of feeling overwhelmed? Discouraged? Dr. Browning can equip and empower you with proven and practical tools for getting rapid and lasting change. Through his Mindset-Reset Therapy methods, discover fresh new perspectives to help you overcome painful struggles, difficult conflicts, and negativity. Nurture important relationships as you rewrite your story. You can trust his over 40 years of expertise in mental health transformation. Embrace healing now, regain control, and step into new levels of peace. With Dr. Browning’s help, you CAN start over! You’ll see . . .
MEET Dr. Browning – your trusted Catalyst for Transformation. Tired of feeling overwhelmed? Discouraged? Dr. Browning can equip and empower you with proven and practical tools for getting rapid and lasting change. Through his Mindset-Reset Therapy methods, discover fresh new perspectives to help you overcome painful struggles, difficult conflicts, and negativity. Nurture important relationships as you rewrite your story. You can trust his over 40 years of expertise in mental health transformation. Embrace healing now, regain control, and step into new levels of peace. With Dr. Browning’s help, you CAN start over! You’ll see . . .
(719) 888-3467 View (719) 888-3467
Photo of Melanie Protzmann, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Melanie Protzmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, EMDR, DBT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Life can be challenging. Whether you are struggling from issues from the past or adjusting to new circumstances, I want to be a support to help you overcome life's challenges. My goal is to provide a safe and trusting environment for you to talk, listen and offer support, feedback, and skills, and encourage you as you grow.
Life can be challenging. Whether you are struggling from issues from the past or adjusting to new circumstances, I want to be a support to help you overcome life's challenges. My goal is to provide a safe and trusting environment for you to talk, listen and offer support, feedback, and skills, and encourage you as you grow.
(719) 422-4052 View (719) 422-4052
Photo of Brenda Rogers, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Brenda Rogers
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
I specialize in counseling married and pre-marital couples, business professionals, service providers, and emergency workers who are facing life stressors and relationship challenges. I also serve individuals and adolescents who are struggling with self harm or suicidal ideation. As we meet, you will experience unconditional acceptance, authentic relationship, evidence-based interventions, and lasting transformation. Using an integrative strengths-based approach, we will work together to create a personalized counseling plan to guide you towards meeting your counseling goals. Reach out for a complimentary counseling consultation!
I specialize in counseling married and pre-marital couples, business professionals, service providers, and emergency workers who are facing life stressors and relationship challenges. I also serve individuals and adolescents who are struggling with self harm or suicidal ideation. As we meet, you will experience unconditional acceptance, authentic relationship, evidence-based interventions, and lasting transformation. Using an integrative strengths-based approach, we will work together to create a personalized counseling plan to guide you towards meeting your counseling goals. Reach out for a complimentary counseling consultation!
(719) 301-9880 View (719) 301-9880
Photo of Craig Anderson, Psychologist in Colorado Springs, CO
Craig Anderson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80910
Dr. Craig L. Anderson is a licensed Psychologist in Colorado who specializes in evaluating and testing for various cognitive and psychiatric disorders. He earned his doctorate in clinical psychology at Georgia Southern University and completed his predoctoral internship training at Denver Health Hospital Authority. Furthermore, he received advanced training in neuropsychological evaluations during his informal post-doctoral time at Rocky Mountain Behavioral Medicine under the tutelage of neuropsychologist Dr. Kendra L. Sherwood.
Dr. Craig L. Anderson is a licensed Psychologist in Colorado who specializes in evaluating and testing for various cognitive and psychiatric disorders. He earned his doctorate in clinical psychology at Georgia Southern University and completed his predoctoral internship training at Denver Health Hospital Authority. Furthermore, he received advanced training in neuropsychological evaluations during his informal post-doctoral time at Rocky Mountain Behavioral Medicine under the tutelage of neuropsychologist Dr. Kendra L. Sherwood.
(719) 745-4299 View (719) 745-4299
Photo of Lindsay Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Lindsay Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MEd, LPCC, BSP-1, EDIT-1, KAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80920  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with children and adolescents (11+), Emerging Adults (18-35), Couples, and Families, with a strong developmental background in the Emerging Adulthood population. I am clinically trained and certified in Perinatal Mental Health, Eating Disorder Treatment, Brainspotting Therapy, and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I am experienced in working with PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Self-Harm, Personality and Mood Disorders, Substance Use Management, and Parenting and Relationship conflict.
I enjoy working with children and adolescents (11+), Emerging Adults (18-35), Couples, and Families, with a strong developmental background in the Emerging Adulthood population. I am clinically trained and certified in Perinatal Mental Health, Eating Disorder Treatment, Brainspotting Therapy, and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I am experienced in working with PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Self-Harm, Personality and Mood Disorders, Substance Use Management, and Parenting and Relationship conflict.
(719) 800-7505 View (719) 800-7505
Photo of Burning Sage Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Burning Sage Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
I truly believe my purpose in life is helping other people. I absolutely love watching my clients grow in self awareness and the pursuit of happiness and balance. Thank you for your interest in Burning Sage Therapy! As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I partner with my clients to create a genuine relationship, work through trauma, build healthy boundaries, and discover individual values. Through vulnerability, we will confront cultural expectation and feelings of guilt and shame. Life isn't about doing things perfectly but you should definitely be proud of being perfectly imperfect.
I truly believe my purpose in life is helping other people. I absolutely love watching my clients grow in self awareness and the pursuit of happiness and balance. Thank you for your interest in Burning Sage Therapy! As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I partner with my clients to create a genuine relationship, work through trauma, build healthy boundaries, and discover individual values. Through vulnerability, we will confront cultural expectation and feelings of guilt and shame. Life isn't about doing things perfectly but you should definitely be proud of being perfectly imperfect.
(719) 215-9623 View (719) 215-9623
Photo of Victoria Adams-Erickson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Victoria Adams-Erickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
In the process of learning to love yourself, your body, and others there is no such thing as setbacks. What we think is a setback is a growing point, a learning point to lead us further in our relationship with ourselves and others. I would love to work with you navigating those areas of growth, while also seeing the strengths you already possess. It takes such courage to start looking for help. I will seek to empower you in this process and allow for healing and change.
In the process of learning to love yourself, your body, and others there is no such thing as setbacks. What we think is a setback is a growing point, a learning point to lead us further in our relationship with ourselves and others. I would love to work with you navigating those areas of growth, while also seeing the strengths you already possess. It takes such courage to start looking for help. I will seek to empower you in this process and allow for healing and change.
(719) 212-9852 View (719) 212-9852

See more therapy options for Colorado Springs

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
73% Cigna and Evernorth
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Colorado Springs?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.