Therapists in Scranton, PA

Photo of Stephanie Chapman Waters in Scranton, PA
Stephanie Chapman Waters
LSW
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
(272) 444-3077 View (272) 444-3077
Photo of Anja Whitehead, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scranton, PA
Anja Whitehead
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18504
Hello, and thank you for your interest in services. My name is Anja Whitehead and I’m a master's level clinician and Nationally Certified Counselor in Pennsylvania, working towards licensure under supervision. I have a background in working with individuals facing anxiety, PTSD, depression, phase of life problems, and more. I pride myself on cultivating a comfortable, warm, empathetic therapeutic environment for all clients. I work with teens, adults, and couples.
Hello, and thank you for your interest in services. My name is Anja Whitehead and I’m a master's level clinician and Nationally Certified Counselor in Pennsylvania, working towards licensure under supervision. I have a background in working with individuals facing anxiety, PTSD, depression, phase of life problems, and more. I pride myself on cultivating a comfortable, warm, empathetic therapeutic environment for all clients. I work with teens, adults, and couples.
(272) 203-3267 View (272) 203-3267
Photo of Barbara Macleod, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Barbara Macleod
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAACD, MAC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
As a young adult I sought out counseling to help me navigate my life's issues. It felt most beneficial when a therapist, by listening and understanding me, in a nonjudgmental, supportive and educational way, seemed to meet me where I was at both emotionally and mentally- giving me hope, the tools, the time and the motivation I needed to heal.These healing experiences gave me the desire to help others. Thus following their positive examples, I have approached everyone's treatment on an individual basis- knowing everyone is different emotionally and mentally, and are coming from different life experiences.
As a young adult I sought out counseling to help me navigate my life's issues. It felt most beneficial when a therapist, by listening and understanding me, in a nonjudgmental, supportive and educational way, seemed to meet me where I was at both emotionally and mentally- giving me hope, the tools, the time and the motivation I needed to heal.These healing experiences gave me the desire to help others. Thus following their positive examples, I have approached everyone's treatment on an individual basis- knowing everyone is different emotionally and mentally, and are coming from different life experiences.
(570) 216-5575 View (570) 216-5575
Photo of Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops in Scranton, PA
Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops
PsyD, MSW, Life, Coach
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
(570) 514-4584 View (570) 514-4584
Photo of Zigray Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Zigray Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18510
Welcome to Zigray Counseling Services! I believe in the importance of the mind-body connection. Mental health is essential to our overall well-being. My counseling style encourages healthy lifestyle changes in order to improve mental health and wellness. It is also predicated on establishing a trusting relationship that allows for a non- judgemental atmosphere. I believe that change occurs in relation to others.
Welcome to Zigray Counseling Services! I believe in the importance of the mind-body connection. Mental health is essential to our overall well-being. My counseling style encourages healthy lifestyle changes in order to improve mental health and wellness. It is also predicated on establishing a trusting relationship that allows for a non- judgemental atmosphere. I believe that change occurs in relation to others.
(570) 260-9735 View (570) 260-9735
Photo of Marc S Boriosi in Scranton, PA
Marc S Boriosi
MS, CADC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18509
If you've found me here, then you must be gearing up to make some changes in your life. Maybe you're worrying too much and happy too little. Maybe you're feeling lost, hopeless, or in a rut. Wherever you are, you've decided you want to feel better and be better, and now you've shown the courage to seek help. My work with you will be collaborative, caring, and non-judgmental. I will help you reconnect to your inner-resources and strengths, to build new coping skills and problem-solving strategies, and to then apply them to live a life that feels more thriving than merely existing.
If you've found me here, then you must be gearing up to make some changes in your life. Maybe you're worrying too much and happy too little. Maybe you're feeling lost, hopeless, or in a rut. Wherever you are, you've decided you want to feel better and be better, and now you've shown the courage to seek help. My work with you will be collaborative, caring, and non-judgmental. I will help you reconnect to your inner-resources and strengths, to build new coping skills and problem-solving strategies, and to then apply them to live a life that feels more thriving than merely existing.
(272) 422-2016 View (272) 422-2016
Photo of Brenda S Staerker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Brenda S Staerker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
(272) 268-7495 View (272) 268-7495
Photo of Hannah McMinn, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scranton, PA
Hannah McMinn
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Hello! My name is Hannah McMinn, and I hold a Master of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling. My area of focus is trauma and helping people to find peace and balance, despite early experiences of adversity and hardship. I've worked with people of all ages and have an affinity for working with adolescents, young adults, and parents who's children are struggling with behavioral health and/or trauma. I also have experience working with adolescents who do not traditionally like therapy or who have been mandated to therapy by Children and Youth or Juvenile Probation.
Hello! My name is Hannah McMinn, and I hold a Master of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling. My area of focus is trauma and helping people to find peace and balance, despite early experiences of adversity and hardship. I've worked with people of all ages and have an affinity for working with adolescents, young adults, and parents who's children are struggling with behavioral health and/or trauma. I also have experience working with adolescents who do not traditionally like therapy or who have been mandated to therapy by Children and Youth or Juvenile Probation.
(272) 203-7535 View (272) 203-7535
Photo of Trish Filipski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Trish Filipski
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
Welcome! Are you experiencing challenges or hardships? Feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed? Counseling can help! At times we may not know how to manage or cope with life stressors or internal struggles. My approach to counseling is to provide you with a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive space to help you work through the challenges life may bring. I work with children, adolescents, and adults and have experience in areas such as mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, parent-child conflict, and self-esteem. I am here to support you with developing strengths and to achieve your goals.
Welcome! Are you experiencing challenges or hardships? Feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed? Counseling can help! At times we may not know how to manage or cope with life stressors or internal struggles. My approach to counseling is to provide you with a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive space to help you work through the challenges life may bring. I work with children, adolescents, and adults and have experience in areas such as mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, parent-child conflict, and self-esteem. I am here to support you with developing strengths and to achieve your goals.
(570) 676-2042 View (570) 676-2042
Photo of Amanda Gentile, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Amanda Gentile
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
(570) 399-3223 View (570) 399-3223
Photo of Katie Graziano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Katie Graziano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18510  (Online Only)
Welcome! Finding a counselor with whom you can feel safe and vulnerable is so important, so I would like to share a bit more about myself. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working in Pennsylvania. My counseling style is empathetic, caring, genuine, strengths-based, and holistic. My work includes the use of evidence-base approaches, as well as mindfulness and respect of clients’ diverse backgrounds. I strive to help clients grow by working with them in a collaborative, validating, supportive manner. My aim is to help clients feel centered, comfortable being their authentic selves, and empowered to cope with life’s challenges.
Welcome! Finding a counselor with whom you can feel safe and vulnerable is so important, so I would like to share a bit more about myself. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working in Pennsylvania. My counseling style is empathetic, caring, genuine, strengths-based, and holistic. My work includes the use of evidence-base approaches, as well as mindfulness and respect of clients’ diverse backgrounds. I strive to help clients grow by working with them in a collaborative, validating, supportive manner. My aim is to help clients feel centered, comfortable being their authentic selves, and empowered to cope with life’s challenges.
(570) 487-3700 View (570) 487-3700
Photo of Carrie Johanson, Psychologist in Scranton, PA
Carrie Johanson
Psychologist, PhD, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
I work with individuals and couples that are burdened with unprecedented responsibility right now. Impossible expectations often lead to isolation and discourse, hiding our fears and doubts, and resentments. Hiding our true selves can increase negative coping skills, like over or under eating/drinking/sleeping. Therapy can become a place to process and share your inner thoughts and concerns, find balance, and find some new tools to feeling more grounded. I work with folks to feel confident to be transparent to loved ones and seek changes to improve their daily lives. My couples leave empowered to have the tough talks without fear.
I work with individuals and couples that are burdened with unprecedented responsibility right now. Impossible expectations often lead to isolation and discourse, hiding our fears and doubts, and resentments. Hiding our true selves can increase negative coping skills, like over or under eating/drinking/sleeping. Therapy can become a place to process and share your inner thoughts and concerns, find balance, and find some new tools to feeling more grounded. I work with folks to feel confident to be transparent to loved ones and seek changes to improve their daily lives. My couples leave empowered to have the tough talks without fear.
(570) 209-9898 View (570) 209-9898
Photo of Rochelle Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Rochelle Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! My name is Rochelle Rodriguez and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I take on a person-centered approach serving as a guide and a source of support for my clients to reach self-acceptance and recovery. I view therapy as a collaborative effort in which I provide a judgment-free environment to help my clients work through life’s challenges in a safe place. My passion and goal is to assist individuals reach their fullest potential by highlighting their strengths and helping them work through their areas of growth. I strive to assist individuals with finding purpose and healing in their lives.
Hi! My name is Rochelle Rodriguez and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I take on a person-centered approach serving as a guide and a source of support for my clients to reach self-acceptance and recovery. I view therapy as a collaborative effort in which I provide a judgment-free environment to help my clients work through life’s challenges in a safe place. My passion and goal is to assist individuals reach their fullest potential by highlighting their strengths and helping them work through their areas of growth. I strive to assist individuals with finding purpose and healing in their lives.
(570) 535-4199 View (570) 535-4199
Photo of Kristin Patchell-Pellis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Kristin Patchell-Pellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
My philosophy comes from the perspective that we can all find the strength we need within ourselves, more than we believe is possible, by examining and challenging our thoughts, feelings and perspectives. By evaluating our own expectations and those we hold of others we can better understand how to attain our personal goals and overcome challenges. As a woman, mother and athlete I value the importance of maximizing my potential as a human being and finding balance in the face of the very obstacles and challenges that make me human, and I bring that attitude to my work with others.
My philosophy comes from the perspective that we can all find the strength we need within ourselves, more than we believe is possible, by examining and challenging our thoughts, feelings and perspectives. By evaluating our own expectations and those we hold of others we can better understand how to attain our personal goals and overcome challenges. As a woman, mother and athlete I value the importance of maximizing my potential as a human being and finding balance in the face of the very obstacles and challenges that make me human, and I bring that attitude to my work with others.
(973) 928-0472 View (973) 928-0472
Photo of Heather Stuart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Heather Stuart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
My approach to counseling is from a humanistic perspective which places importance on looking at the whole person. By creating an atmosphere of safety and security, I assist the person in examining current difficulties, reconnecting to forgotten strengths and discovering their full potential. I believe that this is best achieved through understanding an individual's relationship to persons, places, things and events and how those relationships affect the person mentally, emotionally and physically.
My approach to counseling is from a humanistic perspective which places importance on looking at the whole person. By creating an atmosphere of safety and security, I assist the person in examining current difficulties, reconnecting to forgotten strengths and discovering their full potential. I believe that this is best achieved through understanding an individual's relationship to persons, places, things and events and how those relationships affect the person mentally, emotionally and physically.
(570) 279-4560 View (570) 279-4560
Photo of Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(272) 444-3040 x1 View (272) 444-3040 x1
Photo of Kelli Anne Marie Cali, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Kelli Anne Marie Cali
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC, CRC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Working from an eclectic and integrated approach I am present to support clients as they grow to access their own inner resources. I believe that every person has the answers they are searching for within themselves, we all just need a little help recognizing them sometimes.
Working from an eclectic and integrated approach I am present to support clients as they grow to access their own inner resources. I believe that every person has the answers they are searching for within themselves, we all just need a little help recognizing them sometimes.
(272) 200-5370 View (272) 200-5370
Photo of Megan Greenwald, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Megan Greenwald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, , CGCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience working with adolescents and adults, who experience situations or symptoms related to grief work, trauma, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, codependency, anger management, bipolar disorder and attachment work. I work to provide a warm and unconditional environment that will allow clients to feel safe, accepted and free to explore their current life circumstances and come to know the strength within them. I currently work in office and telehealth sessions if needed.
I have experience working with adolescents and adults, who experience situations or symptoms related to grief work, trauma, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, codependency, anger management, bipolar disorder and attachment work. I work to provide a warm and unconditional environment that will allow clients to feel safe, accepted and free to explore their current life circumstances and come to know the strength within them. I currently work in office and telehealth sessions if needed.
(272) 206-2860 View (272) 206-2860
Photo of Tony Kearney LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Tony Kearney LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
(570) 279-4564 View (570) 279-4564
Photo of Dorothy A Dean, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Dorothy A Dean
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCP, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Entering therapy for the first time can initially feel stressful or overwhelming until the process unfolds and you realize that you made the right choice; to take care of yourself. Something doesn't feel quite right; maybe your relationships lack fulfillment, you have no goals, you dread your future, or maybe you stopped looking forward to waking up and facing the day. Therapy is a step by step process that requires time and hard work. Together we will explore the mystery that surrounds you as you accept the challenge that is necessary to develop a new sense of health and well-being.
Entering therapy for the first time can initially feel stressful or overwhelming until the process unfolds and you realize that you made the right choice; to take care of yourself. Something doesn't feel quite right; maybe your relationships lack fulfillment, you have no goals, you dread your future, or maybe you stopped looking forward to waking up and facing the day. Therapy is a step by step process that requires time and hard work. Together we will explore the mystery that surrounds you as you accept the challenge that is necessary to develop a new sense of health and well-being.
(570) 279-4886 View (570) 279-4886

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scranton, PA

100+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Scranton, PA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
88% Depression
86% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
79% Geisinger
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Scranton, PA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scranton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.