Therapists in Chapel Hill, NC

Photo of Lauren Gardner, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Lauren Gardner
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, PhD, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27517
If you're ready to go deep, there's a very good chance I'm the right therapist for you. My approach is experiential, first and foremost, and I am here to help you get that real change that's been out of reach for too long. My primary specialty is working with other helping professionals: therapists, healers, and other high-achieving folks with a lifelong commitment to their own growth and unfolding.
If you're ready to go deep, there's a very good chance I'm the right therapist for you. My approach is experiential, first and foremost, and I am here to help you get that real change that's been out of reach for too long. My primary specialty is working with other helping professionals: therapists, healers, and other high-achieving folks with a lifelong commitment to their own growth and unfolding.
(919) 887-8503 View (919) 887-8503
Photo of Madeline Baker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Madeline Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
My style of therapy offers a non-judgmental space to explore your feelings and process your experiences and emotions. I am a mixed bilingual Latina licensed clinical social worker. My background includes working with children, teens, and families doing in-home and school-based therapy. I like to use a trauma-informed perspective along with mindfulness and motivational interviewing to guide clients through their journey to healing. My goal is to find the right combination of treatment that works best for you and empower you along the way.
My style of therapy offers a non-judgmental space to explore your feelings and process your experiences and emotions. I am a mixed bilingual Latina licensed clinical social worker. My background includes working with children, teens, and families doing in-home and school-based therapy. I like to use a trauma-informed perspective along with mindfulness and motivational interviewing to guide clients through their journey to healing. My goal is to find the right combination of treatment that works best for you and empower you along the way.
(919) 298-8708 View (919) 298-8708
Photo of Trinitas Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Trinitas Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCHMC
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
In-person and virtual counseling services for individuals, couples, and families, including children, adolescents and adults. Specialties include LGBTQIA+ Issues, Relationships, Trauma, Religious Issues, Grief, and others. Clinicians at Trinitas Services practice the Nurture Play Structure Model of Therapy, as well as other modalities that best meet clients' needs.
In-person and virtual counseling services for individuals, couples, and families, including children, adolescents and adults. Specialties include LGBTQIA+ Issues, Relationships, Trauma, Religious Issues, Grief, and others. Clinicians at Trinitas Services practice the Nurture Play Structure Model of Therapy, as well as other modalities that best meet clients' needs.
(984) 422-3950 View (984) 422-3950
Photo of Suzanne Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Suzanne Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
"I want you to get excited about who you are, what you are, what you have, and what can still be for you." - Virginia Satir. I am passionate about helping people and their loved ones connect with hope and positive change. I use a collaborative, compassionate, and non-judgmental approach in working with adult individuals, couples, and families. I specialize in areas related to substance misuse, ongoing family conflict, codependence, trauma, and recovery. Fortunately you can learn to cope in healthy ways, heal, and overcome these challenges--and you don't have to do it alone.
"I want you to get excited about who you are, what you are, what you have, and what can still be for you." - Virginia Satir. I am passionate about helping people and their loved ones connect with hope and positive change. I use a collaborative, compassionate, and non-judgmental approach in working with adult individuals, couples, and families. I specialize in areas related to substance misuse, ongoing family conflict, codependence, trauma, and recovery. Fortunately you can learn to cope in healthy ways, heal, and overcome these challenges--and you don't have to do it alone.
(919) 324-6865 View (919) 324-6865
Photo of Creating Successful Children - David Shanks, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Creating Successful Children - David Shanks, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Successful children are happy, socially competent and secure in developing age appropriate skills. They get along with their family, friends, and at school. What all parents want is to successfully launch their children as independent adults. This can be a daunting task in today's world. The time to identify and solve problems in this process is as early as possible. I offer both short-term and long-term interventions for children and the adults in their lives. I also work with adults to help you identify and change stuck patterns of thought and feeling to move ahead in life.
Successful children are happy, socially competent and secure in developing age appropriate skills. They get along with their family, friends, and at school. What all parents want is to successfully launch their children as independent adults. This can be a daunting task in today's world. The time to identify and solve problems in this process is as early as possible. I offer both short-term and long-term interventions for children and the adults in their lives. I also work with adults to help you identify and change stuck patterns of thought and feeling to move ahead in life.
(919) 585-1087 View (919) 585-1087
Photo of Southeast Institute for Group and Family Therapy, Psychologist in Chapel Hill, NC
Southeast Institute for Group and Family Therapy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27517  (Online Only)
The Southeast Institute is a nonprofit educational institute offering continuing education (CEUs) workshops and training programs in psychotherapy for mental health professionals as well as direct clinical services. The Southeast Institute has earned respect and recognition for its excellence of training and its continued commitment to developing effective models for individual and social change. Trainees have traveled from nearly every state and more than 10 countries to attend workshops and ongoing training and supervision programs. SEI practitioners offer individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy, family therapy, redecision therapy, TA, child therapy, energy psychotherapy (AIT), EMDR, and intensive personal growth programs.
The Southeast Institute is a nonprofit educational institute offering continuing education (CEUs) workshops and training programs in psychotherapy for mental health professionals as well as direct clinical services. The Southeast Institute has earned respect and recognition for its excellence of training and its continued commitment to developing effective models for individual and social change. Trainees have traveled from nearly every state and more than 10 countries to attend workshops and ongoing training and supervision programs. SEI practitioners offer individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy, family therapy, redecision therapy, TA, child therapy, energy psychotherapy (AIT), EMDR, and intensive personal growth programs.
(919) 582-5002 View (919) 582-5002
Photo of Ryan F Murphy, Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Ryan F Murphy
Counselor, LMHCA, MS , DBT
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27517
Deciding to venture into therapy is never an easy decision so it's important to note the strength it took to make it this far. I believe the goal of any type of therapy is to make the uncomfortable comfortable. My goal is to help you navigate the difficult emotions, intrusive thoughts, and impulsive behavior through a behavioral based approach.
Deciding to venture into therapy is never an easy decision so it's important to note the strength it took to make it this far. I believe the goal of any type of therapy is to make the uncomfortable comfortable. My goal is to help you navigate the difficult emotions, intrusive thoughts, and impulsive behavior through a behavioral based approach.
(984) 689-9105 View (984) 689-9105
Photo of Andrea Shaw, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Andrea Shaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, MCC
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27517  (Online Only)
Are you anxious or depressed? Going through a transition and needing support? Have a health issue that's hard to manage? If you are in the midst of changes or struggling with feelings and thoughts that interfere with your relationships, productivity, or sense of well-being, let's talk. Together we can focus on resolving problems and improving your life with practical solutions, and through cultivating self-understanding and focusing on what's most important to you.
Are you anxious or depressed? Going through a transition and needing support? Have a health issue that's hard to manage? If you are in the midst of changes or struggling with feelings and thoughts that interfere with your relationships, productivity, or sense of well-being, let's talk. Together we can focus on resolving problems and improving your life with practical solutions, and through cultivating self-understanding and focusing on what's most important to you.
(919) 234-5130 View (919) 234-5130
Photo of Allison Schad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Allison Schad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Let’s be real, life can be stressful. Whether it’s coping with present day experiences, unpacking past hurts, or finding different ways to be in the future, therapy can help. As a somatic psychotherapist, I believe in your ability to heal, to be present, & to change. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, adjusting to personal & professional life challenges, & sustaining recovery from substance use. I enjoy working with students, professionals, & those in the healthcare field.
Let’s be real, life can be stressful. Whether it’s coping with present day experiences, unpacking past hurts, or finding different ways to be in the future, therapy can help. As a somatic psychotherapist, I believe in your ability to heal, to be present, & to change. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, adjusting to personal & professional life challenges, & sustaining recovery from substance use. I enjoy working with students, professionals, & those in the healthcare field.
(919) 918-0361 View (919) 918-0361
Photo of Zemzem Amme, Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Zemzem Amme
Counselor, MA, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
My name is Zemzem Amme, I'm a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate. I have been working in the mental health field for ten years, with both adults and adolescents aged 12 and older. My area of expertise are individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, anger issues, developmental transitions, trauma, OCD, and substance abuse.
My name is Zemzem Amme, I'm a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate. I have been working in the mental health field for ten years, with both adults and adolescents aged 12 and older. My area of expertise are individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, anger issues, developmental transitions, trauma, OCD, and substance abuse.
(919) 642-1418 View (919) 642-1418
Photo of NC Center for Resiliency, PLLC, Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
NC Center for Resiliency, PLLC
Counselor, MS, LPCA, CRC
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
I believe that everyone has the ability to find power within themselves to create a life that works best for them. I specialize in working with teenagers and adults with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image concerns, bipolar disorder, dissociative episodes and life transitions.
I believe that everyone has the ability to find power within themselves to create a life that works best for them. I specialize in working with teenagers and adults with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image concerns, bipolar disorder, dissociative episodes and life transitions.
(919) 525-3190 View (919) 525-3190
Photo of Mackenzie Wilkins, Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Mackenzie Wilkins
Counselor, MS, NCC, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27514  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate with experience working with teens and young adults providing assistance in managing a variety of behavioral and emotional concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, difficult life transitions, stress management, self-esteem, relationship issues, and school/academic concerns. I am passionate about creating a space to reflect, resist, and regrow. I achieve this by creating a safe, non-judgmental, collaborative space where you can show up authentically.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate with experience working with teens and young adults providing assistance in managing a variety of behavioral and emotional concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, difficult life transitions, stress management, self-esteem, relationship issues, and school/academic concerns. I am passionate about creating a space to reflect, resist, and regrow. I achieve this by creating a safe, non-judgmental, collaborative space where you can show up authentically.
(919) 367-1826 View (919) 367-1826
Photo of Joshua Martin Hillie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Joshua Martin Hillie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516  (Online Only)
I am a solutions focused therapist that specializes in working with men. You are meant to live a rich and meaningful life. A life with purpose, meaning, and direction. With kindness, respect, and compassion I will be that ally to help you move towards what is important to you. I seek to help you live out your greatest potential, and help you connect with your whole self. In this journey we’ll explore your fear, grief, anger, wonder, joy, and happiness. Let’s not just settle for functioning in this one precious life you have…let’s thrive in it together. ACT, MBCT, and MI, are my primary therapeutic approaches.
I am a solutions focused therapist that specializes in working with men. You are meant to live a rich and meaningful life. A life with purpose, meaning, and direction. With kindness, respect, and compassion I will be that ally to help you move towards what is important to you. I seek to help you live out your greatest potential, and help you connect with your whole self. In this journey we’ll explore your fear, grief, anger, wonder, joy, and happiness. Let’s not just settle for functioning in this one precious life you have…let’s thrive in it together. ACT, MBCT, and MI, are my primary therapeutic approaches.
(843) 919-4041 View (843) 919-4041
Photo of Chapel Hill Art Therapy-Uli Schempp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chapel Hill, NC
Chapel Hill Art Therapy-Uli Schempp
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR-BC, LCMHC, LCAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Art therapy offers a unique path to access and express dreamlike or diffuse mental images representing emotional memories that often are non-linear and therefore difficult to express verbally. The imagery then becomes the subject of contemplation and discussion with the art therapist and will add to the client's understanding of what motivates her/his behavior and emotions. In addition, art making is a soothing and meditative process and helps reduce stress, anxiety and depression while working through sometimes difficult issues.
Art therapy offers a unique path to access and express dreamlike or diffuse mental images representing emotional memories that often are non-linear and therefore difficult to express verbally. The imagery then becomes the subject of contemplation and discussion with the art therapist and will add to the client's understanding of what motivates her/his behavior and emotions. In addition, art making is a soothing and meditative process and helps reduce stress, anxiety and depression while working through sometimes difficult issues.
(646) 762-0318 View (646) 762-0318
Photo of Ana Lategan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Ana Lategan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Whether you’re navigating a major life transition, coping with difficult emotions, or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to offer support and guidance every step of the way. My goal is to empower you to take charge of your life and to make meaningful changes. I will help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your relationships. We will identify and further explore patterns and untangle the complex web of your past, present and potential future. Through this process, you’ll develop new insights and perspectives that can lead to long-lasting change. We will honor your story and work collaboratively to create a brighter future.
Whether you’re navigating a major life transition, coping with difficult emotions, or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to offer support and guidance every step of the way. My goal is to empower you to take charge of your life and to make meaningful changes. I will help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your relationships. We will identify and further explore patterns and untangle the complex web of your past, present and potential future. Through this process, you’ll develop new insights and perspectives that can lead to long-lasting change. We will honor your story and work collaboratively to create a brighter future.
(888) 204-8409 View (888) 204-8409
Photo of Allessandra Jacobsen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chapel Hill, NC
Allessandra Jacobsen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Not accepting new clients
Do you just need someone who will listen and understand? Or are you having a hard time connecting with a loved one? Do you wonder what happened to your relationship? Do you struggle with communication or looking to reconnect? I love working with Individuals and relationships. Sometimes life's transitions draw us further away from each other, like after having kids, or when they move away. It's easy to become more like roommates. I help you open up to each other again and feel safe and seen. Intimacy can become non-existent or seem like a chore. I can help you talk about those sensitive topics and connect intimately and sexually.
Do you just need someone who will listen and understand? Or are you having a hard time connecting with a loved one? Do you wonder what happened to your relationship? Do you struggle with communication or looking to reconnect? I love working with Individuals and relationships. Sometimes life's transitions draw us further away from each other, like after having kids, or when they move away. It's easy to become more like roommates. I help you open up to each other again and feel safe and seen. Intimacy can become non-existent or seem like a chore. I can help you talk about those sensitive topics and connect intimately and sexually.
(984) 646-6606 View (984) 646-6606
Photo of Leslie Cloninger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chapel Hill, NC
Leslie Cloninger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
A believer in self-actualization, Leslie is eager to empower you to become your best self. To be known is one of life’s greatest adventures and sometimes we have to feel safe to gain insight into thought and behavioral patterns in order to grow and change in positive ways. Partnering with you to develop the tools you need to be able to meet life’s challenges, Leslie is honored and excited to help folxs on the journey toward full, balanced, authentic lives. Sometimes emotions are tough but together, Leslie works to help you fully experience your emotions and learn how to regulate them through building self-compassion and acceptance.
A believer in self-actualization, Leslie is eager to empower you to become your best self. To be known is one of life’s greatest adventures and sometimes we have to feel safe to gain insight into thought and behavioral patterns in order to grow and change in positive ways. Partnering with you to develop the tools you need to be able to meet life’s challenges, Leslie is honored and excited to help folxs on the journey toward full, balanced, authentic lives. Sometimes emotions are tough but together, Leslie works to help you fully experience your emotions and learn how to regulate them through building self-compassion and acceptance.
(919) 443-6355 View (919) 443-6355
Photo of Glenn Ireland, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chapel Hill, NC
Glenn Ireland
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27517
Not accepting new clients
I respect your courage in seeking help and in pursuing growth and change. Many people have gone through times of feeling overwhelmed, worried, sad, angry, unheard or invisible, as well as other challenging emotions and experiences. I believe the best way to approach these concerns is providing skills and strategies for coping effectively, while also taking time to explore their origin and relational context in your life. This holistic process is geared toward deeper self-insight, greater connection with others, and empowerment aimed at fostering lasting change.
I respect your courage in seeking help and in pursuing growth and change. Many people have gone through times of feeling overwhelmed, worried, sad, angry, unheard or invisible, as well as other challenging emotions and experiences. I believe the best way to approach these concerns is providing skills and strategies for coping effectively, while also taking time to explore their origin and relational context in your life. This holistic process is geared toward deeper self-insight, greater connection with others, and empowerment aimed at fostering lasting change.
(919) 584-9087 View (919) 584-9087
Photo of Jeanne Steffen, Psychologist in Chapel Hill, NC
Jeanne Steffen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chapel Hill, NC 27517  (Online Only)
I moved to North Carolina from the Northwest in 2018 and am considered a true generalist. This means I have over 10,000 hours of experience helping children, adolescents, and adults with the myriad concerns that bring them to therapy (see the specialty list below): however, my areas of expertise are in trauma, anxiety, improving interpersonal relationship dynamics, and performance improvement. I enjoy working with health care professionals, athletes, teachers, and professors working toward tenure. I don't have any openings currently; however, please reach out to get on the waitlist.
I moved to North Carolina from the Northwest in 2018 and am considered a true generalist. This means I have over 10,000 hours of experience helping children, adolescents, and adults with the myriad concerns that bring them to therapy (see the specialty list below): however, my areas of expertise are in trauma, anxiety, improving interpersonal relationship dynamics, and performance improvement. I enjoy working with health care professionals, athletes, teachers, and professors working toward tenure. I don't have any openings currently; however, please reach out to get on the waitlist.
(919) 443-6512 View (919) 443-6512
Photo of Karen N Luley, Psychologist in Chapel Hill, NC
Karen N Luley
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27517
Do you feel frustrated by your child’s behaviors? Confused about the best parenting strategies to help them? Maybe you see your child struggling and you’re wondering if there’s something you can do to better support them. Maybe you’re confused about whether your child is just going through a phase or struggling with a true “disorder.” Disorder or not, you’re likely wondering the best way you can help them. You want them to succeed and live their best lives. That’s why you’re here and I commend you for taking steps to find some answers!
Do you feel frustrated by your child’s behaviors? Confused about the best parenting strategies to help them? Maybe you see your child struggling and you’re wondering if there’s something you can do to better support them. Maybe you’re confused about whether your child is just going through a phase or struggling with a true “disorder.” Disorder or not, you’re likely wondering the best way you can help them. You want them to succeed and live their best lives. That’s why you’re here and I commend you for taking steps to find some answers!
(984) 223-8469 View (984) 223-8469

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chapel Hill, NC

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chapel Hill, NC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
43% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chapel Hill, NC see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chapel Hill?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.