Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Jess Nicholas Laird, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jess Nicholas Laird
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703  (Online Only)
Very few of us were given the tools and affirmation needed to navigate sex, despite it being a fundamental part of our humanity. I am a sex therapist passionate about reducing sexual shame, fostering a lens of curiosity and self-acceptance in sexuality, building a sense of playfulness and confidence, developing a personal acumen of sexual values, and unlearning messages of sex-negative cultures. I approach therapy from a relational, psychodynamic perspective, which means seeking to understand patterns that shape emotions, thoughts, and behavior and how these things have been influenced by our history, culture, and experiences.
Very few of us were given the tools and affirmation needed to navigate sex, despite it being a fundamental part of our humanity. I am a sex therapist passionate about reducing sexual shame, fostering a lens of curiosity and self-acceptance in sexuality, building a sense of playfulness and confidence, developing a personal acumen of sexual values, and unlearning messages of sex-negative cultures. I approach therapy from a relational, psychodynamic perspective, which means seeking to understand patterns that shape emotions, thoughts, and behavior and how these things have been influenced by our history, culture, and experiences.
(925) 248-3846 View (925) 248-3846
Photo of Kim C Venezia, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kim C Venezia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
I strive to co-create a safe, compassionate place to explore past relationships and experiences that have molded you and the past patterns that may have held you back from the happiness and peace you deserve. I can help you identify what you want to do differently in relationships and in life. My approach to therapy is deeply relational. I offer the warmth and connection to allow you to gain insight, self-knowledge & self acceptance. Whether you are carrying feelings of sadness or anxiety, the work that we can do together will show you that the changes you want are possible.
I strive to co-create a safe, compassionate place to explore past relationships and experiences that have molded you and the past patterns that may have held you back from the happiness and peace you deserve. I can help you identify what you want to do differently in relationships and in life. My approach to therapy is deeply relational. I offer the warmth and connection to allow you to gain insight, self-knowledge & self acceptance. Whether you are carrying feelings of sadness or anxiety, the work that we can do together will show you that the changes you want are possible.
(510) 497-0499 View (510) 497-0499
Photo of Iris Leung, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Iris Leung
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Dr. Iris Leung is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in gender and sexual identity, race-based stress, transitional periods, trauma, depression, anxiety, sleep issues, sexual health, and relationship strain. Dr. Leung’s integrative clinical approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational, and evidence-based theories. They strongly believe in the importance of validating emotions and personal narratives, and creating an empathic space for introspection and change.
Dr. Iris Leung is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in gender and sexual identity, race-based stress, transitional periods, trauma, depression, anxiety, sleep issues, sexual health, and relationship strain. Dr. Leung’s integrative clinical approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational, and evidence-based theories. They strongly believe in the importance of validating emotions and personal narratives, and creating an empathic space for introspection and change.
(415) 754-4732 View (415) 754-4732
Photo of Zoe Machado, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Zoe Machado
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
(650) 750-0618 View (650) 750-0618
Photo of Sandra Amador Mora, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sandra Amador Mora
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710
I work with people who are suffering and are looking to better understand why they feel the way they do. My clients are open to exploring the role that internal unconscious forces, as well the role that the social environment, play in how they experience themselves and others. Long term psychotherapy is not only beneficial for dealing with suffering. Once a person has made progress with the primary life concerns, room is created for expansive growth, including the attainment of goals, and I believe that it is equally important to go through this process accompanied.
I work with people who are suffering and are looking to better understand why they feel the way they do. My clients are open to exploring the role that internal unconscious forces, as well the role that the social environment, play in how they experience themselves and others. Long term psychotherapy is not only beneficial for dealing with suffering. Once a person has made progress with the primary life concerns, room is created for expansive growth, including the attainment of goals, and I believe that it is equally important to go through this process accompanied.
(510) 230-2681 View (510) 230-2681
Photo of Deborah S. Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Deborah S. Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients who are interested in developing their whole selves. When clients are interested, I make use of the Enneagram, a powerful tool for self-understanding & understanding others, promoting deep self-awareness. I work with couples to improve communication & connection. I am thrilled to work with women creating new lives for themselves after launching their kids, newer Moms who are dealing with a shift in their identities, & with single folks who are navigating singledom or the world of relationships. I help people set healthy boundaries & practice better self-care. I offer compassion, insight, humor & feedback.
I work with clients who are interested in developing their whole selves. When clients are interested, I make use of the Enneagram, a powerful tool for self-understanding & understanding others, promoting deep self-awareness. I work with couples to improve communication & connection. I am thrilled to work with women creating new lives for themselves after launching their kids, newer Moms who are dealing with a shift in their identities, & with single folks who are navigating singledom or the world of relationships. I help people set healthy boundaries & practice better self-care. I offer compassion, insight, humor & feedback.
(925) 478-2180 View (925) 478-2180
Photo of Linda L Taggart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Linda L Taggart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
My clients are generally successful in life and want to let go of recurring troubling dynamics. They could experience various types of anxiety that interfere with their freely participating in life. They may have specific achievements to accomplish. Our therapeutic relationship is the basis for talking through the situations consistently to get more insight. We can develop a plan to tackle any unique symptoms through appropriate supportive resources such as cognitive behavioral strategies. The EMDR modality I practice is useful to both enhance performance and to address old issues or traumas.
My clients are generally successful in life and want to let go of recurring troubling dynamics. They could experience various types of anxiety that interfere with their freely participating in life. They may have specific achievements to accomplish. Our therapeutic relationship is the basis for talking through the situations consistently to get more insight. We can develop a plan to tackle any unique symptoms through appropriate supportive resources such as cognitive behavioral strategies. The EMDR modality I practice is useful to both enhance performance and to address old issues or traumas.
(650) 446-3647 View (650) 446-3647
Photo of Jon Platania, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jon Platania
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Life will present us now and then with the unexpected.  This clearly is a time of major change for all of us. Not all of this is new nor is it novel. Even in the most normal of times we often do experience unwelcome events, the loss of a loved one, disability, addiction, economic insecurity, loneliness. To live is perhaps also to suffer. But we need not suffer alone. You will find me to be a compassionate, capable psychotherapist. Working together, I can help you to live a happier, more contented and fulfilling life. So then, where are you now? Where would you like to go from here? Would you like to create a new narrative? 
Life will present us now and then with the unexpected.  This clearly is a time of major change for all of us. Not all of this is new nor is it novel. Even in the most normal of times we often do experience unwelcome events, the loss of a loved one, disability, addiction, economic insecurity, loneliness. To live is perhaps also to suffer. But we need not suffer alone. You will find me to be a compassionate, capable psychotherapist. Working together, I can help you to live a happier, more contented and fulfilling life. So then, where are you now? Where would you like to go from here? Would you like to create a new narrative? 
(510) 937-3920 View (510) 937-3920
Photo of Matt R Garrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Matt R Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, BCBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I tend to work with and help those that are impacted by anxiety and/or depression on a daily basis, hindering overall well-being but also in specific areas of life as well. I look to support, educate, guide and collaboratively work with my clients of any age, aiming to help them get to where they want to be in their lives. I focus on helping you determine which goals you'd like to focus on that uses your own core values in your life to help bring more meaning to the the thoughts you have and the things you do each day.
I tend to work with and help those that are impacted by anxiety and/or depression on a daily basis, hindering overall well-being but also in specific areas of life as well. I look to support, educate, guide and collaboratively work with my clients of any age, aiming to help them get to where they want to be in their lives. I focus on helping you determine which goals you'd like to focus on that uses your own core values in your life to help bring more meaning to the the thoughts you have and the things you do each day.
(510) 405-3838 View (510) 405-3838
Photo of Lynn Winsten, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Lynn Winsten
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94706
The problems you might be facing may have to do with love and loss, difficulty with friendships, and/or work relations, career decisions, trauma or abuse, physical illness or disabilities. You may be dealing with loneliness, anxiety or depression. I am a down to earth, no nonsense kind of person, I am also kind, respectful, compassionate, and at times funny. I listen well and am very devoted to my work.
The problems you might be facing may have to do with love and loss, difficulty with friendships, and/or work relations, career decisions, trauma or abuse, physical illness or disabilities. You may be dealing with loneliness, anxiety or depression. I am a down to earth, no nonsense kind of person, I am also kind, respectful, compassionate, and at times funny. I listen well and am very devoted to my work.
(510) 892-2779 View (510) 892-2779
Photo of Sam Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sam Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
(781) 417-5129 View (781) 417-5129
Photo of Susanne Stolcke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Susanne Stolcke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Dear Reader, choosing to seek therapy can be a difficult and stressful decision and I deeply respect your courage. My primary work is with women and men who suffer from depression, anxiety, feel generally unhappy and/or are struggling in their relationship(s).
Dear Reader, choosing to seek therapy can be a difficult and stressful decision and I deeply respect your courage. My primary work is with women and men who suffer from depression, anxiety, feel generally unhappy and/or are struggling in their relationship(s).
(510) 375-4575 View (510) 375-4575
Photo of Adam Chase Kahn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Adam Chase Kahn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I support people of various ethnic groups, sexual orientations, gender identities, and socioeconomic backgrounds to bring meaning to their lives, connect with their aliveness, and expand their sense of personal choice and freedom.
I support people of various ethnic groups, sexual orientations, gender identities, and socioeconomic backgrounds to bring meaning to their lives, connect with their aliveness, and expand their sense of personal choice and freedom.
(510) 661-3478 View (510) 661-3478
Photo of Mel McCrea, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Mel McCrea
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I hold therapy as a human relationship rooted in care, respect, and remembering our freedom. I listen deeply and honor the wisdom and strength already present within you. At your own pace, we will gently explore painful and stuck places so that we can invite understanding, compassion, and new possibilities. We will also look critically at systems of oppression and their impact on you. Through awareness and self-trust, we will strive to unlock energy and imagination to build the life and relationships you long for. Optionally, we can bring in creative/artistic modalities, body-based practices, dreamwork, spirituality, and ritual.
I hold therapy as a human relationship rooted in care, respect, and remembering our freedom. I listen deeply and honor the wisdom and strength already present within you. At your own pace, we will gently explore painful and stuck places so that we can invite understanding, compassion, and new possibilities. We will also look critically at systems of oppression and their impact on you. Through awareness and self-trust, we will strive to unlock energy and imagination to build the life and relationships you long for. Optionally, we can bring in creative/artistic modalities, body-based practices, dreamwork, spirituality, and ritual.
(415) 936-8703 View (415) 936-8703
Photo of Jessica Osmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jessica Osmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Welcome! I am a licensed therapist with 13 years of experience providing mental health services to adults and adolescents. My style is compassionate, trauma-informed, and grounded in principles of anti-oppression and harm reduction. Whether you are struggling with new symptoms or a previous diagnosis has become more difficult to manage, I offer a warm and welcoming environment in which to explore ways to improve your life.
Welcome! I am a licensed therapist with 13 years of experience providing mental health services to adults and adolescents. My style is compassionate, trauma-informed, and grounded in principles of anti-oppression and harm reduction. Whether you are struggling with new symptoms or a previous diagnosis has become more difficult to manage, I offer a warm and welcoming environment in which to explore ways to improve your life.
(510) 369-4786 View (510) 369-4786
Photo of Paul Rubin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Berkeley, CA
Paul Rubin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
When seeking help for anxiety or other mental health related issues, having an attentive, engaging, and grounding presence can be the first step towards healing. I have experienced it as a therapist and as a client. It is my intention to provide this presence for those I serve. Clients who come to me are seeking a trusted person to help with anxiety that comes in many forms, such as depression, inflation, or panic. This can cause people to feel lost and wanting guidance. Additionally, I have found that people want to be more in touch with themselves in a calmer manner to find their own inner guidance to live life more fully.
When seeking help for anxiety or other mental health related issues, having an attentive, engaging, and grounding presence can be the first step towards healing. I have experienced it as a therapist and as a client. It is my intention to provide this presence for those I serve. Clients who come to me are seeking a trusted person to help with anxiety that comes in many forms, such as depression, inflation, or panic. This can cause people to feel lost and wanting guidance. Additionally, I have found that people want to be more in touch with themselves in a calmer manner to find their own inner guidance to live life more fully.
(510) 662-6970 View (510) 662-6970
Photo of Art Practice: Psychotherapy for Children, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Art Practice: Psychotherapy for Children
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
I work with children, adolescents, and families impacted by chronic conditions, in particular type 1 diabetes. Because managing chronic conditions creates added and continual stress as well as greater dependency on others, the ability to regulate emotions and improved interpersonal functioning can make life smoother. Helping a child better understand his or her strengths, and how to more effectively draw on them, can assist the child, and family members, in adjusting to life with illness. I believe that finding individual solutions and discovering new strengths in therapy can be fun and imaginative.
I work with children, adolescents, and families impacted by chronic conditions, in particular type 1 diabetes. Because managing chronic conditions creates added and continual stress as well as greater dependency on others, the ability to regulate emotions and improved interpersonal functioning can make life smoother. Helping a child better understand his or her strengths, and how to more effectively draw on them, can assist the child, and family members, in adjusting to life with illness. I believe that finding individual solutions and discovering new strengths in therapy can be fun and imaginative.
(510) 527-6800 View (510) 527-6800
Photo of Lori Goldman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lori Goldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am direct, genuine and collaborative, and bring a natural curiosity and empathy to my work with clients. I use a relational depth-oriented therapeutic approach with a focus on present moment bodily and emotional experience to help my clients work through hard places, release emotional blocks and feel more creative and free in their lives.
I am direct, genuine and collaborative, and bring a natural curiosity and empathy to my work with clients. I use a relational depth-oriented therapeutic approach with a focus on present moment bodily and emotional experience to help my clients work through hard places, release emotional blocks and feel more creative and free in their lives.
(510) 901-4487 View (510) 901-4487
Photo of Heidi Berrin Shonkoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Heidi Berrin Shonkoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I bring to my private practice 36 years of experience and training in couple dynamics, attachment, sexuality and family systems. When couples first contact me, they have often been struggling with strained, stuck and reactive relationship patterns for a long time. They have hurt one another by attempting various ineffective solutions such as fighting-to-win, resentful compliance, disengagement, dulled sexual desire, infidelities, freezing in hopelessness. These are all an attempt to manage the anxiety and discomfort often inherent in long-term relationship challenges. Naturally, there is discouragement and worry.
I bring to my private practice 36 years of experience and training in couple dynamics, attachment, sexuality and family systems. When couples first contact me, they have often been struggling with strained, stuck and reactive relationship patterns for a long time. They have hurt one another by attempting various ineffective solutions such as fighting-to-win, resentful compliance, disengagement, dulled sexual desire, infidelities, freezing in hopelessness. These are all an attempt to manage the anxiety and discomfort often inherent in long-term relationship challenges. Naturally, there is discouragement and worry.
(510) 863-8744 View (510) 863-8744
Photo of Jane Reynolds, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jane Reynolds
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a psychologist and a certified Jungian analyst. I have been in private practice since 1979, initially as an MFT, then as a psychologist starting in 1989. I became certified as a Jungian analyst in 2010 after seven years of training at the C.G. Jung Institute in San Francisco. It is my privilege to work with many different people, those coping with uncertainties and ambiguities of life transitions, those who suffer a range of painful symptoms such as anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, trauma, divorce, identity issues, spiritual crisis. I value depth, difference and relationship.
I am a psychologist and a certified Jungian analyst. I have been in private practice since 1979, initially as an MFT, then as a psychologist starting in 1989. I became certified as a Jungian analyst in 2010 after seven years of training at the C.G. Jung Institute in San Francisco. It is my privilege to work with many different people, those coping with uncertainties and ambiguities of life transitions, those who suffer a range of painful symptoms such as anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, trauma, divorce, identity issues, spiritual crisis. I value depth, difference and relationship.
(510) 343-5397 View (510) 343-5397

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.