Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

Photo of Chelsea Garcia, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Chelsea Garcia
Resident in Counseling, MS, LPC-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22402
I believe the counseling relationship should be traveled along side by side through the various stages of your mental health journey. I believe fully in human potential and allowing each person to have an autonomous role in therapy. I provide an empathic safe place built on non-judgmental and client-centered approach. Here is where we can explore your feelings together and process through the various challenges that may arise. I focus on client-centered approach while also utilizing treatment techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Therapy.
I believe the counseling relationship should be traveled along side by side through the various stages of your mental health journey. I believe fully in human potential and allowing each person to have an autonomous role in therapy. I provide an empathic safe place built on non-judgmental and client-centered approach. Here is where we can explore your feelings together and process through the various challenges that may arise. I focus on client-centered approach while also utilizing treatment techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Therapy.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Arien Conner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Arien Conner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
From the outside, you may look like you have your stuff together. But behind the mask you wear for others, you feel lost and filled with self-doubt. You're starting to worry all the time and feel overwhelmed. You don’t understand why you keep making the same bad decisions, ending up in the same crappy situations. You question if you are enough and what you're doing wrong. Feeling crappy, self-doubt, imposter syndrome, chronic people-pleasing, worried all the time, dealing with a breakup? I help women to make sense of the overwhelm & find relief.
From the outside, you may look like you have your stuff together. But behind the mask you wear for others, you feel lost and filled with self-doubt. You're starting to worry all the time and feel overwhelmed. You don’t understand why you keep making the same bad decisions, ending up in the same crappy situations. You question if you are enough and what you're doing wrong. Feeling crappy, self-doubt, imposter syndrome, chronic people-pleasing, worried all the time, dealing with a breakup? I help women to make sense of the overwhelm & find relief.
(540) 215-7300 View (540) 215-7300
We Pay Attention, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
We have been inspiring and challenging each other as therapists for over 25 years, a special relationship that makes both of us uniquely qualified to help you prevail and move you forward no matter what your age or issues. You will learn how to work through your problems, distressing situations, and disrupting emotions, as you draw upon your strengths and nurture your abilities to grow, resolve, expand and transform. We are on your side. The voice you hear when you call is not office staff, but either of us. It's the sound of hope and the promise of solutions.
We have been inspiring and challenging each other as therapists for over 25 years, a special relationship that makes both of us uniquely qualified to help you prevail and move you forward no matter what your age or issues. You will learn how to work through your problems, distressing situations, and disrupting emotions, as you draw upon your strengths and nurture your abilities to grow, resolve, expand and transform. We are on your side. The voice you hear when you call is not office staff, but either of us. It's the sound of hope and the promise of solutions.
(540) 268-0695 View (540) 268-0695
Photo of Amani McCoy, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Amani McCoy
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
If you have ever wondered about your next step or how to move on from the past, I'm here to help. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leading some of us to feel as though we are moving not forward, but in circles. If your goals are to better yourself and become a more self-actualized person, then you’ve taken a courageous first step by considering therapy.
If you have ever wondered about your next step or how to move on from the past, I'm here to help. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leading some of us to feel as though we are moving not forward, but in circles. If your goals are to better yourself and become a more self-actualized person, then you’ve taken a courageous first step by considering therapy.
(540) 296-2852 View (540) 296-2852
Photo of Heather Ulstad, LPC Intern in Fredericksburg, VA
Heather Ulstad
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Having worked as a first responder, I understand the complexities of operating in both the responder role and as your individual self. Sometimes the lines between them blur, or tension arises between duty to your job and duty to your loved ones. If you're looking to address these conflicts, let's dig into them together. Military members and responders operate in unique occupational cultures that have their own systems, values and norms. If you're looking for a counselor that understands these systems and the unique stressors they present, I would honor the opportunity to work with you. Our goal is to get you back to "all clear".
Having worked as a first responder, I understand the complexities of operating in both the responder role and as your individual self. Sometimes the lines between them blur, or tension arises between duty to your job and duty to your loved ones. If you're looking to address these conflicts, let's dig into them together. Military members and responders operate in unique occupational cultures that have their own systems, values and norms. If you're looking for a counselor that understands these systems and the unique stressors they present, I would honor the opportunity to work with you. Our goal is to get you back to "all clear".
(540) 802-5778 View (540) 802-5778
Photo of Dianna H Hart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Dianna H Hart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BCN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
As a psychotherapist and provider of neurofeedback services, I am committed to helping children, teens, and adults fulfill their potential and break free from limitations created by stress and difficult life experiences or by developmental and physical challenges. I specialize in providing neurofeedback services, a cutting edge intervention for stress management and relaxation as well as many symptoms of ADHD, high functioning autism, PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), OCD, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and many other conditions. I also practice cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), strength-based solution-focused therapy, mindfulness, and other specialized interventions appropriate for unique needs and circumstances.
As a psychotherapist and provider of neurofeedback services, I am committed to helping children, teens, and adults fulfill their potential and break free from limitations created by stress and difficult life experiences or by developmental and physical challenges. I specialize in providing neurofeedback services, a cutting edge intervention for stress management and relaxation as well as many symptoms of ADHD, high functioning autism, PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), OCD, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and many other conditions. I also practice cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), strength-based solution-focused therapy, mindfulness, and other specialized interventions appropriate for unique needs and circumstances.
(540) 253-1445 x112 View (540) 253-1445 x112
Photo of Romanayah Opincar-Hughes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fredericksburg, VA
Romanayah Opincar-Hughes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
It takes courage to show up, to share yourself and be truly seen. It takes courage to heal and work through the obstacles in our lives. While taking the first step may open a floodgate of uncertainty, it is my intention to provide trust through transparency and an acceptance-based approach. Clear communication with established expectations removes the guess work and allows us to focus on our therapeutic relationship, which is built on trust, teamwork, and honesty.
It takes courage to show up, to share yourself and be truly seen. It takes courage to heal and work through the obstacles in our lives. While taking the first step may open a floodgate of uncertainty, it is my intention to provide trust through transparency and an acceptance-based approach. Clear communication with established expectations removes the guess work and allows us to focus on our therapeutic relationship, which is built on trust, teamwork, and honesty.
(540) 328-9929 View (540) 328-9929
Photo of Kaitlin Witmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Kaitlin Witmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22402
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and/or behavioral deficits. I enjoy offering a safe place for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, and to provide support as people work towards their own therapeutic goals.
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and/or behavioral deficits. I enjoy offering a safe place for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, and to provide support as people work towards their own therapeutic goals.
(540) 300-4921 View (540) 300-4921
Photo of Gabriele Neumaier-Farnsworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Gabriele Neumaier-Farnsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22405  (Online Only)
Gabriele Farnsworth is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Virginia. Her office is located in Fredericksburg, not far from Mary Washington University. She provides psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families.
Gabriele Farnsworth is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Virginia. Her office is located in Fredericksburg, not far from Mary Washington University. She provides psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families.
(540) 226-5586 View (540) 226-5586
Photo of Christin Guretsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Christin Guretsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
(804) 375-4981 View (804) 375-4981
Photo of Christine Wheeler-Case Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Christine Wheeler-Case Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Christine has experience in providing services for children suffering from abuse and neglect and other traumatic stressors. She has experience in working with children that have been adopted as well as those in foster care. Christine also has had a range of experience in working with various diagnoses and behavioral issues to include mood disorders, anxiety, ADHD, autism, attachment issues, and PTSD to name a few. Other interests include the use of digital play therapy and gameplay within sessions.
Christine has experience in providing services for children suffering from abuse and neglect and other traumatic stressors. She has experience in working with children that have been adopted as well as those in foster care. Christine also has had a range of experience in working with various diagnoses and behavioral issues to include mood disorders, anxiety, ADHD, autism, attachment issues, and PTSD to name a few. Other interests include the use of digital play therapy and gameplay within sessions.
(540) 215-7378 x1 View (540) 215-7378 x1
Photo of Lisa Fleming, LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Lisa Fleming, LPC, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
My goal is to provide a warm and accepting environment for individuals to explore feelings and life experiences that may allow for personal reflection and growth. We all may experience a feeling of being "stuck" at some point in our lives and may be unsure of how to move forward. I believe the path forward is discovered through personal reflection and self-exploration. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults utilizing a strength based approach. I work with individuals that may be experiencing mood disorder/depression, anxiety, adjustment to life changes, grief/loss, and a variety of other presenting issues.
My goal is to provide a warm and accepting environment for individuals to explore feelings and life experiences that may allow for personal reflection and growth. We all may experience a feeling of being "stuck" at some point in our lives and may be unsure of how to move forward. I believe the path forward is discovered through personal reflection and self-exploration. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults utilizing a strength based approach. I work with individuals that may be experiencing mood disorder/depression, anxiety, adjustment to life changes, grief/loss, and a variety of other presenting issues.
(540) 266-1371 View (540) 266-1371
Photo of Melissa Torres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Melissa Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
You deserve to live a life that is balanced, fulfilling & meaningful. With the stressors & pressures of our society, it can be difficult to navigate your life’s roadmap. Therapy gives you the tools to learn from your past, be mindful in the present & pave the way for a brighter future. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, or other issues that interfere with your personal well-being, psychotherapy can help you access your innate ability to heal & thrive.
You deserve to live a life that is balanced, fulfilling & meaningful. With the stressors & pressures of our society, it can be difficult to navigate your life’s roadmap. Therapy gives you the tools to learn from your past, be mindful in the present & pave the way for a brighter future. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, or other issues that interfere with your personal well-being, psychotherapy can help you access your innate ability to heal & thrive.
(540) 900-3522 View (540) 900-3522
Photo of Catherine Grace Brackett, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Catherine Grace Brackett
Resident in Counseling, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
In practice, I rely heavily on the notion that learning and growth cannot occur without safety and connection. I focus on building honest relationships with clients and have worked with children and adolescents as an educator and childcare provider for over fifteen years. I have extensive international experience with youth advocacy and support programs and have worked closely LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC adolescents and their caregivers and families. I aim to continue to understand the unique challenges faced by these communities and have a passion for multicultural counseling.
In practice, I rely heavily on the notion that learning and growth cannot occur without safety and connection. I focus on building honest relationships with clients and have worked with children and adolescents as an educator and childcare provider for over fifteen years. I have extensive international experience with youth advocacy and support programs and have worked closely LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC adolescents and their caregivers and families. I aim to continue to understand the unique challenges faced by these communities and have a passion for multicultural counseling.
(540) 306-5389 View (540) 306-5389
Photo of Alison Sullivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Alison Sullivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Are you feeling stuck in your life? Are you struggling to figure out how to get on the path to what you really want deep down in your heart? If so, I can help! I have over fifteen years experience working with people who are undergoing significant life changes, people who feel "stuck" and want to regain their zest for life. I also specialize in helping people resolve grief, loss or trauma.
Are you feeling stuck in your life? Are you struggling to figure out how to get on the path to what you really want deep down in your heart? If so, I can help! I have over fifteen years experience working with people who are undergoing significant life changes, people who feel "stuck" and want to regain their zest for life. I also specialize in helping people resolve grief, loss or trauma.
(540) 242-1627 View (540) 242-1627
Photo of Kellie McCall, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Kellie McCall
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life is an ever-evolving cycle; the difficulties encountered can seem overwhelming. Whether you are facing marital challenges, infidelity, or personal emotional struggles, it’s okay to seek support. Therapy is not just a remedy but a pathway to greater peace, stability, and understanding in life. Emotions like anxiety, frustration, anger, and sadness are natural; I offer a nurturing approach to help you navigate these and strengthen your relationships. I tailor my therapeutic methods to align with your unique needs with a comprehensive, holistic strategy that considers every facet of your life, ensuring the most beneficial support.
Life is an ever-evolving cycle; the difficulties encountered can seem overwhelming. Whether you are facing marital challenges, infidelity, or personal emotional struggles, it’s okay to seek support. Therapy is not just a remedy but a pathway to greater peace, stability, and understanding in life. Emotions like anxiety, frustration, anger, and sadness are natural; I offer a nurturing approach to help you navigate these and strengthen your relationships. I tailor my therapeutic methods to align with your unique needs with a comprehensive, holistic strategy that considers every facet of your life, ensuring the most beneficial support.
(540) 253-1038 View (540) 253-1038
Photo of David S Belles, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
David S Belles
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Life has a way of presenting experiences that can stress our emotions and mental well-being and throw us off balance. Taking those first steps towards therapy exhibit a strength within that should be commended. I can offer you a therapeutic experience that builds on trust, humor, and genuine care.
Life has a way of presenting experiences that can stress our emotions and mental well-being and throw us off balance. Taking those first steps towards therapy exhibit a strength within that should be commended. I can offer you a therapeutic experience that builds on trust, humor, and genuine care.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Dianne Bachman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Dianne Bachman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
As a psychotherapist, I believe that each of us holds the capacity to utilize our personal creativity to resolve life's challenges. I seek to assist the folks I work with to find their strengths. I utilize a number of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, Interactive Guided Imagery, Ericksonian Hypnosis, and elements of Internal Family Systems and psychological astrology. Upon the initial therapy session, we will work together to determine the most beneficial modality for you, your family, or your child. In addition, I may suggest expressive arts as a vehicle to create life changes.
As a psychotherapist, I believe that each of us holds the capacity to utilize our personal creativity to resolve life's challenges. I seek to assist the folks I work with to find their strengths. I utilize a number of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, Interactive Guided Imagery, Ericksonian Hypnosis, and elements of Internal Family Systems and psychological astrology. Upon the initial therapy session, we will work together to determine the most beneficial modality for you, your family, or your child. In addition, I may suggest expressive arts as a vehicle to create life changes.
(540) 302-5806 View (540) 302-5806
Photo of Dr. Bridgette Y. Williams, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Dr. Bridgette Y. Williams
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, CSAC, MAC-NCC, DOT, SAP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
I believe that every person has the ability to break through barriers that we are faced with in life, but sometimes we may need some assistance, and this is when I come in. I enjoy helping people navigate change, promote growth, healing and restore hope. I take an active role in helping you to clarify your issues and identify an effective solution that fits your personal need. When I work with clients, I employ evidenced-based treatment including cognitive-behavioral therapy, crisis-intervention, bereavement counseling, Solution-Focused Brief therapy and spiritual counseling.
I believe that every person has the ability to break through barriers that we are faced with in life, but sometimes we may need some assistance, and this is when I come in. I enjoy helping people navigate change, promote growth, healing and restore hope. I take an active role in helping you to clarify your issues and identify an effective solution that fits your personal need. When I work with clients, I employ evidenced-based treatment including cognitive-behavioral therapy, crisis-intervention, bereavement counseling, Solution-Focused Brief therapy and spiritual counseling.
(540) 328-9615 View (540) 328-9615
Photo of Courage Health & Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Courage Health & Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Waitlist for new clients
I help people overcome fear and sadness so they can have time for what matters most. I have found the most effective strategic tools which prove that change does not have to take years. With the right tools, any of us can make the change we desire. I teach you how to use tools from these proven treatment strategies so that you can spend time focusing on what matters to you. I work with all ages in additional areas of post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, low self-esteem, parenting, career transition, and life stressors.
I help people overcome fear and sadness so they can have time for what matters most. I have found the most effective strategic tools which prove that change does not have to take years. With the right tools, any of us can make the change we desire. I teach you how to use tools from these proven treatment strategies so that you can spend time focusing on what matters to you. I work with all ages in additional areas of post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, low self-esteem, parenting, career transition, and life stressors.
(540) 358-8677 View (540) 358-8677

See more therapy options for Fredericksburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
72% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Anthem | Elevance
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fredericksburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.