Therapists in New Orleans, LA

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Photo of Stacy Lewis-Goins in New Orleans, LA
Stacy Lewis-Goins
MS, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70130
Do others think you have it all together? But you don’t feel that way? Are you struggling trying to keep it all together? If you are reading this, congratulations! I know it takes a lot of courage to consider counseling…to choose you. You have taken the first step to reauthoring your story. Hi, I’m Stacy, a PLPC with a lifelong passion for helping individuals as they become the best version of themselves. My goal is to collaborate with you on your journey in a compassionate partnership to help you achieve your goals through encouragement and empowerment as you edit and rewrite your narrative.
Do others think you have it all together? But you don’t feel that way? Are you struggling trying to keep it all together? If you are reading this, congratulations! I know it takes a lot of courage to consider counseling…to choose you. You have taken the first step to reauthoring your story. Hi, I’m Stacy, a PLPC with a lifelong passion for helping individuals as they become the best version of themselves. My goal is to collaborate with you on your journey in a compassionate partnership to help you achieve your goals through encouragement and empowerment as you edit and rewrite your narrative.
(504) 226-6384 View (504) 226-6384
Photo of Zayd Sifri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Zayd Sifri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119
Thank you for looking at my profile. Therapy can help you to get relief from a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and sexual topics. The gains from this process can continue to be beneficial even after therapy has ended.
Thank you for looking at my profile. Therapy can help you to get relief from a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and sexual topics. The gains from this process can continue to be beneficial even after therapy has ended.
(504) 608-8528 View (504) 608-8528
Photo of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of New Orleans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of New Orleans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70115
Dr. Jill Boutté brings a unique set of qualifications to her work as a postdoctoral fellow at the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of New Orleans, where she specializes in working with young children from infancy to age six, as well as with school-aged and adolescents. She is especially knowledgeable helping train parents to gain the skills necessary to help their children thrive. Finally, Dr. Boutté has a keen eye for assessment, including expertise in testing for learning disorders, attention problems such as ADHD, and similar conditions.
Dr. Jill Boutté brings a unique set of qualifications to her work as a postdoctoral fellow at the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of New Orleans, where she specializes in working with young children from infancy to age six, as well as with school-aged and adolescents. She is especially knowledgeable helping train parents to gain the skills necessary to help their children thrive. Finally, Dr. Boutté has a keen eye for assessment, including expertise in testing for learning disorders, attention problems such as ADHD, and similar conditions.
(504) 788-1967 View (504) 788-1967
Photo of BACH Therapeutic Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
BACH Therapeutic Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70122  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed? Are you having feelings of nervousness and sadness related to how the world perceives you? Do you feel unheard, as if no one understands the issues you face or the traumas you endure? Living in a world that is sometimes unkind to those of us who make up marginalized populations can have long-lasting effects on one’s mental health and overall quality of life. If you have ever experienced any of these feelings, Ms. Alaiyia N. Williams, is the perfect fit for your therapy and counseling needs. She has been practicing as a licensed clinician for nearly 10 years in a variety of settings and in various states.
Feeling overwhelmed? Are you having feelings of nervousness and sadness related to how the world perceives you? Do you feel unheard, as if no one understands the issues you face or the traumas you endure? Living in a world that is sometimes unkind to those of us who make up marginalized populations can have long-lasting effects on one’s mental health and overall quality of life. If you have ever experienced any of these feelings, Ms. Alaiyia N. Williams, is the perfect fit for your therapy and counseling needs. She has been practicing as a licensed clinician for nearly 10 years in a variety of settings and in various states.
(504) 553-3997 View (504) 553-3997
Photo of Madison Farmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Madison Farmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70130
My style is compassionate, non-judgmental, and creative. I aim to collaborate with and help empower you to make positive changes based on the goals you set in therapy. Be prepared to take an active role by looking inward to reflect on what the present (and future) can look and feel like. As your therapist, I will assist you in this by promoting honesty, self-compassion, and self-acceptance in order for you to connect with your authentic self and come into your natural state of well-being.
My style is compassionate, non-judgmental, and creative. I aim to collaborate with and help empower you to make positive changes based on the goals you set in therapy. Be prepared to take an active role by looking inward to reflect on what the present (and future) can look and feel like. As your therapist, I will assist you in this by promoting honesty, self-compassion, and self-acceptance in order for you to connect with your authentic self and come into your natural state of well-being.
(504) 603-6316 View (504) 603-6316
Photo of Mia King, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Mia King
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70118
Reaching out for help can be hard. Many times we take two steps forward and fall back because it is familiar, comfortable, or maybe we don’t know what step to take next. Therapy can be used to explore options and scenarios, mull over decisions, or navigate and process conflicting feelings while being in a judgment-free environment. If you are struggling with family and/or peer relationships, life transitions, stress, depression, anxiety, or grief, we can work together to reach your desired lifestyle. I also have extensive experience with those who have loved ones struggle with substance use and mental health issues.
Reaching out for help can be hard. Many times we take two steps forward and fall back because it is familiar, comfortable, or maybe we don’t know what step to take next. Therapy can be used to explore options and scenarios, mull over decisions, or navigate and process conflicting feelings while being in a judgment-free environment. If you are struggling with family and/or peer relationships, life transitions, stress, depression, anxiety, or grief, we can work together to reach your desired lifestyle. I also have extensive experience with those who have loved ones struggle with substance use and mental health issues.
(504) 420-6225 View (504) 420-6225
Photo of Andrea Pierce, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Andrea Pierce
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70125
I am currently a Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor who gives my all to my clients. I have always desired to understand feelings, behavior and the human mind; which drives me to help my clients gain awareness of self. I have worked with mostly women and girls of different ages and backgrounds, but I will do the appropriate research to aid my clients
I am currently a Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor who gives my all to my clients. I have always desired to understand feelings, behavior and the human mind; which drives me to help my clients gain awareness of self. I have worked with mostly women and girls of different ages and backgrounds, but I will do the appropriate research to aid my clients
(504) 608-3038 View (504) 608-3038
Photo of Anna Autin, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Anna Autin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70124  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I approach counseling from a collaborative, goal-oriented perspective using a strength-based mindset. I believe it’s important to emphasize an individual’s strengths rather than issues because it can create a more creative, authentic, and empowering experience. I believe that therapy is not a one-size fits all and that it can be a learning process. By using a collaborative approach, we can work together as a team.
I approach counseling from a collaborative, goal-oriented perspective using a strength-based mindset. I believe it’s important to emphasize an individual’s strengths rather than issues because it can create a more creative, authentic, and empowering experience. I believe that therapy is not a one-size fits all and that it can be a learning process. By using a collaborative approach, we can work together as a team.
(504) 788-1527 View (504) 788-1527
Photo of Christine Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Christine Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MT-BC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70118
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling shame or guilt that you can't seem to shake? Struggling to figure out who you are after a lifetime of being told who you "should" be? Hi, I'm CJ and I'd love to work with you. I work with teens and adults who are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, identity exploration, and relationship concerns. I have particular interest in navigating complex trauma, including emotional abuse and neglect, religious trauma, and navigating neurotypical expectations as a neurodivergent person.
Are you feeling shame or guilt that you can't seem to shake? Struggling to figure out who you are after a lifetime of being told who you "should" be? Hi, I'm CJ and I'd love to work with you. I work with teens and adults who are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, identity exploration, and relationship concerns. I have particular interest in navigating complex trauma, including emotional abuse and neglect, religious trauma, and navigating neurotypical expectations as a neurodivergent person.
(504) 294-3645 View (504) 294-3645
Photo of Beth Christensen, Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Beth Christensen
Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70119
Not accepting new clients
Starting therapy can be scary. Sharing painful feelings and experiences with a stranger is pretty intimidating! My first job as a therapist is to provide a safe, supportive environment that leads to a trusting, respectful counselor-client relationship. That relationship goes both ways - I do my best to earn my clients' trust, and I deeply respect my courageous clients. When you take that first step toward healing through therapy, I absolutely believe you will be glad you did.
Starting therapy can be scary. Sharing painful feelings and experiences with a stranger is pretty intimidating! My first job as a therapist is to provide a safe, supportive environment that leads to a trusting, respectful counselor-client relationship. That relationship goes both ways - I do my best to earn my clients' trust, and I deeply respect my courageous clients. When you take that first step toward healing through therapy, I absolutely believe you will be glad you did.
(504) 327-2465 View (504) 327-2465
Photo of Well Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Well Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119
We are a growing team of trauma-informed therapists who approach psychotherapy as a collaborative, connected experience. Together, we work to make meaning of your experiences. We are skilled and passionate about supporting folks struggling with a variety of personal and relational situations, including: anxieties, depression, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, personality & mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociation, and interpersonal difficulties. Ultimately, we help you carve the paths to integrate brain, mind, body, and spirit in managing the effects of adverse life experiences as well as personal and collective traumas.
We are a growing team of trauma-informed therapists who approach psychotherapy as a collaborative, connected experience. Together, we work to make meaning of your experiences. We are skilled and passionate about supporting folks struggling with a variety of personal and relational situations, including: anxieties, depression, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, personality & mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociation, and interpersonal difficulties. Ultimately, we help you carve the paths to integrate brain, mind, body, and spirit in managing the effects of adverse life experiences as well as personal and collective traumas.
(504) 285-2626 View (504) 285-2626
Photo of James M. McGinn, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
James M. McGinn
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70119  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My varied work history has afforded me the opportunity to work with individuals and families facing a wide range of life challenges. I have the most experience in working with those suffering from anxiety and/or depressive disorders, coping with grief/loss, experiencing family conflict or interpersonal difficulties, or dealing with the lasting impact of traumatic experience. I primarily work with individuals but understand the role and importance of family and therefore include family members as necessary. I view my role as helping the individual to define existing problems, identify realistic goals, and actualize those goals.
My varied work history has afforded me the opportunity to work with individuals and families facing a wide range of life challenges. I have the most experience in working with those suffering from anxiety and/or depressive disorders, coping with grief/loss, experiencing family conflict or interpersonal difficulties, or dealing with the lasting impact of traumatic experience. I primarily work with individuals but understand the role and importance of family and therefore include family members as necessary. I view my role as helping the individual to define existing problems, identify realistic goals, and actualize those goals.
(504) 569-5319 View (504) 569-5319
Photo of Paige Utterback, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Paige Utterback
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70117  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Many of my clients come to me feeling stuck, angry, hopeless, and ready for change—which are all normal reactions to the near-constant uncertainty and injustice many are facing everyday. My clients want to experience healing and ease while also learning new ways to cope with societal pressures and generational patterns of behavior. I have treated a variety of mental struggles, from depression and anxiety to bipolar and borderline personality disorder. My goal is to work with you in whatever approach feels most relevant, helpful, and accessible to your needs and starting point.
Many of my clients come to me feeling stuck, angry, hopeless, and ready for change—which are all normal reactions to the near-constant uncertainty and injustice many are facing everyday. My clients want to experience healing and ease while also learning new ways to cope with societal pressures and generational patterns of behavior. I have treated a variety of mental struggles, from depression and anxiety to bipolar and borderline personality disorder. My goal is to work with you in whatever approach feels most relevant, helpful, and accessible to your needs and starting point.
(504) 420-3437 View (504) 420-3437
Photo of Nicole Rochat Holistic Healing in New Orleans, LA
Nicole Rochat Holistic Healing
LMSW, CHHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119
Do you believe in the power of the mind-body connection and your own innate ability to overcome your health and emotional challenges? Are you looking for balance in your moods, life, nutrition and total happiness? Want to optimize your complete health and wellness? It's uncommon these days to discuss mental health, nutrition and health with a trained professional. Sadly, the common approach to health and wellness is to medicate our ailments, not to create and sustain wellness. As a LMSW, a Certified Integrative Health Coach, and soon to be 200hr RYT, I can support you to achieve of ALL of your health goals.
Do you believe in the power of the mind-body connection and your own innate ability to overcome your health and emotional challenges? Are you looking for balance in your moods, life, nutrition and total happiness? Want to optimize your complete health and wellness? It's uncommon these days to discuss mental health, nutrition and health with a trained professional. Sadly, the common approach to health and wellness is to medicate our ailments, not to create and sustain wellness. As a LMSW, a Certified Integrative Health Coach, and soon to be 200hr RYT, I can support you to achieve of ALL of your health goals.
(504) 370-8695 View (504) 370-8695
Photo of Earline W Osborne, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Earline W Osborne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAC, MEd
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70127
Are you having a hard time moving on with your life due to high anxiety, depression, relationship or other issues? E. W. Osborne & Associates, LLC can help you to get out of the state of being stuck. We can help you to meet life's challenges one session at a time. Give us a call if you are ready to make a change for the better. We would love to hear from you.
Are you having a hard time moving on with your life due to high anxiety, depression, relationship or other issues? E. W. Osborne & Associates, LLC can help you to get out of the state of being stuck. We can help you to meet life's challenges one session at a time. Give us a call if you are ready to make a change for the better. We would love to hear from you.
(504) 315-1883 View (504) 315-1883
Photo of Good Work Therapy & Consulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Good Work Therapy & Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70118
Sometimes, life is like strolling down a one-of-a-kind path, packed with experiences and dreams that are all uniquely ours. It also is a road that can sometimes lead to burnout, self-doubt, and unique challenges. When it comes to therapy, it's clear that our journey to healing and self-discovery deserves a special touch. Our identities are complex and everyone deserves a therapist who not only understands mental health but also appreciates the specific needs that come with the uniqueness of our existence.
Sometimes, life is like strolling down a one-of-a-kind path, packed with experiences and dreams that are all uniquely ours. It also is a road that can sometimes lead to burnout, self-doubt, and unique challenges. When it comes to therapy, it's clear that our journey to healing and self-discovery deserves a special touch. Our identities are complex and everyone deserves a therapist who not only understands mental health but also appreciates the specific needs that come with the uniqueness of our existence.
(504) 608-1629 View (504) 608-1629
Photo of Ciarra Waters-Mullen, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Ciarra Waters-Mullen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70119  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed professional counselor in Louisiana with over 5 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress, anxiety, mood disturbances, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, building confidence, depression, relationship issues, and improving sport performance. I also have experience working with concentration, memory and focus (ADHD).
I am a licensed professional counselor in Louisiana with over 5 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress, anxiety, mood disturbances, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, building confidence, depression, relationship issues, and improving sport performance. I also have experience working with concentration, memory and focus (ADHD).
(504) 414-7974 View (504) 414-7974
Photo of Shaina Spector, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Shaina Spector
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70130
*Currently accepting new clients and all appointments will be done via telehealth.* It is possible to have a more peaceful, meaningful life. Together, we can work through your stress, trauma, fears, low self-esteem, and/or relationship challenges. I work with individual adults and older adolescents who want to get more out of their life, their relationships, and/or their work. I approach my work with passion, empathy, and a respect. I excel with clients who are going through transitions or rethinking their path (moving, starting college, graduate school, new career/unfulfilling work, break ups, new parents, and more).
*Currently accepting new clients and all appointments will be done via telehealth.* It is possible to have a more peaceful, meaningful life. Together, we can work through your stress, trauma, fears, low self-esteem, and/or relationship challenges. I work with individual adults and older adolescents who want to get more out of their life, their relationships, and/or their work. I approach my work with passion, empathy, and a respect. I excel with clients who are going through transitions or rethinking their path (moving, starting college, graduate school, new career/unfulfilling work, break ups, new parents, and more).
(985) 243-1657 View (985) 243-1657
Photo of Kenya Offray in New Orleans, LA
Kenya Offray
PLPC, MA, MEd, EdS, NCE
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70150
Not accepting new clients
I am a: Public School Social Worker-Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor- Louisiana State Certified School Counselor - Louisiana State Certified Early Intervention Specialist -Louisiana State Teacher Certification. I am here to help with your mental health needs.
I am a: Public School Social Worker-Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor- Louisiana State Certified School Counselor - Louisiana State Certified Early Intervention Specialist -Louisiana State Teacher Certification. I am here to help with your mental health needs.
(504) 414-6589 View (504) 414-6589
Photo of Rebecca Baas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Rebecca Baas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70119
Hello and congratulations on having the self care and courage to consider counseling. I use a holistic approach, believing that wellness of the mind, body, and spirit are equally important. Using this approach, I work with clients with a variety of goals and needs. I can help you address relationship issues, family of origin issues, trauma, grief, and personal growth, while incorporating the use of mind body skills (such as breathing, meditation, guided imagery, etc.) when appropriate. My practice includes work with individuals, couples, and groups.
Hello and congratulations on having the self care and courage to consider counseling. I use a holistic approach, believing that wellness of the mind, body, and spirit are equally important. Using this approach, I work with clients with a variety of goals and needs. I can help you address relationship issues, family of origin issues, trauma, grief, and personal growth, while incorporating the use of mind body skills (such as breathing, meditation, guided imagery, etc.) when appropriate. My practice includes work with individuals, couples, and groups.
(985) 250-0472 View (985) 250-0472

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New Orleans, LA

900+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in New Orleans, LA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Aetna

How Therapists in New Orleans, LA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New Orleans?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.