Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Jonathan Yussman, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Jonathan Yussman
Counselor, LPCA, LCADCA, NCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40299
I strive to provide the highest possible quality mental health care services at affordable rates. I use an eclectic, strength-based approach when working with clients. I take the time to get to know clients very well, and then choose the best approach from therapies such as client-centered, cognitive behavioral, and reality therapy. I believe the relationship between the therapist and client is one of the most important elements in therapy.
I strive to provide the highest possible quality mental health care services at affordable rates. I use an eclectic, strength-based approach when working with clients. I take the time to get to know clients very well, and then choose the best approach from therapies such as client-centered, cognitive behavioral, and reality therapy. I believe the relationship between the therapist and client is one of the most important elements in therapy.
(502) 677-3601 View (502) 677-3601
Photo of Karen Chapman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Karen Chapman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Waitlist for new clients
Have you experienced a life-changing event? Is it a struggle to integrate it in your life? I have a passion for and am trained to help process significant life events and loss/grief surrounding your experience. Such events often change you and the way you see/interact with the world and a strength of mine it to help folks explore those changes and their impact. I am committed to honesty and positive intention. I enjoy working with people diverse in identity. I am currently enjoying and finding success working with many Gen Z (18+), millennial and Gen X populations with a lot of experience in across the LGBTQIA+ spectrum.
Have you experienced a life-changing event? Is it a struggle to integrate it in your life? I have a passion for and am trained to help process significant life events and loss/grief surrounding your experience. Such events often change you and the way you see/interact with the world and a strength of mine it to help folks explore those changes and their impact. I am committed to honesty and positive intention. I enjoy working with people diverse in identity. I am currently enjoying and finding success working with many Gen Z (18+), millennial and Gen X populations with a lot of experience in across the LGBTQIA+ spectrum.
(502) 305-3450 View (502) 305-3450
Photo of Cassandra Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Cassandra Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40291
Not accepting new clients
Everyone experiences ups and downs. Forming a therapeutic partnership can help you sort out hardships and receive the support needed to accomplish your goals.
Everyone experiences ups and downs. Forming a therapeutic partnership can help you sort out hardships and receive the support needed to accomplish your goals.
(502) 206-1660 View (502) 206-1660
Photo of Gail Bibb, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Gail Bibb
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243
Do you feel like the same scene is playing out in your life over and over again, but an inability to change the script? Do you feel powerless in managing confusing and intense feelings and difficulty in understanding why you feel this way? ARE YOU STRUGGLING IN RELATIONSHIPS? I am a psychotherapist specializing in Holistic trauma-focused treatments for adults, and couples. I believe that most people who walk into the therapist's office have difficulties that are rooted in trauma. Most traumatic experiences happen in the context of a relationship and can also be healed in the context of a safe therapeutic relationship.
Do you feel like the same scene is playing out in your life over and over again, but an inability to change the script? Do you feel powerless in managing confusing and intense feelings and difficulty in understanding why you feel this way? ARE YOU STRUGGLING IN RELATIONSHIPS? I am a psychotherapist specializing in Holistic trauma-focused treatments for adults, and couples. I believe that most people who walk into the therapist's office have difficulties that are rooted in trauma. Most traumatic experiences happen in the context of a relationship and can also be healed in the context of a safe therapeutic relationship.
(502) 829-7479 View (502) 829-7479
Photo of Spivak Counseling Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Spivak Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40220  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Louisville, Kentucky with over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health offering weekend and evening telehealth services to teens and adults as they manage issues related to stress, relationships, anxiety, and depression. My unique schedule offers the ability for those I serve to find the support and guidance they need outside of traditional business hours, thus allowing them to pursue self-care without jeopardizing other work and/or school commitments. "For what it's worth...it's never too late, or in my case too early, to be whoever you want to be." - F. Scott Fitzgerald.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Louisville, Kentucky with over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health offering weekend and evening telehealth services to teens and adults as they manage issues related to stress, relationships, anxiety, and depression. My unique schedule offers the ability for those I serve to find the support and guidance they need outside of traditional business hours, thus allowing them to pursue self-care without jeopardizing other work and/or school commitments. "For what it's worth...it's never too late, or in my case too early, to be whoever you want to be." - F. Scott Fitzgerald.
(502) 466-7899 View (502) 466-7899
Photo of Lisa Kimbrell, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Louisville, KY
Lisa Kimbrell
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206  (Online Only)
Are you tired of shallowness and games? Do you want someone to just be real with you? Do you feel alone or like you’re the only person who doesn’t have the answers? I've been there too. I know how to help YOU find YOUR answers, and I can help YOU discover YOUR strength to get through the hard times. It’s already in YOU. Whether you're a woman who wears 10,000 stressful hats a day, a struggling couple, someone just trying to find themself, or parents trying to cope with the reality of rearing kids in this crazy world, reach out. Let's work together to find your solutions and reclaim your peace.
Are you tired of shallowness and games? Do you want someone to just be real with you? Do you feel alone or like you’re the only person who doesn’t have the answers? I've been there too. I know how to help YOU find YOUR answers, and I can help YOU discover YOUR strength to get through the hard times. It’s already in YOU. Whether you're a woman who wears 10,000 stressful hats a day, a struggling couple, someone just trying to find themself, or parents trying to cope with the reality of rearing kids in this crazy world, reach out. Let's work together to find your solutions and reclaim your peace.
(502) 289-9150 View (502) 289-9150
Photo of Jodi Goodin, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Jodi Goodin
Psychologist, LCSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40241
Jodi Goodin is a licensed psychologist who received her bachelor's degree from Centre College, her master's degree from Xavier University and her doctoral degree from Georgia School of Professional Psychology, with a focus on clinical work with children and adolescents. She has worked in multiple roles across outpatient, inpatient, residential, community-based and school settings over the past 20 years, with therapy services provided to children, adolescents and adults in individual, group and couples formats. Dr. Goodin uses cognitive behavioral (CBT), client-centered and solution-focused approaches in her work.
Jodi Goodin is a licensed psychologist who received her bachelor's degree from Centre College, her master's degree from Xavier University and her doctoral degree from Georgia School of Professional Psychology, with a focus on clinical work with children and adolescents. She has worked in multiple roles across outpatient, inpatient, residential, community-based and school settings over the past 20 years, with therapy services provided to children, adolescents and adults in individual, group and couples formats. Dr. Goodin uses cognitive behavioral (CBT), client-centered and solution-focused approaches in her work.
(502) 842-5290 View (502) 842-5290
Photo of Total Restoration Group, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Total Restoration Group, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, L, M, F, T
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Client center and treatment focused! Always working in the client's best interest.
Client center and treatment focused! Always working in the client's best interest.
(502) 443-9215 View (502) 443-9215
Photo of Tamika January, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Tamika January
Counselor, LPCA, NCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate with a passion for helping individuals and families heal from past experiences, develop healthy communication patterns, establish boundaries, and operate within a safe, loving dynamic. I am a certified trauma-informed care provider. I believe your ability to grow lies within you. I look forward to working with you. Contact me to begin your healing journey today. Immediate openings for new clients.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate with a passion for helping individuals and families heal from past experiences, develop healthy communication patterns, establish boundaries, and operate within a safe, loving dynamic. I am a certified trauma-informed care provider. I believe your ability to grow lies within you. I look forward to working with you. Contact me to begin your healing journey today. Immediate openings for new clients.
(502) 680-8892 View (502) 680-8892
Photo of Live Proud LGBT Mental Health Svcs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Live Proud LGBT Mental Health Svcs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Are you a gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender person trying to find someone who understands your unique struggles and needs ? Have you struggled to communicate and develop the loving relationship you so strongly desire? Do loneliness, anger, and fear disrupt your closeness with others? I can help. I offer practical and personal guidance in finding the solutions you need to live free and love proud. Being a LGBT person and/or couple is often challenging- but it can ultimately be an exciting and rewarding life with the support and guidance you need.
Are you a gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender person trying to find someone who understands your unique struggles and needs ? Have you struggled to communicate and develop the loving relationship you so strongly desire? Do loneliness, anger, and fear disrupt your closeness with others? I can help. I offer practical and personal guidance in finding the solutions you need to live free and love proud. Being a LGBT person and/or couple is often challenging- but it can ultimately be an exciting and rewarding life with the support and guidance you need.
(502) 494-6631 View (502) 494-6631
Photo of Traci Simmons, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Traci Simmons
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, BS, MAMFT, MDiv
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating life with all of its twists and turns can be very overwhelming. It can be difficult to figure out which pathway to choose towards stability, understanding and comfortability. I believe we can find our way by connecting our emotions, thoughts and feelings to our reality. I am passionate about slowing down our thoughts, engaging our emotions and finding connection points along the way.
Navigating life with all of its twists and turns can be very overwhelming. It can be difficult to figure out which pathway to choose towards stability, understanding and comfortability. I believe we can find our way by connecting our emotions, thoughts and feelings to our reality. I am passionate about slowing down our thoughts, engaging our emotions and finding connection points along the way.
(502) 373-6942 View (502) 373-6942
Photo of Dr. Karen McCurry, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Karen McCurry
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Is adoption part of your family story? Do you have a child or teenager who is struggling with attachment issues or has a history of trauma? Are you a parent looking for help for your child or teen who struggles with emotional difficulties or has behavior problems? Do you and your teen have conflict related to technology. Dr. Karen can help. Dr. Karen specializes in the treatment of children, teens, women, and families. She has particular expertise in adult and child attachment, parenting, women's issues, relational trauma, pre and post adoption services, and international consultation with orphan care communities.
Is adoption part of your family story? Do you have a child or teenager who is struggling with attachment issues or has a history of trauma? Are you a parent looking for help for your child or teen who struggles with emotional difficulties or has behavior problems? Do you and your teen have conflict related to technology. Dr. Karen can help. Dr. Karen specializes in the treatment of children, teens, women, and families. She has particular expertise in adult and child attachment, parenting, women's issues, relational trauma, pre and post adoption services, and international consultation with orphan care communities.
(502) 350-9042 View (502) 350-9042
Photo of Drew Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Louisville, KY
Drew Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40223
Clients who seek my guidance often yearn for liberation from the burdens of anxiety, stress, depression, or interpersonal strife. Their aspiration extends beyond symptom relief; they desire insight into the underlying causes. Many discover that their surface behaviors merely scratch the surface of their issues and are on a quest for genuine transformation and healing.
Clients who seek my guidance often yearn for liberation from the burdens of anxiety, stress, depression, or interpersonal strife. Their aspiration extends beyond symptom relief; they desire insight into the underlying causes. Many discover that their surface behaviors merely scratch the surface of their issues and are on a quest for genuine transformation and healing.
(502) 281-0871 View (502) 281-0871
Photo of Nina Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Nina Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40203  (Online Only)
In life, we are often looking to make changes, but we struggle to take the first step. Taking that first step can be difficult. Are you tired of being depressed ,hopeless and anxious? “Do you feel stuck?” We can go through life’s journey together and I can help. You don’t have to do it alone, this is where I can help by doing therapy with you and helping you. Therapy can be the first step to help you learn and develop new ways of viewing life with understanding, purpose, and meaning.
In life, we are often looking to make changes, but we struggle to take the first step. Taking that first step can be difficult. Are you tired of being depressed ,hopeless and anxious? “Do you feel stuck?” We can go through life’s journey together and I can help. You don’t have to do it alone, this is where I can help by doing therapy with you and helping you. Therapy can be the first step to help you learn and develop new ways of viewing life with understanding, purpose, and meaning.
(502) 206-1543 View (502) 206-1543
Photo of Raven McCall, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Louisville, KY
Raven McCall
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, BSN, TCADC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40208
My ideal client is committed to personal growth and self-improvement. They may struggle with anxiety or stress management and seek strategies to cope more effectively. Their goal is to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life while maintaining healthy relationships and professional success. They want to develop resilience, improve communication skills, and enhance their emotional intelligence to navigate life's challenges with greater ease and confidence. Their motivation is driven by a desire for personal satisfaction and a better quality of life.
My ideal client is committed to personal growth and self-improvement. They may struggle with anxiety or stress management and seek strategies to cope more effectively. Their goal is to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life while maintaining healthy relationships and professional success. They want to develop resilience, improve communication skills, and enhance their emotional intelligence to navigate life's challenges with greater ease and confidence. Their motivation is driven by a desire for personal satisfaction and a better quality of life.
(502) 503-5411 View (502) 503-5411
Photo of Dr. Ieisha Beasley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Ieisha Beasley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40202  (Online Only)
Hello, Im Dr. Bea! I have proudly served my community as a psychotherapist since 2013. In 2018, I started a private practice to offer those in need of support a treatment approach that allows for flexibility with scheduling and frequency of sessions, creativity, openness, a wholistic approach and shared decision making. I work with adults who desire a safe space to process their thoughts and feelings and implement viable steps to achieve goals, mind body and spirit. Working together means that I will champion with you and for you to address concerns and challenges in order cultivate a life that is pleasing to you.
Hello, Im Dr. Bea! I have proudly served my community as a psychotherapist since 2013. In 2018, I started a private practice to offer those in need of support a treatment approach that allows for flexibility with scheduling and frequency of sessions, creativity, openness, a wholistic approach and shared decision making. I work with adults who desire a safe space to process their thoughts and feelings and implement viable steps to achieve goals, mind body and spirit. Working together means that I will champion with you and for you to address concerns and challenges in order cultivate a life that is pleasing to you.
(502) 717-1695 View (502) 717-1695
Photo of Phoenix Fowler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Phoenix Fowler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Phoenix Fowler, LCSW, graduated from the University of Louisville where she received her Master’s of Science in Social Work. Before completing her Masters, Phoenix attended Bellarmine University where she double majored in Art and Psychology. Phoenix has experience working with children in various settings including hospitals, refugee and immigrant resettlement agencies, and in the public school system. Phoenix’s approach to therapy can be described as creative, playful, and supportive. Phoenix completed her 200 hour yoga teacher training in 2022 and now utilizes yoga, breathwork and mindfulness in her sessions.
Phoenix Fowler, LCSW, graduated from the University of Louisville where she received her Master’s of Science in Social Work. Before completing her Masters, Phoenix attended Bellarmine University where she double majored in Art and Psychology. Phoenix has experience working with children in various settings including hospitals, refugee and immigrant resettlement agencies, and in the public school system. Phoenix’s approach to therapy can be described as creative, playful, and supportive. Phoenix completed her 200 hour yoga teacher training in 2022 and now utilizes yoga, breathwork and mindfulness in her sessions.
(502) 842-4107 x6 View (502) 842-4107 x6
Photo of Jan Anderson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Jan Anderson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PsyD, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Hello! I’m Dr. Jan Anderson, Louisville’s leading therapist for executives and professionals. I work with individuals, couples, and families who appreciate an emphasis on privacy and discretion. There is no sign, no waiting room, and I don’t book clients back-to-back. Another way I protect your privacy and confidentiality is that I operate autonomously, independent of insurance companies. In other words, the focus is on you and the only agenda is your best interest. It’s easy to get started.  I offer a complimentary 15-minute telephone consultation to see if I'm the right helping professional for you.
Hello! I’m Dr. Jan Anderson, Louisville’s leading therapist for executives and professionals. I work with individuals, couples, and families who appreciate an emphasis on privacy and discretion. There is no sign, no waiting room, and I don’t book clients back-to-back. Another way I protect your privacy and confidentiality is that I operate autonomously, independent of insurance companies. In other words, the focus is on you and the only agenda is your best interest. It’s easy to get started.  I offer a complimentary 15-minute telephone consultation to see if I'm the right helping professional for you.
(502) 498-4918 View (502) 498-4918
Photo of Dr. Rachel M Butler, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Rachel M Butler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I’m Dr. Rachel Butler, a Licensed Psychologist based in Louisville, Kentucky. I offer individual therapy sessions to help with a range of concerns, including stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, obsessive compulsive disorder, and trauma. My style is warm, collaborative, empathetic, and acceptance-based. I love working with clients to help them confront their fears, identify what is keeping them stuck, and live a more meaningful, fulfilling life based on their values. My clients and I work as a team to identify their goals for our work together!
Welcome! I’m Dr. Rachel Butler, a Licensed Psychologist based in Louisville, Kentucky. I offer individual therapy sessions to help with a range of concerns, including stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, obsessive compulsive disorder, and trauma. My style is warm, collaborative, empathetic, and acceptance-based. I love working with clients to help them confront their fears, identify what is keeping them stuck, and live a more meaningful, fulfilling life based on their values. My clients and I work as a team to identify their goals for our work together!
(502) 237-6911 View (502) 237-6911
Photo of Ashley Ertel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Ashley Ertel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, C-DBT, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40291  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Ashley is a Kentucky Board Certified LCSW Supervisor who has been in the role as a senior therapist for a decade. She is the owner of The Delta Group which specializes in telehealth services with a focus on: Trauma Related Disorders (including Racial Trauma), Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorders, Adjustment and Transitional Concerns, Parenting Challenges, and LGBTQIA Issues.
Ashley is a Kentucky Board Certified LCSW Supervisor who has been in the role as a senior therapist for a decade. She is the owner of The Delta Group which specializes in telehealth services with a focus on: Trauma Related Disorders (including Racial Trauma), Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorders, Adjustment and Transitional Concerns, Parenting Challenges, and LGBTQIA Issues.
(502) 237-4322 View (502) 237-4322

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
71% Humana
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.